魔兽世界 守夜人叛变:高考英语词汇用法详释(5)

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高考英语词汇用法详释(5)

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each[i:tF] adj.& pron.每人,每个,每件,各个:They each had a bedroom. 他们每人有一间卧室。/ Each boy gets a prize. 每个男孩得了一份奖。

【短语】each other 互相,相互

【辨析】eachevery1.两者都可用来概括全体,但强调重点不同:every侧重整体(与all接近),each侧重个体。2.each既可用作形容词也可用作代词,而every只能用作形容词,即其后必须修饰名词。3.each指两者或两者以上的“每个”,every指三者或三者以上的“每个”,因此指两者时只能用 eachThere are trees on each side of the river. 河的两边都有树。4.every可受almost, nearly等副词的修饰,但each不能。

eager[5i:gE] adj.渴望的,急切的:She is eager to succeed [for success]. 她渴望成功。/ with an eager expression 带着殷切的表情

ear[IE] n.[C]耳朵 (常用单)听力,听觉;会欣赏:Elephants have big ears. 象的耳朵很大。/ She has a good ear for music. 她很会欣赏音乐。

early[5E:lI] adv.& adj.早的(地);初期(的):He usually wakes early. 他平常醒得很早。/ We hope for an early answer to our letter. 盼早日赐复。

earn[E:n] vt.赚得;挣得;博得;赢:She earns a high salary. 她挣高工资。/ His honesty earned him great respect. 他的诚实使它得到了极大的尊重。

earth[E:W] n.地球;土地;泥:The earth goes round the sun once a year. 地球一年绕太阳一周。

【短语】on earth究竟;在地球(世界)上;人世间(与最高级连用,以加强语气);一点(也不),全然(用于否定句);究竟,到底(用于疑问词后)

east[i:st] n.东,东方 adj.东方的:China is in East Asia. 中国位于东亚。/ The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。

eastern[5i:stEn] adj.东方的;东部的:an eastern wind 东风

easy[5i:zI] adj.容易的,不费力的:It is not easy to break off a bad habit. 要改掉一个坏习惯不容易。/ He has had an easy life. 他一直过着舒适安逸的生活。

【说明】1.除用作形容词外,有时用作副词,主要用于某些习语:Take it easy. 不要紧张。/ Easy come, easy go. 来得容易,去得快。/ Easier said than done. 说说容易做起来难。/ Stand easy. 稍息。2.表示做某事很容易,通常用It is easy to do sthIt’s easy (for me) to answer the question. 要(我)回答这个问题是容易的。这类句型的主语通常是it,不能是具体的人或事物,除非这个人或物与其后的不定式有动宾关系(且这个不定式必须用主动式表示被动意义):English is easy to learn. 英语易学。/ He is easy to work with. 他容易相处。但不能说He is easy to learn English.

eat[i:t] v.(ate, eaten)吃:It is healthy to eat fruit. 吃水果对身体有好处。

【短语】eat up 吃完,消灭 / eat out 在外面吃,下馆子

edge[edV] n. [C]边;边缘;刃,刀口:The edge of the plate was blue. 这盘子的边是蓝色的。/ The knife has a very sharp edge. 这把小刀的刀刃很锋利。

education[7edjJ(:)5keIFEn] n.教育;培养:A good education is a necessary tool for succeeding. 良好的教育是成功的必要手段。/ moral (intellectual, physical, art) education 德(智,体,美)育

【用法】通常不可数,但有时可与不定冠词连用(尤其是有定语修饰时), 表示一段教育或一种教育。

effect[I5fekt]n. [C,U]效果,影响,作用:The medicine quickly took effect. 药很快见效了。/ The book had quite an effect on her. 这书对她影响极大。

【短语】bring [carry, put] sth into effect 使某事物开始实施 / come [go] into effect 开始生效 / in effect 有效,实际上 / (be) of no effect 无效,无益,不中用

【辨析】effectaffect:两者均表示“影响”,前者为名词,后者为动词:The news did not affect her at all.=The news had no effect on her at all. 这条消息对她没有一点影响。(effect有时也用作动词,但不表示“影响”,而表示“实现”)

effort[5efEt] n.努力,尽力:It requires pains taking efforts to master a language. 学习语言要下苦功。

【用法】1.表示一次一次具体的努力,可数;表示泛指一般性的努力,不可数。2.表示努力做某事,其后通常接不定式,有时也用“at+动名词”:His efforts to find [at finding] his daughter failed. 他设法要找到他女儿的努力失败了。3.注意两个常用搭配make efforts to do sth(尽力做某事)和take [require] effort(s) (需要力气,付出努力):The wounded soldier made efforts to stand up. 这位受伤的士兵用力想站起来。/ It requires a great effort of will to give up smoking. 戒烟需要坚强的毅力。

egg[eg] n. [C,U]蛋,卵:I bought three dozen eggs. 我买了3打鸡蛋。/ The little boy had egg all over his face. 这小男孩弄得满脸是鸡蛋。

【说明】表示一个一个的鸡蛋,可数;若指打破后当作食物的鸡蛋,则不可数。

eight[eIt] num.八:We work an eight-hour day. 我们实行8小时工作日。

either[5aITE] adv.也(不)(用于否定句或否定短语后加强语气)adj.(两者中)任何一个的prop.两者之一;任何一方 conj.或者,要么:If you don’t go, I won’t either. 如果你不去,我也不去。/ I will take either. 两者中我随便拿哪个都行。/ We can either fly there or go by train. 我们可以坐飞机去也可坐火车去。

【说明】1.表示“也”,只用于肯定句中,在肯定句或疑问句中表示“也”用tooalso2.只表示两者中的任意一个,不表示三者中的任何一个(此时要用any):either of the two, either of your parents, any of the three, any of them

elder[5eldE] n.长者;前辈 adj.较…年长:elder brother (sister) 哥哥(姐姐)

electric[I5lektrIk] adj.电的,用电的,发电的:an electric lamp 电灯 / She smoothed her dress with an electric iron. 她用电熨斗烫平衣服。

electricity[Ilek5trIsItI] n.[U]电,电气:electricity bills 电费单 / The machine is driven by electricity. 这机器用电力驱动。

elephant[5elIfEnt] n.[C]象:The elephant is the largest land animal. 大象是最大的陆生动物。

eleven[I5levEn] num.十一:Lunch is from eleven to one. 午饭从11点供应到1点。

else[els] adv.别的,其他的:Hurry up or else you’ll be late. 赶快,否则你就会迟到了。/ You know him better than anyone else. 你对他比任何人都更了解。

【短语】or else 否则;要不然 / nothing else than 只不过,仅有

【用法】常用在疑问代词或不定代词之后,但不用在which后。

employ[Im5plRI] vt.雇用,使用:He’s employed in a bank. 他(受雇)在银行任职。/ We employed him as an adviser. 我们聘请他当顾问。/ He employed himself in writing. 他忙于写作。/ They employed her to look after the baby. 他们请她照看婴儿。/ He employed a hammer to drive a nail. 他用锤子钉钉子。

empty[5emptI] adj.空的 vt.倒空:The streets were empty of traffic at night. 夜间街上没有车辆。/ They emptied the bottle. 他们把瓶子一倒而空。

encourage[In5kQrIdV] vt.鼓励:They encouraged her to try. 他们鼓励她试试。

end[end] n. [C]结束;末梢;尽头,终点v.结束;终止;完结:A period signals the end of a sentence. 句号表示一个句子结束了。/ The party did not end until midnight. 晚会到半夜才结束。

【短语】at the end of 在…末稍;在…尽头/ by the end of 在…结束时,到…末为止(完成时) / in the end 最后;终于/ end up 结束,告终 / come [draw] to an end 结束,完结 / put an end to sth 结束某事

endless[5endlIs] adj.没完的,无止境的:He has given me endless love all his life. 他一辈子给了我无尽的爱。

enemy[5enImI] n.敌人,敌军:The enemy has suffered heavy losses. 敌人受到重大损失。/ The enemy are in flight. 敌军正在逃窜。

【用法】视为整体时,作单数看待;考虑其所包含的成员时,作复数看待。

energy[5enEdVI] n.精力,干劲:The child is full of energy. 那孩子精力充沛。/ They devoted all their energies to the job. 他们把自己的全部精力投入这项工作。

【用法】泛指一般意义的“精力”,不可数;具体指某人做事的“精力”,用复数。

engineer[7endVI5nIE] n.[C]工程师;技师:an assistant engineer助理工程师 / a chief engineer 总工程师 / He is an electrical engineer. 他是个电气工程师。

England[5INglEnd] n.英格兰;(泛指)英国:The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace. 英国女王住在白金汉宫。

English[5INglIF] n.英国人;英语 adj.英国的,英国人的,英语的:How do you say this in English? 这在英语中怎么说?

【用法】与定冠词连用,表示全体英国人,表复数意义:The English are famous for liking tea. 英国人以喜欢喝茶出名。

Englishman[5INglIFmEn] n.(pl. Englishmen)英国人,英国男人:He speaks English like an Englishman. 他说英语有点像英国人。

enjoy[In5dVRI] v.喜欢,享受…的乐趣,欣赏:He enjoyed himself in the vacation. 他假期过得很愉快。

【用法】1.后接动词时,只能用动名词形式,不能用不定式。2.其后紧跟when从句时,应先接itShe didn’t enjoy it when her husband kissed her in public. 她不喜欢她丈夫在公众场合吻她。(其中的it不能省)

enough[I5nQf] adj.& adv.足够的(地),充分的(地) n.足够,充足:Is the river deep enough to swim in? 在这条河里游泳水够深吗?

【用法】1. 用作形容词时,通常放在被修饰名词之前,但在正式文体中也可放被修饰名词后:We have enough time [time enough]. 我们有足够的时间。2.用作副词时,只能放在被修饰词语之后,如可说big enough,但不能说enough big3.不要误解以下结构的意思cannot...enough(不可能足够):You cannot be careful enough. 你越仔细越好。

enter[5entE] v.进入,参加,使加入:He knocked at the door and entered. 他敲了敲门便走进去了。/ Her dream to enter the famous university came true. 她要进入名牌大学学习的梦想实现了。

【用法】表示进入某一具体场所、机构、建筑物等,是及物动词,其后一般不接介词into。若是表示开始进入或从事某一状态或活动,或用于较抽象的概念,则可后接intoI can enter into your feelings at the loss of your son. 我理解你失去儿子后的心情。

entire[In5taIE] adj.全部的,整个的,完善的,完全的:The entire class will go there. 全班都会去那儿。

entrance[5entrEns] n.[C]入口 [U]进入:Entrance to the college is by examination. 进入大学要经过考试。

【用法】表示“…的入口”,其后通常接 to,有时也接of

envelope[5envIlEJp] n. [C]信封:He tore the envelope open. 他将信封撕开。

envy[5envI] vt.& n.羡慕;忌妒:She said it out of envy. 她出于嫉妒说了这话。/ We quite envy you (for) your success. 我们十分羡慕你的成功。

equal[5i:kwEl] adj.同等的,平等的;胜任的 v.(使)等于:Mary is equal to Bill in brains. 玛丽与比尔头脑一样聪明。/ I’m not equal to the position. 我不能胜任这项工作。/ None of us can equal her in beauty. 我们没有哪个人有她那样美。

【说明】1.be equal to(等于,能胜任,能应付)中的to是介词,后接动词时要用动名词:This is equal to saying that he’s a cheat. 这就等于说他是个骗子。2.用作动词时,及物,不要受形容词用法的影响,在其后误加介词to

equipment[I5kwIpmEnt] n.[U]设备:Recently we bought some new office equipment. 最近我们买了些新的办公设备。

escape[Is5keIp] n.& vi.逃脱,逃跑,漏出:I hate him but I can’t escape meeting him. 我讨厌他,但又不得不见他。

【用法】1.后接动词要用动名词,不能用不定式。2.表示从某场所逃走或从管制或监禁中逃走等,均不及物,应连用介词from;表示逃避或躲避某种不愉快的事(如危险,处罚等),及物,其后无需用介词。比较:He escaped prison. 他躲避了监禁。(逃避不愉快的事) / He escaped from prison. 他越狱了。(从管制或监禁中逃走)

especially[Is5peFElI] adv.特别,尤其:You should be especially careful. 你应该特别小心。/ I like the country especially in spring. 我喜欢乡村, 尤其在春天。

Europe[5jJErEp] n.欧洲:He has traveled through Europe. 他已游遍欧洲。

European[7jJErE5pI(:)En] n. [C]欧洲人adj.欧洲的:Many European countries are developed industrial nations. 许多欧洲国家是发达的工业国。

eve [i:v] n. 黄昏,前夕:New Year’s Eve除夕 / Christmas eve 圣诞节前夕

even[5i:vEn] adv.甚至;即使;连(…都),更:Even now it is not too late. 就是现在也不太迟。/ It’s even colder than yesterday. 今天比昨天更冷。

【短语】even if=though 即使,虽然 / even as 恰恰在…的时候 / even if [even though] 即使,尽管

【说明】是副词,不是连词,不要用它代替even ifeven though(即使)引导让步状语从句,如“即使下雨我们也要去”,不能译为 We’ll go even it rains.(应在even后加上ifthough)

evening[5i:vnIN] n. [CU]傍晚,晚上;晚会:An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening. (谚)一日之计在于晨。

event[I5vent] v.[C]事件,大事;(比赛的)项目:What were the chief events of last year? 去年主要的大事有哪些?

【短语】at all events 无论如何,不论怎样 / in any event 不管怎样 / in that event 如果那样,如果发生那样的情况

ever[5evE] adv.(常用于疑问句、否定句、比较句和if从句)曾经;无论何时:Had you ever seen her before that? 那以前你见过她吗? / That’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read. 这是我看过的最有意思的书。

【短语】as ever 依旧,仍然 / for ever 永远 / than ever 比以前,比过去

every[5evrI] adj.每;每隔;每…中的:We watch TV every evening. 我们每晚都看电视。/ She had every reason for thinking so. 她有一切理由这样想。

【用法】1. 用于否定句,构成部分否定,意为“并不是每个都”:Not every child likes it. 并不是每个小孩都喜欢它。2. every time(每次)除用作副词外,还可用作连词:Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble. 每次我听你的意见都惹了麻烦。

【辨析】everyeach 的区别,见each

everyone[5evrIwQn] / everybody[5evrIbRdI] pron.每人,人人:She is respected by everyone. 她受到大家的尊重。/ Everybody has some weak spots. 人人都有弱点。

【用法】1.用作主语时,谓语用单数。2.用于否定句,构成部分否定:Not everyone can do it. 这事并非人人会做。3.其后通常不接of短语,遇此情况可用 every one,如不说 everyone of us,可说every one of us4.其后相应的人称代词和物主代词可用单数(正式文体)和复数(非正式文体):Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]? 人人都知道这一点,不是吗? 5.受形容词修饰时,形容词应置于其后。

everything[5evrIWIN] pron.每件事,每样东西;一切:How is everything going? 情况如何?(一切都好吗?)

【用法】1.用作主语时,谓语用单数。2.用于否定句,构成部分否定:Money isn’t everything. 金钱并非万能。3.受形容词修饰时,形容词应置于其后:I’ll do everything possible to help you. 我将尽一切可能帮助你。

everywhere[5evrIwZE] adv.到处;无论哪里:There were bicycles everywhere. 到处是自行车。

【用法】有时具有连词性质,用于引出状语从句(与 wherever 用法相似):Everywhere I go, I find the same thing. 不管我到哪里,我都遇到同样的情况。

exact[Ig5zAkt] adj.确切的,准确的;严谨的;精密的:Do you know the exact meaning of the word? 你知道这个词的准确含义吗?

examination / exam[Ig7zAmI5neIFEn] / [5Ig5zAm] n.[C,U]检查;考试:Did he pass the maths examination? 他的数学考试及格了吗? / He made an examination of the room. 他检查了房间。

【短语】on examination 经过调查(查看)后 / under examination 在检查中,在审查中

【说明】表示“参加考试”,通常不用 take part in an examination,而用 take an examination。比较:sit for an examination参加考试 / enter for an examination 报名参加考试,报考

examine[Ig5zAmIn] vt.检查;询问,诊察:They examined all baggage at the airport. 他们在机场检查了所有行李。/ The doctor examined her carefully. 医生给她作了仔细的检查。

example[Ig5zB:mpl] n. [C]例子,榜样,实例:See the examples given above. 见上述例子。/ You should set him an example.=You should set an example to him. 你应该给他树立一个榜样。

【短语】for example 例如A lot of us want to leave nowBill, for example [=for example, Bill]. 我们很多人现在都想走,比如,比尔就是一例。

【用法】表示“学习…的榜样”,可用动词followcopy,即用follow [copy] the example of,但不用动词learnstudy

excellent[5ekslEnt] adj.极好的,优秀的:He is excellent in mathematics. 他的数学非常好。/ The tone of the school is excellent. 这所学校校风极好。

except[Ik5sept] prep.除…之外:We go there every day except Sunday. 除了星期天,我们每天都去那儿。/ I can do everything except cook. 除了做饭我什么事都会做。/ He has no special fault except that he smokes too much. 他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。

【用法】1.其后除接名词或代词外,还可接副词、不定式、介词短语、that从句、when从句、what从句、why从句、where从句等:He has nothing now except what we owe him. 除了我们欠他的钱外,他现在是一无所有了。/ I like her except when she is angry. 除了她发怒的时候,我挺喜欢她。2.后接动词时,通常不用动名词,而用不定式。该不定式有时带to,有时不带to,情形比较复杂,大致原则是:其前有do,不定式不带to;其前没有do,不定式通常带to

【辨析】1. besides, butexceptbesides 表累加,意指“除了什么之外,还有…”;exceptbut 表排除,意指“除了什么之外,不再有…”。但在否定句中,besides 也表示“除…之外不再有… ”,与but, except 同义。2. exceptexcept for:前者主要用来谈论同类的东西;后者主要用来谈论不同类的东西,在说明情况后作细节上的修正,有时含有惋惜之意:We had a pleasant time, except for the weather. 我们玩得很高兴,只是天气不太好。但是,注意以下情况:(1) 用于all, every, no, everything, anybody, nobody, nowhere, whole 等表示概括性的词语后面时,两者可互换:We shall all take part in the sports except (for) Jim. 除吉姆外,我们都将参加比赛。(2) 用于句首时,两者同义,但此时通常用except for (因为except通常不用于句首):Except for James, we have told everyone the news. 我们已把这个消息告诉了大家,只有詹姆斯没有告诉。

excite[Ik5saIt] vt.使兴奋,使激动:The news excited everybody. 消息鼓舞了每个人。/ What are you so excited about? 什么事你这样激动?

exciting[Ik5saItIN] adj.令人兴奋的,使人激动的:I think football is an exciting sport. 我认为足球是一种刺激的运动。

【辨析】excitedexciting:前者指感到兴奋的,后者指令人兴奋的。比较:an excited talk=心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动),an exciting talk=令人激动的谈话(指听“谈话”的人心情激动)。

excuse1[Iks5kju:z] v.原谅;宽恕:Excuse me, can I get past, please? 对不起,能让我过去吗? / Excuse me for coming late. 请原谅我来迟了。

excuse2[Iks5kju:s] n.[C]借口,辩解:Stop making excuses! 别再找借口了!

exercise[5eksEsaIz] n. [U]锻炼,运动 [C](常用复)做操,体操 [C]练习(题),训练 vi.锻炼:Exercise is good for health. 运动有益于健康。/ We do morning exercises every day. 我们每天做早操。

exhibition[7eksI5bIFEn] n.[C]展览(会):Let’s take a look round the exhibition. 我们去展览会看看吧。

【短语】on exhibition 在展出中

exist[Ig5zIst] vi.存在,生存:That word doesn’t exist in English. 英语中没有这个字。/ No such person ever existed. 这样的人从来没有存在过。

expect[Iks5pekt] vt.期待,盼望,预期;以为,料想:Don’t expect too much of him. 别对他期望过高。/ I didn’t expect to see you here. 没想到在这里碰到你。

expensive[Iks5pensIv] adj.昂贵的:Holiday flights are getting less and less expensive. 假日机票越来越便宜了。

【用法】可用于说明事物,但通常不用于说明price,即不说 expensive price

experience[Iks5pIErIEns] n.[U]经验 [C]经历,体验 vt.经历,遭受:This work needs experience and care. 这件工作需要经验和细心。

【用法】表示抽象的经验,不可数;表示具体的经历,可数。

experiment[Iks5perImEnt] n.[C,U]实验 vi.做实验:do [make, carry out, perform] an experiment 做实验

explain[Iks5pleIn] v.解释;说明:He explained that he had no money. 他解释说他没有钱。

【用法】不能后接双宾语,要表示给某人解释某事,可用explain sth to sbCan you explain to me what this means? 你能给我解释一下这是什么意思吗?

explanation[7eksplE5neIFEn]n.[C,U]解释,说明:It needs no explanation. 它无需解释。/ Can you make a clear explanation? 你能清楚地作出解释吗?

explode[Iks5plEJd] v.(使)爆炸,(使)发脾气:He exploded a bomb. 他引爆了炸弹。/ The balloon suddenly exploded. 气球突然炸了。

exploit[Iks5plRIt] vt.剥削;开发,开采:exploit natural resources 开发自然资源 / He always sided with the oppressed and the exploited. 他总是站在被压迫和被剥削的人一边。

express[Iks5pres] vt.表达,表示:I don’t know how to express myself. 我不知道怎样表达自己的意思。

expression[Iks5preFEn] n.[C,U]表达;词句;表情:Her feelings at last found expression in tears. 她的感情终于通过眼泪发泄出来。/ His face was without expression. 他的脸上毫无表情。

extra[5ekstrE] adj.特别的,额外的 adv.特别地,非常地 n.[C]另收费用的项目,附加费用:We are willing to do extra work though we are not paid for it. 虽然不给报酬,我们也愿多干些分外的工作。/ He was extra glad to see us. 他见到我们高兴极了。/ They charge extra for wine. 喝酒他们另外收费。

extremely[Iks5tri:mlI] adv.极其,非常:I’m extremely sorry. 我非常抱歉。

eye[aI] n. [C]眼睛,视力,眼光,观点:I saw it with my own eyes. 那是我亲眼看到的。/ He’s keeping an eye open for a better job. 他正在留意一个更好的工作。

 

 

F

 

face1[feIs] n.[C]脸,面孔:She had a worried look on her face. 她脸上有一种忧虑的表情。

【短语】face to face (with) 面对面 / in (the) face of 面对,不顾 / lose face 丢面子 / make a face (at) 做鬼脸,装怪相,做苦脸(=make faces) / pull [wear] a long face 愁眉苦脸的样子,板着面孔 / save (one’s) face 挽回面子

face2[feIs] v.面向,面对:Other problems also had to be faced. 还需面对其他问题。/ My house faces the park. 我的房子面对公园。

【短语】be faced with 面临 / face up to 大胆面向

fact[fAkt] n.[C]事实,实际:It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health. 吸烟危害健康,这是事实。

【短语】in actual fact 事实上 / as a matter of fact 事实上 / in fact 事实上,实际上

factory[5fAktErI] n.[C]工厂:The factory produces cars. 这家工厂生产小汽车。

fail[feIl] v.失败,不及格:He’ll surely fail. 他必定失败。/ He failed (in) his English examination. 他的英语考试不及格。

fair[fZE] adj.公平的,合理的;尚好的;晴朗的 adv. 公平地,公正诚实地 n. [C]商品交易会:That’s a fair comment. 那是公正的评价。/ a world’s fair 世界博览会

fairly[5fZElI] adv.公道地,相当地,还算:He told the facts fairly. 他实事求是地叙述这些事实。/ That is a fairly easy book. 这是一本相当容易的书。

faith[feIW] n. [U]信仰,信念,相信;保证,诺言:Faith can move mountains. 精诚所至,金石为开。/ I have faith in his ability. 我对他的能力有信心。

fall1[fR:l] n.&v.(fell, fallen)落下,跌倒;倒下,下降:The price of food has fallen. 食品价格下跌了。/ Be careful not to fall off the ladder. 当心别从梯子上掉下来。

【短语】fall behind 落后,掉队 / fall in love with 爱上… / fall off 跌落,下降 / fall over 跌倒,倒下

【辨析】falldrop:见drop

【用法】在少数短语中可用作连系动词,后接形容词:fall asleep 入睡 / fall ill 生病

fall2 [fR:l] n.(美)秋季:in the fall of 1988 1988年秋天 / He entered college last fall. 他去年秋天上大学。/ These leaves turn yellow in the fall. 这些叶子秋天变黄。

false[fC:ls,fCls] adj.假的,虚伪,捏造的:false hair 假发 / His story proved false. 他讲的情况事实表明是假的。

familiar[fE5mIljE] adj. 熟悉的,常见的:We are familiar with his character. 我们了解他的性格。/ These tales are familiar to Chinese children. 这些故事对中国小孩而言是听惯了的。

【比较】We are familiar with the saying. 我们熟悉这条格言。/ The saying is familiar to us. 这条格言我们熟悉。

family[5fAmIlI] n. [C]家,家庭,家族;子女:What’s his family name? 他姓什么?

【用法】若视为整体,则为单数;若考虑其个体,则为复数:My family is very large. 我的家庭是个很大的家庭。/ My family are all tall. 我全家人的个子都很高。

famous[5feImEs] adj.著名的,有名的:Her dream to enter a famous university came true. 她要进入名牌大学的梦想实现了。

【用法】后接介词asfor意义不同:接as表示“作为…而出名”,接for表示“因…而出名”:He is rather famous as a writer. 他是位著名作家。/ France is famous for its wine. 法国因其葡萄酒而出名。

fan[fAn]n. [U]扇子,爱好者 vt.扇;煽动;激起:a film [movie] fan 影迷 / electric fan电风扇 / The breeze fanned her hair. 微风吹拂着她的头发。

far[fB:] adj.& adv.(farther, farthest; further, furthest)远的(地);很,极,太:If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?

【短语】as far as 像…一样远 / by far …得多,最(加强比较级,最高级) / far from 远离,决非,完全不 / so far 到目前为止(一般和完成时连用)

【用法】用作副词时,可修饰动词、比较级、最高级(=by far)、副词too(太)、介词短语:This story is far more interesting. 这个故事有趣得多。/ He speaks English far better than I. 他说英语比我好得多。/ He was at the station far too early. 他去车站去得太早。

【辨析】fartherfurther:见further

farm[fB:m] n.[C]农场,农庄:He works on the farm. 他在农场工作。

farmer[5fB:mE] n. [C]农场主,农夫:fruit farmer果农

【辨析】farmerpeasant:前者通常指非英语国家的自耕农或雇农,后者则主要指英语国家的农民。

farther[5fB:TE] adj.& adv.较远,更远(far的比较级):We went no farther than the bridge. 我们走到桥头就不再往前走了。

【辨析】fartherfurther:见further

fast[fB:st] adj. 快的,(钟表)走得快的;紧的adv. 快地;紧地:I’m afraid my watch is fast. 我的表快了。/ You’re driving too fast. 你车开得太快。

fasten[5fB:sn] v. 闩;栓住;捆;系:Fasten your seat belts! 请系上安全带!

【用法】1.用于本义,表示把某物系于另一物上,通常与介词to连用:He fastened the ox to a tree. 他把牛拴在树上。2.用于引申义,表示“注视”、“集中注意力于”等,则通常与介词on [upon]连用:He fastened his eyes (up)on the stranger. 他的眼睛盯着这个陌生人。

fat[fAt] adj.肥胖的,多脂肪的n.[U]脂肪,油脂:The doctor told him to stay away from fat foods. 医生要他不要吃油腻的食品。

father[5fB:TE] n.[C]父亲:father and mother 父母 / Father’s Day 父亲节

fault[fR:lt] n. [C,U]过错,缺点,故障,毛病:It’s not my fault. 这不是我的错。/ Your only fault is carelessness. 你惟一的缺点是粗心大意。

【短语】at fault 有错,有责任,有毛病 / find fault (with sb) 找(某人的)缺点

favour(美favor)[5feIvE] n. [C]恩惠,帮助 [U]好感,喜欢:May I ask you a favor? 我可以请您帮个忙吗?

【短语】in favor of 赞成,支持 / in one’s favour 对某人有利

【用法】1. do sb a favour 意为“帮助某人”,也可说成 do a favour for sb,注意其中的动词do不能换成give2.do sb a favor中,当favor后用作定语的不定式或of doing sth时,其前的不定冠词通常要改为定冠词。

favo(u)rite[5feIvErIt] adj.最喜爱的n.[C]最喜爱的人或物:My favourite sport is skiing. 我最喜欢的运动是滑雪。David’s a great favourite with his teacher. 大卫是他的老师最为喜欢的学生。

【用法】已含有“最”的意思,通常不再连用most

fear[fIE] n.&v.害怕,恐惧,担心:He was shaking with fear. 他害怕得直发抖。/ Children fear dogs. 小孩怕狗。

【短语】for fear of 由于怕,以防 / in fear of 害怕,担心

【用法】1.后接动词可用不定式或动名词:He fears to tell [telling] her what happened. 他害怕告诉她所发生的事情。2.fear sbfear for sb不同:前者指害怕某人,后者指为某人担心。

feather[5feTE] n. [C]羽毛:His death is as light as a feather. 他的死轻如鸿毛。

February[5febrJErI] n.二月:February is the shortest month of the year. 二月是一年最短的一个月。

feed[fi:d](fed, fed) v. 喂(养),饲(养),供养;吃:Sheep feed mostly on grass. 羊以草为主食。/ He fed the horse on potatoes. 他给马喂土豆。

feel[fi:l] v.(felt, felt)摸,触;感觉:Ice and snow feel cold. 冰雪摸着是冷的。/ Do you feel sure about it? 你能对这有把握吗? / He felt them to be right. 他认为他们是对的。

【说明】feel like 是常用短语,其后可接名词或动名词,表示“感到想要(做某事)”、“摸起来好像”、“(感到)像是…的样子”:I don’t feel like going to the movies. 我不想去看电影。/ It feels like silk. 这东西摸起来像丝绸。/ I feel like catching a cold. 我像是感冒了。

feeling[5fi:lIN] n. [C,U]感觉;知觉;(常用复)感情:I have a feeling he’ll come. 我觉得他会来。/ I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 我担心是否伤了她的感情。

fellow[5felEJ] n.[C](口语)人,家伙,小伙子,同伴:fellow workers同事 / Poor fellow! 可怜的家伙!/ He’s a nice fellow. 他是个很好的人。

fence[fens] n.[C]篱笆,栅栏:The fence kept the dog in the yard. 栅栏把狗圈在了院子里。

fetch[fetF] v.取来,带来;去取:It’s time to fetch the children from school. 是把孩子们从学校接回来的时候了。

【用法】可带双宾语,若双宾语易位,通常用介词 for 来引出间接宾语,即fetch sb sth=fetch sth for sb

fever[5fi:vE] n.[C,U]发烧,发热:She has a slight fever. 她有点儿发烧。

few[fju:] adj.& pron.少数(的),不多(的) n.(表示否定)几乎没有:Who has the fewest mistakes? 谁的错最少?/ Only a few of the children can read. 孩子们只有几个能阅读。

【辨析】fewa few:两者均用于表示数量,连用或代替可数名词(必须用复数),前者表示数量很少甚至几乎没有,强调“少”,含有否定意味;后者表示数量虽不多,但毕竟还有,强调“有”,含有肯定意味。

field[fi:ld] n.[C]田地;领域;场地;牧场:in the fields 在田地里

fierce[fIEs] adj.凶猛的;猛烈的:He was frightened of the fierce dog. 他让这只凶猛的狗吓怕了。/ Because there is so much unemployment, the competition for jobs is very fierce. 由于失业如此众多,求职的竞争十分激烈。

fifteen[5fIf5ti:n] num.十五:The water was fifteen feet deep. 水有15英尺深。

fifth[fIfW] num.第五:Two fifths of the students are girls. 五分之二的学生是女孩。

fifty[5fIftI] num.五十:He got married in his fifties. 他50多岁才结婚。

fight[faIt] v.(fought, fought)打仗,打架;与…打架n.[C]战斗,斗争:The children fought with snow-balls. 孩子们打雪战。

figure[5fIgE] n.[C]数字;外形,图形,塑像,画像 v.描绘;计算;估计:She has a five figure income. 她有五位数的收入。/ She has a trim figure. 她身材苗条。/ You can figure on him to be on time. 你可以指望他准时来。

fill[fIl] v.装满,充满,满,填充:Her eyes filled with tears. 她眼睛里充满了眼泪。

【短语】fill in 填充,填写,填满 / fill up 填写,填满,装满

film[fIlm] n. [C,U]影片,电影;胶卷(片):The film begins at two o’clock. 电影两点钟开始。/ Please buy a roll of film for me. 请给我买一卷胶卷。

final[5faInEl] adj.最后的 n.(复数)决赛,期末考试:Is that your final offer? 这是你最后的报价吗? / When do you take your finals? 你什么时候参加期终考试?

find[faInd] v.(found, found)找到,发现;感到;查明:He found her crying in the corner. 他发现她在角落里哭。/ He found the city much changed. 他发现这个城市发生了巨大的变化。/ We found him to be dishonest. 我们发现他不诚实。

【短语】find out 查明,弄清

【用法】1.可接双宾语,若双宾语易位,用介词for引出间接宾语:Please find me my key.=Please find my key for me. 请给我找到我的钥匙。

finger[5fINgE] n.[C]手指:She wore a gold ring on her finger. 她的手指上戴了枚金戒指。/ His fingers are all thumbs. 他笨手笨脚。

finish[5fInIF] v.结束,完成:It’s a pity (that) he didn’t finish college. 真遗憾他大学没毕业。

【短语】finish off [up] 吃完,吃光;做完,结束

【用法】后接动词时不用不定式,而用动名词,且该动名词要用一般式,不用完成式:There was a deadly silence after she finished speaking. 她说完话后是一片沉默。

fire[faIE] n.[C,U]火,火灾,火炉 v.开火,射击;解雇:There is no fire without some smoke. (谚)有火就有烟。/ In case of fire, ring the bell. 如有火灾,按铃。

【短语】catch fire 着火 / on fire 着火 / set fire to 放火烧 / make [start] a fire 生火

firm1[fE:m] n. [C]公司,企业:a printing firm 印刷公司

firm2[fE:m] adj. 坚固的,坚定的;坚决的,严格的adv.牢牢地,坚定地:The teacher was firm and did not change her mind. 老师很坚决,他不改变主意。

first[fE:st] num.第一 adv.& adj.第一,最初 n.开始,开端:You’ll be the first to speak. 你将第一个发言。/ It’s the first time she has driven a car. 这是她第一次开车。

【短语】at first 起初,开始时 / first of all 首先,第一

fish[fIF] n.[C]鱼 [U]鱼肉vi.捕鱼,钓鱼:Do try this fish. 请尝尝这鱼。/ Let’s go fishing. 我们去钓鱼吧。

【用法】用作名词表示“鱼”时,单复数同形,但有时也可用fishes这样的复数形式(表示数量或种类);表示“鱼肉”时,不可数。

fist[fIst] n.[C]拳头:He hit me with his fist. 他用拳头打我。

fit[fIt] v.(使)适合,(使)符合;安装 adj.适合的,恰当的;胜任的;健康的 n.适合;合身(的衣服):Does the coat fit? 上衣合身吗? / I hope you’ll keep fit. 希望你身体保持健康。

【用法】表示“适合做某事”,可用be fit to do sth,此时若主语与不定式有动宾关系,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式:They are not fit to eat [to be eaten]. 它们不适合食用。

five[faIv] num.五:five senses 五官

fix[fIks] vt. 使固定;确定,决定;准备,安排;修理:He fixed a picture to the wall. 他往墙上贴了张画。/ Have you fixed (on) the date for the meeting? 你们确定了开会的时间吗? / We are going to have the TV fixed. 我们要请人把电视机修好。

flag[flAg] n. [C]旗,标志:the national flag 国旗

flash[flAF] v.闪亮,(使)闪现 n.[C]一闪,闪光;转瞬间:His eyes flash with anger. 他眼中冒出怒火。

flat[flAt] adj.平的,扁平的;平坦的;平展的 n.[C]公寓,一套房:Lie down flat and breathe deeply. 平躺下,作深呼吸。/ The flat is on sale. 公寓出售。

flight[flaIt] n.[C]航班,飞行;楼梯的一段:Did you have a good flight? 乘机旅行愉快吗?/ My room is two flights up. 我的房间要上两段楼梯。

float[flEJt] v.(使)浮动,(使)漂浮,飘动:Wood floats on water. 木头漂浮在水上。/ They floated down the river. 他们沿河向下游漂去。

flood[flQd] vt.淹没,使泛滥,充斥 n.[C]洪水,洪灾:Much of the land was flooded. 很多土地被水淹了。/ The floods are going down. 洪水正在消退。

floor[flR:] n.[C]地面,地板;楼层:He lives on the fifth floor. 他住在5楼。

flour[flaJE] n. [U]面粉,粉:rice flour 米粉

flow[flEJ] vi.流,流动:Water flows through the pipe. 水从水管中流过。

flower[5flaJE] n. [C]花:The rose is my favourite flower. 玫瑰是我最喜欢的花。

fly[flaI] n.[C]苍蝇 v.(flew, flown)飞,飞行,乘飞行旅行,使飞,放(风筝等):We can either fly there or go by train. 我们可以坐飞机去也可坐火车去。

follow[5fRlEJ] v.跟随;(表示时间,顺序等)接着;遵循,理解:Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。/ But worse was to follow. 但更坏的情况还在后头。

fond[fRnd] adj.喜爱的,爱好的:She became very fond of her. 她变得非常喜欢她。

【用法】表示“喜欢做某事”,be fond 后接of doing sth,不接不定式。

food[fU:d] n.[U,C]食物:This food tastes sweet. 这种食品是甜的。

【用法】通常不可数,但若表示某种特殊种类的食物,则可数:breakfast foods 早餐食物

fool[fu:l]n. [C]傻子,蠢人v.愚弄,欺骗:He is not such a fool as he looks. 他并不像他看起来那么傻。/ He fooled me into going with him. 他欺骗我,要我跟他去。

foolish[5fu:lIF] adj.笨的,愚蠢的:It’s foolish of you to believe her.=You are foolish to believe her. 你相信她真是太蠢了。

foot[fJt] n. [C]脚,足;英尺:To do this is to cut the foot to fit the shoe. 这样做是削足适履。

【短语】on foot 走路,步行 / at the foot of在…的脚下,在…的尾端

【用法】表示“脚”时,其复数为feet;表示“英尺”时,其复数是feetfoot

football[5fJtbR:l] n. [C](踢球所用的)足球 [U]足球(运动):He hurt his leg (in) playing football. 他踢足球把腿踢伤了。

for[fC:,fE] prep.为了;给(某人),供(某人)用;用于,用来;因为,由于;去;达,计;对,对于;赞成;就…来说conj. 因为,由于:That’s what we’re here for. 这正是我们来的目的。/ Do more exercise for the good of your health. 为了健康你要多运动。/ Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用来切东西的。/ Are you for or against the plan?你是支持还是反对这个计划? / Plant three trees for every one that is cut down. 每砍一棵树要种三棵树。/ Red is for danger. 红色代表危险。

forbid[fE5bId](forbade/ forbad, forbidden) vt.禁止;不许:His wife forbids him wine. 他妻不准他喝酒。/ We forbid smoking in the office. 本办公室内不准吸烟。/ I forbid him to go there again. 我不准他再去那儿。

【用法】后接动词作宾语时要用动名词(不用不定式),但若不定式前有宾语语则可以(此时不定式作宾补)。

force[fR:s] vt.强迫,迫使 n.[U,C]力量;武力 (常用复)军队,势力:They were forced to work long hours. 他们被迫长时间干活。

【短语】by force 靠武力,强行 / by force of 靠…,凭借… / with force 有力地,费力地

【用法】表示迫使某人做某事,除可用force sb to do sth外,也可用 force sb into doing sthThey forced her to sign [into signing] the paper. 他们强迫她在文件上签字。

foreign[5fRrIn] adj.外国的,对外的:a foreign visitor 外宾 / She is quick at learning a foreign language. 她学外语学得快。

forest[5fCrIst] n. [C,U]森林:They see the trees but not the forest. 他们见树不见林。

forget[fE5get] v.(forgot, forgotten)忘记,忘掉:Oh, I forget where she lives. 啊,我忘了她住在哪儿了。/ He forgot about the meeting. 他忘了去开会。

【比较】forget to do sthforget doing sth:前者指忘记要做某事,后者指忘记曾经做过某事:Don’t forget to tell him the news. 别忘记告诉他这消息。/ I forgot telling her the news. 我忘了曾告诉过她这个消息。

forgive[fE5gIv] v.饶恕;豁免,原谅,宽恕:I’ve already forgiven you. 我已经原谅了你。/ Please forgive me (for) my fault. 请原谅我的过错。

【用法】要表示原谅某人做某事,不能用forgive sb to do sth,而用forgive sb for doing sthPlease forgive me for coming late. 请原谅我来迟了。

fork[fR:k] n.[C]叉,餐叉;(路,河等)岔口:a knife and fork 一副刀叉

form[fC:m] n. [C,U]表格;形式,结构;种类v.形成,构成:He asked me to fill a form out [in]. 他让我填一份表。

fortnight[5fR:tnaIt] n.[C]双周,十四日:It’s a fortnight to National Day. 离国庆节还有两星期。

fortunate[5fR:tFEnIt] adv.幸运地;幸亏:You’re fortunate in your teacher. 你很幸运有位好老师。/ He is fortunate to have [in having] a good job. 他很幸运有份好工作。/ It is fortunate (for him) that he has a good wife. 他很幸运有位好妻子。

fortune[5fC:tFu:n] n. [U]运气,机会 [C]财产,巨款;命运:I had the fortune to meet him there. 我在那儿见到了他,真是幸运。

forty[5fR:tI] num. 四十:A middle-aged person is between forty and sixty years old. 中年人是指40到60岁之间的人。

forward[5fR:wEd] adv.向前,提前 adj.前面的,提前的:Take two steps forward. 向前走两步。/ We can see the forward part of the ship. 我们可以看见船的前部。

【用法】look forward to(展望,盼望)中的to是介词,后接动词时要用动名词。

found[faJnd] v.成立,建立:They founded a college. 他们创办了一所大学。

fountain[5faJntIn] n.[C]喷泉:A group of children are playing in the fountain in the park. 有一群孩子在公园的喷泉中玩耍。

four[fR:] num.四:It was a four-storeyed house. 这是一座4层楼房。

fourth[fR:W] num.第四:the May Fourth Movement 五四运动

fox[fRks] n.[C]狐狸:a sly old fox 狡猾的老狐狸

France[frB:ns] n.法国:France is famous for its wines. 法国因它的酒而出名。

free[fri:] adj.空闲的,自由的;免费的 adv.免费,自由地 v.释放,使自由:You are free to go or to stay. 要走要留悉听尊便。/ Are the drinks free? 这饮料是免费的吗? / Children are admitted free. 儿童免费入场。

【短语】for free 免费

freedom[5fri:dEm] n.[U]自由:They longed for freedom. 他们渴望自由。

freeze[fri:z]v.(froze, frozen)使冻结,结冰;凝固:be freezing cold冰冻一样地冷 / When water freezes, it becomes solid. 水结冰时变成固体。

French[frentF] adj.法国的;法国人的 n.法语:The letter was in French. 这信是用法语写的。/ The French defeated the English troops. 法国人打败了英国军队。

Frenchman[5frentFmEn] n.(pl. Frenchmen)法国人:He’s a Frenchman. 他是法国人。

frequent[5fri:kwEnt] adj.经常的,屡次的,频繁的:My girlfriend writes frequent letters to me. 我的女朋友频繁给我写信。

fresh[freF] adj.新鲜地;不熟练的,无经验的:You can buy fresh fruit and vegetables in the market. 你可以在市场上买到新鲜的蔬菜和水果。

Friday[5fraIdI] n. [U,C]星期五:Friday is believed to be an unlucky day. 星期五被认为是不吉利的日子。

fridge[frIdV] n.[C]冰箱(=refrigerator):We have a fridge in our kitchen. 我们厨房里有一台冰箱。

friend[frend] n. [C]朋友:We can remain friends. 我们可以继续作朋友。

【短语】make friends 交朋友 / be friends with sb 与某人友好 / keep friends (with sb) (与某人)保持友好关系 / make friends (with sb) (与某人)交朋友

friendly[5frendlI] adj.友好的:He is very friendly to [towards] me. 他对我很好。/ Bill is friendly with the girl. 比尔与这个女孩很要好。

friendship[5frendFIp] n. [U,C]友谊,友情:That’s my idea about friendship. 这是我对友谊的看法。

frighten[5fraItn] vt.吓唬,使惧怕:The ghost story frightened the child. 这个鬼怪故事使孩子十分惊恐。/ He was frightened of losing power. 他害怕会失去权力。

from[frRm] prep.从,自,从…起,来自:He writes from 10 to 15 letters daily. 他每天写10到15封信。/ Things have gone from bad to worse. 事情越来越糟。/ He kept the bad news from his wife. 他不让他妻子知道这个不好的消息。/ I can’t tell one twin from the other. 我分不出双胞胎中谁是谁。

front[frQnt]n.[C]前面,前线,前部 adj.前面的:He considered it his duty to go to the front. 他认为上前线是他的责任。/ He came out by the front door. 他从前门出来。

【短语】at the front (of) 在(…的)前部(前面),在…的前面 / in front of 在…前面(通常指范围之外) / in the front of 在…的前部或前面(通常指范围之内)

fruit[fru:t] n.[U,C]水果,果实:They trade in fruit and vegetables. 他们做水果和蔬菜生意。

【用法】通常表示集合意义,不可数;但若表示种类,则是可数:The potato is a vegetable, not a fruit. 土豆是一种蔬菜,而不是一种水果。

fry[fraI] v.油煎,油炸,油炒:The fish was frying. 鱼正在煎。

fuel[fjJEl] n.[U,C]燃料 v.加燃料,添柴火:Petrol is no longer a cheap fuel. 石油已不再是廉价的燃料。/ Coal, wood and oil are fuels. 煤、木柴和石油都是燃料。

full[fJl] adj.满的,充满的,完全的:Her eyes are full of tears. 她眼泪汪汪。/ He enjoyed life to the full. 他尽情享受人生。

fun[fQn] n. [U]有趣的事,玩笑,娱乐:What fun we had! 我们玩得真好! / We had fun riding our bicycles to the beach today. 我们今天骑自行车去海滨玩得很开心。

【短语】for fun 开玩笑,为了好玩 / in fun 闹着玩的,开玩笑地 / make fun of sb 拿某人开玩笑,取笑某人

funny[5fQnI] adj.可笑的,有趣的,滑稽的:That’s the funniest joke I’ve ever heard.那是我所听过的最风趣的笑话。

fur[fE:] n.[U](兽类的)毛 [U,C]皮毛,毛皮衣:Cats are covered with soft fur. 猫身上长着柔软的毛。/ He was wrapped in furs. 他的身子裹在皮大衣里。

furniture[5fE:nItFE] n.[U]家具:Furniture is chiefly made of wood. 家具主要是由木材制造。

【用法】是集合名词(或叫物质名词),没有复数形式,也不能与不定冠词连用,含义上永远是单数。若要表示“量”,可用 much, little,a little 等;要表示“数”,可用 a piece of (article, item) of 等:a piece of furniture 一件家具

further[5fE:TE] adj.& adv.(far的比较级)更远的(地),更进一步的(地);较远的(地) v.增进,推进:further education 进修,深造 / make no further delay 不再推迟 / His support furthered my career. 他的支持促进了我的事业。

【辨析】fartherfurther:两者均可表示距离,此时可互换;若用于引申义,表示“更进一步”、“更多”、“此外”等义,则只能用 furtherWe’ll further discuss it. 我们会进一步讨论它。/ Are there any further questions? 还有问题吗? 另外,further 还可用作动词,表示“增进”、“推进”等,farther 不能这样用。

future[5fju:tFE] n. [C,U]将来,前途 adj.将来的,未来的:You young people have a bright future ahead of you! 你们年轻人的前途光辉灿烂!

【短语】in the future 将来 / in future 从今以后 / for the future 为将来