魔兽fly直播间:高考英语词汇用法详释(7)

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高考英语词汇用法详释(7

J

 

jacket[5dVAkIt] n.[C]上衣,夹克:How much is the jacket? 这件上衣多少钱?

jam[dVAm] n. [U]果酱 [C]阻塞v.挤进;夹住,阻塞:a traffic jam 交通阻塞

January[5dVAnjJErI] n.一月:Her birthday is in January. 她的生日在一月。

Japan[dVE5pAn] n.日本:Have you ever been to Japan? 你到过日本吗?

Japanese[dVApE5ni:z] n.[C]日本人 [U]日语adj.日本的,日本人的:He can speak Japanese. 他会说日语。

jar[dVB:] n.[C]罐子,广口瓶子:a jar of oil 一罐油

job[dVRb] n.[C]工作:He’s been out of a job for months. 他已失业几个月了。

join[dVRIn] v.加入,参加;连接,联合:He joined the Party in 1947. 他于1947年入党。/ He’ll join us in singing the song. 他将同我们一起唱歌。/ Join this pipe to the other. 把这根管子与那根连接起来。

joke[dVEJk] n.[C]笑话 v.开玩笑:War is no joke. 战争不是闹着玩的。/ Let’s play a joke on him. 我们来开他个玩笑。/ He is only joking. 他只不过是开玩笑。

journey[5dVE:nI] n.[C]旅行,路程:Have a pleasant journey! 祝旅途愉快!

joy[dVCI] n. [U]欢乐,高兴 [C]令人快乐的人(事):He jumped for [with] joy. 他高兴得跳了起来。/ To my joy, I succeeded at last. 使我高兴的是我最后成功了。

judge[dVQdV] n.[C]法官,裁判员 v.判断,断定:Don’t judge by [from] appearances. 不要从外表来下判断。/ Judging from [by] what he said, he must be a cheat. 从他说的话来看,他一定是个骗子。

juice[dVu:s] n.[C,U]汁,果汁:A glass of orange juice, please. 请来杯橘子汁。

July[dVJ(:)5laI] n.七月:July 1 is our Party’s birthday. 7月1日是我们党的生日。

jump[dVQmp] n.[C]跳 v.跳;猛扑:He jumped for joy. 他高兴得跳了起来。

June[dVu:n] n.六月:June 1 is Children’s Day. 6月1日是儿童节。

just[dVQst] adv.正好,恰好;刚才;仅,不过:This is just what I wanted. 这正是我所要的。

【用法】表示“刚刚”时,在英国英语中常与现在完成时连用,而在美国英语中常与一般过去时连用:He (has) just arrived. 他刚到。但与之同义的 just now 则通常只与一般过去时连用:He arrived just now.

 

 

K

 

keep[ki:p] v.(kept, kept)保存,保持(某种状态),继续不断:Keep calm! 安静! / Keep the baby warm. 别把婴儿冻着。

【短语】keep back (使)后退;忍住,隐瞒 / keep down 抑制,控制,使下降 / keep off 避开,防止,挡住 / keep on 继续 / keep out 遮挡,使不进入 / keep out of 使不进入… / keep up 保持,继续 / keep up with 跟上,不落后

【注意】其后可接动名词作宾语,但不能接不定式。

【比较】1.keep doing sthkeep on doing sth:若表示反复发生的动作(即动作间有间隔),可互换;若表示持续的状态或连续不断的动作(动作之间无间隔),则用 keep doing sthI kept hoping that they would have chance to come to China some day. 我一直希望他们有机会到中国来。2.keep sb doing sthkeep sb from doing sth:前者指使某人不停地做某事,后者指使某人不做某事,两者意思几乎相反:I’m sorry to have kept you waiting. 对不起让你等了。/ The rain kept us from going out. 下雨使我们没法出去。

key[ki:] n.[C]钥匙;键;关键,秘诀;答案:the keys of a piano 钢琴琴键 / I lost my keys. 我把钥匙弄丢了。

【用法】表示“…的钥匙”,其后可用介词 toofthe key to [of] the door 门的钥匙。但若用于比喻义表示“答案”、“秘诀”、“关键”等,通常只接介词toThis is the key to the problem. 这是问题的关键。

kick[kIk] v & n.踢:He shut the door with a kick. 他把门一踢,把门关上了。

kill[kIl] v.(被)杀死,(被)弄死;消磨(时间):How do you manage to kill your time on Sundays? 你在星期天是如何打发时间的?

kilo[5kIlEu] n.[C]千克,公斤;千米,公里:He bought three kilos of oranges. 他买了3公斤橘子。

kilometre / kilometer[5kIlEJmi:tE] n. [C]千米,公里:The new city covers more than 30 square kilometres. 这座新城市面积有 30 多平方公里。

kind[kaInd] n. [C]种,类 adj.和善的,友好的:We sell all kinds of hats. 我们卖各种帽子。/ Will you be kind enough to [=so kind as to] shut the door? 可否劳驾把门关上?

【用法】1.用作名词表示“种类”时,用于kind of 后的名词通常要用单数,且不用冠词:This kind of book is interesting. 这种书很有趣。2.kind of 可用作状语,表示“有点儿”:I feel kind of cold. 我感到有点冷。

kindergarten[5kIndE7gB:tEn] n.[C]幼儿园:Bring the children back from the kindergarten at four o’clock. 下午四点把孩子们从幼儿园接回来。

king[kIN] n.[C]国王:The lion is the king of beasts. 狮子为万兽之王。

kiss[kIs]v.& n. [C]吻,接吻:She kissed her mother goodbye. 她吻别了她的妈妈。/ He blew a kiss at [to] me. 他给我一个飞吻。

kitchen[5kItFIn] n. [C]厨房,灶间:My mother has been slaving away all weekend in the kitchen.整个周末,我母亲一直在厨房里忙碌。

kite[kaIt] n. [C]风筝:The children are flying kites. 孩子们在放风筝。

knee[ni:] n. [C]膝盖;(坐姿时)腿部:He went down on his knees and begged for mercy. 他跪下求饶。

knife[naIf] n.[C]小刀:Set the table with knives and forks. 在桌上摆好刀叉。

knock[nRk] v.& n.[C]敲,打;相撞:There was a knock at his door. 有人敲他的门。/ Please knock (at/on the door) before entering. 进屋之前请先敲门。

know[nEJ] v.(knew, known)懂得;了解;知道;认识:Do you know why he was late? 你知道他为什么迟到吗?/ I’ve never known it (to) snow in July before. 我以前从未听说过七月份会下雪。

【短语】know of (about)…(间接)知道 / know nothing about… 对…一无所知 / know from 区分

【用法】其后不能直接跟不定式作宾语,但若不定式前有连接代(副)词则可以,如不说He knows to swim,而说He knows how to swim(他会游泳)。

【比较】be known as=著称,被认识 / be known for 因为…出名 / be known to=为…所知

knowledge[5nClIdV] n. [U]知识,学问;知道,了解,熟悉:Knowledge is power. (谚)知识就是力量。/ Knowledge begins with practice. 认识从实践开始。

【用法】1.汉语中说“英语知识”、“历史知识”等,说成英语通常是 the knowledge of English, the knowledge of history等,而不是 English knowledge, history knowledge等。2.是不可数名词,但有时可与不定冠词连用,表示某种程度的知识:He has a knowledge of music. 他懂点音乐。3.要表示“学习”知识,英语习惯上不用动词study,而用get, gain, obtain, acquire 等。

 

 

L

 

lab[lAb] n.[C]实验室:laboratory equipment 实验室设备

labo(u)r[5leIbE] n.[U]劳动:According the Law of Labour, bosses can’t fire workers at will any longer. 根据劳动法,老板们再也不可以任意解雇工人了。

lack[lAk] v.& n.[U,C]缺乏,缺少,没有:What she lacks is experience. 她缺的是经验。/ Lack of rest made her tired. 她因缺乏休息而感到疲倦。/ The plants died for [through] lack of water. 这些植物因为缺水而死了。

【用法】1.用作名词时,其后可接of;用作动词时,及物,其后不能接of2.用作动词时,通常不用于进行时态或被动语态,但be lacking 是习语,尤其用于be lacking for [in] 等搭配中:Money was lacking for the plan. 这项计划缺乏资金。/ Humour is lacking in his speeches. 他讲话缺乏幽默。

ladder[5lAdE] n. [C]梯子:Some people say it is unlucky to walk under a ladder. 有人说在梯子下面走过去是不吉利的。

lady[5leIdI] n. [C]女士,夫人,小姐:Ladies and Gentlemen 女士们,先生们 / ladies [lady] first 女士优先

lake[leIk] n. [C]湖:the Dongting Lake 洞庭湖 / Let’s have a row on the lake. 我们去湖上划船吧。

lamp[lAmp] n. [C]灯,油灯:put out a lamp 熄灯 / turn on (off) a lamp 开(关)灯

【说明】可指电灯或油灯。

land[lAnd] vt.(使)登陆,(使)上岸,(使)降落 n.[U]陆地,土地:The plane will land in five minutes. 飞机将在五分钟后降落。/ Did you come by land or by sea? 你是从陆路来的还是从海路来的?

language[5lANgwIdV] n.[C,U]语言:People in different countries speak different languages. 不同国家的人说不同的语言。/ Language is an instrument for communication. 语言是交际的工具。

large[lB:dV] adj.大的,巨大的:A large number of their students are Asians. 他们的很多学生是亚洲人。/ in large numbers 大量地 / in large quantities 大量地

last[lB:st] adj.& adv.最后的(地),最后刚过去的,上一次n. [C]最后 v.持续:There were strong winds last night. 昨晚刮大风。/ When did you see her last? 你上次是何时碰到她的? / She was the last to arrive. 她是最后到的。

【短语】at last 最后,终于 / in the last five (few) years 在过去五(几)年中(通常连用现在完成时)

late[leIt] adj.& adv.晚的(地),迟的(地):Don’t be late for class again. 上课别再迟到了。/ The train arrived five minutes late. 火车晚点五分钟。

【比较】be late for doing sthbe late in doing sth:前者指做某事迟到,后者指做某事做得迟(此时也可换成be late with sth):We were late in having lunch today.= We were late with lunch today. 我们今天午饭吃得迟。

【短语】as late as 迟至 / at the latest 至迟,最迟

lately[5leItlI] adv.最近,不久前:Have you seen her lately? 你最近见到她了吗?

later[5leItE] adv.之后;不久;后来:sooner or later 迟早 / Later on he realized his mistake. 后来他意识到了自己的错误。

laugh[lB:f] v.笑,大笑;嘲笑;笑得使n.[C]笑,笑声:She can’t bear being laughed at. 她受不了别人的嘲笑。

law[lC:] n.[U]法律 [C]法律条款;法则,定律:It was against the law. 这是违法的。/ The law will soon take effect. 这条法律即将生效。

lawyer[5lR:jE] n. [C]律师:The lawyer examined the witness. 律师讯问了证人。

lay[leI](laid, laid) v.放,摆;使处于某种状态;产卵:Lay it on the floor. 把它放在地上。/ Will you please lay the table for dinner? 请你摆好餐具准备吃饭好吗? / These hens are laying well. 这些母鸡产蛋很多。

【注意】不要将它与lie(躺,位于)的过去式(lay)相混淆。

lazy[5leIzI] adj.懒惰的,懒散的:He was too lazy. 他太懒。

lead[li:d](led, led) v.领导,带领;领先,率先;过…生活:He leads a quiet life in the country. 他在乡下过着安静的生活。

【比较】lead sb in doing sthlead sb to do sth:前者指领导(带领)某人做某事,后者指使某人做某事(有时有误导之意):Our Party leads us in building socialism. 党领导我们建设社会主义。/ What he said led us to believe that he was rich. 他说的话使我们相信他有很多钱。

【短语】lead to 通向(某地),导致(某种结果)

leaf[li:f](leaves) n.[C](树)叶;(书刊等的)张(包括正反两面,相当于two pages):In fall the leaves change from green to brown. 秋天,树叶由绿变成褐色。

league[li:g] n.[C]同盟,联盟;(足球等)联合会,联赛:He joined the League last year. 他去年入了团。/ Our team is at the top of the football league this year. 我们队是今年足球联赛中最好的队。

learn[lE:n] v.(learnt, learntlearned, learned) 学习;听说,获悉:Never too old to learn. (谚)活到老学到老。/ Study hard and make progress every day. 好好学习,天天向上。

【短语】learn of 听说 / learn about [of] 听说关于…的情况 / learn from 从…得知,从(向)…学习

least[li:st] adj.& n.最小(的);最少(的) adv.最少地:He has least money of us all. 在我们所有人当中他最没有钱。

【短语】at least 至少 / in the least 一点(也不),丝毫(不)(主要用于否定句)

leave[li:v] v.(left, left)离开;把…留下;剩下:He left for Paris. 他动身去巴黎了。/ He left the windows open. 他让窗子开着。

【比较】1.leave sb doing sthleave sb to do sth:前者指让某人做某事(处于做某事的状态中),后者指让某人去做某事:His letter left me feeling pretty bad. 他的信让我感到很难受。/ We’re leaving him to do it. 我们打算让他去做这事。2. leave sth for sbleave sth to sb:前者指给某人留下某物(也可说成leave sb sth),后者指把某物交给(委托给)某人(其中的to也可换成with):Someone left this note for you.= Someone left you this note. 有人给你留下了这张条子。/ You’d better leave the matter to [with] me. 你最好把这事交给我办。

lecture[5lektFE] v.& n.[C]演讲,讲座,讲课:a lecture on the situation 形势讲座

left[left] n.(用单数)左,左边 adj.左的,左边的 adv.向左:The school is on the left of the road. 学校在马路的左边。Go right to the end of this street and then turn left. 一直走到这条街的尽头,然后左转。

leg[leg] n. [C]腿;一段旅程(赛程,路程):My right leg hurts. 我右脚疼。/ the last leg of the flight 飞行中的最后一段路程

lend[lend] v.(lent, lent)把…借给:He lent me nothing.=He lent nothing to me. 他什么也没借给我。

length[leNW] n. [U]长,长度:The rope is 5 metres in length. 这根绳子5米长。/ The length of the movie is two hours. 影片长两小时。

【短语】at length 最后,终于;详细地,彻底地

less[les] adj.更少的;较少的 adv.更少地;较少地:We must do more with less money. 我们要少花钱多办事。/ Jane is less beautiful than Mary. 简不如玛丽漂亮。

【短语】less and less 越来越小(少) / less than (指数量)不到;比…(小)少 / less...than 不像(如)…;不如…多;与其…不如… / no less than 多达,有…之多(强调数量之多);简直,与…没差别 / no less...than 与…一样,不比…差(强调有同等性)

lesson[5lesn] n. [C]课,功课;教训:It is a lesson to me. 这对我是一个教训。

let[let] v.(let, let)让,允许;出租:Let him (come) in. 让他进来。/ Let’s go swimming on Sunday. 我们星期日去游泳吧!

【用法】1.表示“让”时,其后用作宾语补足语的不定式不能带 to2. let’s的否定式可以是 let’s notdon’t let’sLet’s not hurry.=Don’t let’s hurry. 我们不要太急。3.表示“出租”时,通常用主动形式表示被动意义:The house is to let. 房屋出租。

letter[5letE] n.[C]字母;信:She tore the letter into tiny pieces. 她把信撕得粉碎。

level[5lev?l] n. [C,U]水平面,层面;水准,程度,级别 adj.水平的;平坦的;平等的;同一水平的:artistic level艺术水平 / Some streets are not level in the city. 城里有几条街道不平坦。

liberate[5lIbEreIt] vt.解放,释放,使自由:All the prisoners were liberated. 所有犯人都释放了。

liberation[7lIbE5reIFEn]n. [U]解放:women’s liberation 妇女解放运动

librarian[laI5brZErIEn] n. [C]图书馆馆长,图书管理员:The librarian called in all the books. 图书管理员把书全部收了回去。

library[5laIbrErI] n. [C]图书馆:The library is open every day. 图书馆每天都开。

lie1[laI] vi.说谎 n.[C]谎言,假话:He lied about his age. 他谎报年龄。

【说明】动词lie表示“说谎”时,是规则动词(过去式和过去分词均为lied);表示“趟”、“卧”、“平放”、“位于”等,是不规则动词(过去式为lay,过去分词为lain)。但无论表示哪个意思,其现在分词均为lying

lie2[laI](lay, lain) vi. 躺,卧,平放;位于,在…位置;保持…状态:She lay down on her bed. 她躺在床上。/ That’s where the real danger lies. 那是真正的危险所在。

【注意】不要将过去式(lay)与动词原形lay(放,置,下蛋)混淆。

life[laIf] n. [C,U]生命,人生;一生;生活:He’s lived here all his life. 他一辈子住在这里。/ May you have a long and happy life! 祝你快乐长寿!

lifetime[5laIftaIm] n. [C]一生,终生:during one’s lifetime 一生

lift[lIft] vt.提起,举起 n.[C]升举,提;(英)电梯;搭便车:He is not strong enough to lift the box. 他力气不够大提不起这个箱子。/ Could you give me a lift? 你可否让我搭你的车?

light[laIt] n. [U]光,光线;日光 [C]电灯,电筒 v.点火;照亮 adj. 轻的;浅色的:Light travels faster than sound. 光的速度比声音快。/ Why did you leave the light on? 你为什么让灯开着? / He lit [lighted] a cigarette. 他点燃了一支烟。

【用法】用作动词时,过去式和过去分词可用lightedlit,其区别是:一般情况下多用lit,若用于名词前作定语,则用lighted,但若用作定语的lighted受到副词的修饰,则多用lit

lighting[5laItIN] n. [U]照明,点火:The lighting of fires here is forbidden. 在这里生火是禁止的。

lightning[5laItnIN] n.[U]闪电:Lightning plays in the sky. 空中电光闪闪。

like1[laIk] v.喜欢;想要:I’d like to stay at home. 我想呆在家里。/ How do you like the film? 你觉得这部电影怎么样?

【用法】1.后接动词作宾语时,用不定式或动名词均可:Many people like to watch [watching] TV at night. 许多人喜欢晚上看电视。2.后接ifwhen引导的从句时,应在其后加itI don’t like it when she tells me how to do things. 我不喜欢她对我做事指手划脚。

like2[laIk] prep.像,跟…一样;例如,诸如conj.(口语)像…一样:She’s very (much) like her mother. 她很像她妈妈。

limit[5lImIt] n.[C](事物的)界限,限度;范围 vt.限定,限制:He knows his own limits.他自知能力有限。/ Limit your answer to yes or no. 你只要回答是还是否。

line[laIn] n. [C]线,线条;绳;排;电话线;短信;(常用复)台词 v.划线(于);(使)沿…排成行:The children are standing in line. 孩子们排成一行。/ We lined up to buy tickets. 我们排队买票。/ The road is lined with trees. 路的两边种着树。

【短语】drop (sb) a line (给某人)写封短信 / hold the line (电话用语)等一下

lion[5laIEn] n.[C]狮子:The lion is the king of beasts. 狮子为万兽之王。

lip[lIp]n.[C]嘴唇:He kissed her on the lips. 他吻了她的嘴唇。

list[lIst] n.[C]一览表,清单vt.把…列表(造册):His name appears second on the list. 他名列第二。

listen[5lIsn] vi.听:I listened but heard nothing. 我听了听,但什么也没听到。

【短语】listen to 听… / listen for 听着等候…(的声音) / listen in 收听(广播);偷听

litre(liter)[5li:tE] n. [C]升,公升:a litre of oil 一升油

little[5lItl](less, least) adj.小的,幼小的;不重要的;(表否定)几乎没有n.& pron. (连用a) (表肯定)一点,少许;(表否定)少到几乎没有 adv. (表否定)几乎没有,几乎不,毫不:He knew a little of everything. 他什么都知道一点。/ She had little spare time. 她空余时间很少。/ He’s a little bit better now. 现在他稍好一点儿了。

【比较】1.littlea little:两者均可表示“少”,后接不可数名词,但前者表示否定意义,表示很少或少到几乎没有;后者表示肯定意义,表示量虽少,但毕竟还有。2. not a littlenot a bit:前者意为“很”,后者意为“一点也不”。

live1[lIv] v.活,生存;生活,居住;过…样的生活:They live by honest labour. 他们靠诚实劳动过活。/ The Chinese live on rice. 中国人以大米为主食。

live2[laiv] adj.活的,有生命的;带电的;实况的,直播的 adv.现场:live fish 活鱼 / The race will be telecast live. 比赛将有电视现场播出。

lively[5laIvlI] adj.生动的,活泼的;有生气的:The music is bright and lively. 这音乐活泼轻快。

living[5lIvIN] adj.活着的 n.[C,U]生活,谋生:He makes his living by teaching English [as a teacher of English]. 他靠教英语为生。

living-room[5lIvINrJm]n.[C]起居室,客厅:in the living-room 在客厅

load[lEJd] n.[C]负担,担子,重载v.装载,载满:He set his load down. 他把重物放了下来。/ We loaded the truck with bananas. 我们把香蕉装上卡车。

loaf[lEJf] n. [C](通常较大的)长面包,一个面包:Half a loaf is better than no bread. 半块面包总胜于全无面包(有比没有好)。

lock[lRk] n.[C]锁 v.锁上,锁住:Remember to lock the door. 记得锁门。

lonely[5lEJlI] adj.孤独的,寂寞的,荒凉的:I’m surprised that he should feel lonely. 我很惊讶他竟感到孤独。

long[lRN] adj.(指距离)长,远;(时间)长 adv.长久 n.长期间 v.渴望:I can’t stay here long. 我不能在这儿呆很久。

【短语】before long 不久以后,很快 / long ago 很久以前 / long before 很久以前 / as long as 与…一样长(久);只要 / for long 很久,好久 / no longer=not...any longer 不再

look[lJk] n. [C]看;表情,外表v.看,看起来:I looked but saw nothing. 我看了看,但什么也没看见。

【短语】look about [around] 环顾四周,到处看 / look after 照顾,照料 / look at 看,注视,看待 / look down on [upon] 看不起,瞧不起 / look for 寻找,期待 / look forward to 期待,盼望(to为介词) / look in (顺便)来访 / look into 调查,了解 / look like 看起来像,好像要 / look on 旁观;看作 / look out 向外看,当心 / look over 审阅,翻阅,打量,检查 / look through 翻阅,浏览 / look to 注意,负责 / look up 查阅,查找;看望,拜访 / look up to 尊敬

lorry[5lRrI] n.[C]卡车,运货汽车:Look out. There is a lorry coming. 当心! 有辆卡车开过来了。

lose[lu:z]v. (lost, lost)丢失,丧失;输:I lost my keys. 我的钥匙丢了。/ Our team lost the football match. 我们队足球比赛输了。

【短语】be lost in 陷入(沉思等),全神贯注于,为…所吸引

loss[lRs] n.[U]丧失,损失 [C]亏损,损失物:Loss of health is worse than loss of wealth. 丧失健康比丢失金钱更糟。

【短语】at a loss 不知所措,不知如何是好

lot[lRt] n.(连用a或用复数)很多:I picked lots of flowers. 我摘了许多花。/ He has quite a lot of friends. 他有很多朋友。/ He is a lot better today. 他今天好多了。

loud[laJd] adj.& adv.大声的(地),响亮的(地):He has a loud voice. 他嗓子大。/ You needn’t talk so loud. 你不必这么大声讲话。

love[lQv] v.& n.爱,热爱,很喜欢:Children love playing [to play]. 儿童爱玩。/ She fell in love with her teacher. 她爱上了自己的老师。

【短语】1.后接动词作宾语时,用不定式或动名词均可。但 would [should] love后却只能接不定式:I’d love to go with them. 我想同他们一起去。2.当其后接有ifwhen 引导的从句时,应在其后加上itShe won’t love it if you arrive late. 她不喜欢人迟到。

lovely[5lQvlI] adj.可爱的,好看的,使人愉快的:What lovely flowers those are! 那些花多么好看啊! / She looks really lovely. 她看起来的确可爱。

low[lEJ] adj.& adv.低,矮:He sold it at a low price. 他低价卖了它。

luck[lQk] n.[U]运气,好运:Good-bye and good luck to you. 再见,祝你好运。/ I’m quite out of luck today. 我今天真倒霉。

luggage[5lQgIdV] n.[U](总称)行李(=baggage):a piece of luggage 一件行李 / Have you checked all your luggage? 你所有的行李都托运了吗?

【用法】baggage

lunch[lQntF] n.[U]午餐,午饭:Lunch is from eleven to one. 午饭从11点供应到1点。/ He had a plate of beef for lunch. 他午餐吃了一盘牛肉。