魔兽世界 恐惧空间:高考英语词汇用法详释(2)

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高考英语考纲词汇用法详解(2)

 

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baby[5beIbI] n.[C]婴儿,幼畜,幼鸟 adj.婴儿的,微型的:She is going to have a baby. 她就要生小孩了。/ a baby elephant 小象

back[bAk] n.[C]背部,后面 adv.向后,回(原处) adj.后面的 v.(使)倒退:I’ll be back in a minute. 我马上就回来。/ Let’s try knocking at the back door. 咱们敲后边的门试试。

【短语】at back of 在…后面 / at the back of 在…的后面(范围之外);在…的后部(范围之内) / in the back of 在…后部 / back to back 背靠背

bad[bAd] adj.(worse, worst)坏的,不正确的;使人不愉快的;严重的:He’s got a bad cold. 他得了重感冒。/ Smoking is bad for health. 抽烟对身体有害。

badly[5bAdlI]adv. (worse, worst)坏地,恶劣地:I slept very badly last night. 昨天夜里我睡得很不好。/ He spoke badly of his boss. 他说他老板的坏话。

【用法】在口语中,可用于表示“迫切地”、“非常”,通常与 want, need, be in need of 等连用:He wants to come badly. 他非常想来。

bag[bAg] n. [C]书包,提包,袋子:a shopping bag 购物袋

baggage[5bAgIdV] n. [U](美)行李:They examined all baggage at the airport. 他们在机场检查了所有行李。

【用法】不可数,没有复数形式,也不能与不定冠词、数词以及 many, few, a few, several 等词连用。若要表示行李的具体数量, 可用单位词 piece (article):five pieces [articles] of baggage 五件行李

bake[beIk] v.烤,烘,焙:baked chicken 烤鸡肉

ball[bR:l] n. [C]球;舞会:He passed [threw] the ball to me. 他把球传给了我。

balloon[bE5lu:n] n. [C]气球:He crossed the river in a balloon. 他乘气球过河。

banana[bE5nB:nE] n. [C]香蕉:a banana 一根香蕉 / three bananas 三根香蕉

bank[bANk] n. [C]银行,(河,海湖的)岸,堤:He lives on the south bank of the river. 他住在河的南岸。/ He put his money in the bank. 他把钱存入银行。

bargain[5bB:gIn] n.[C]协议,合同;(经过讨价还价之后)成交的商品,廉价货v.议价,讨价还价;提出条件:It’s a real bargain. 真便宜。/ That’s [It’s] a bargain. 就这么说定了(或一言为定)。/ If you bargain with them they might reduce the price. 你讲讲价,他们可能会把价钱降低。

base[beIs] n.[C]基础,基地,根据地 vt.基于,以…作根据:This news report is based on fact. 这篇新闻报导是根据实际情况写成的。

basic[5beIsIk] adj.基础的,基本的:Now I have a basic understanding of the matter. 现在我对这事有了基本的了解。

basin[5beIsIn]n.[C]脸盆,水盆;流域:Go and get a basin of hot water. 去弄盆热水来。/ The Amazon Basin is very large. 亚马逊河流域很大。

basket[5bB:skIt] n.[C]篮子:a wastepaper basket 字纸篓

basketball[5bB:skItbR:l] n. [C]篮球 [U]篮球运动:Let’s go and play basketball. 我们去打篮球吧。/ This basketball is better than that one. 这个篮球比那个好。

bath[bB:W] n. [C]洗澡;澡盆 v. 洗澡,给(孩子)洗澡:He had a bath and then went to bed. 他洗了个澡,然后睡觉了。/ I usually bath at night. 我通常晚上洗澡。

bathe[beIT] v.浸,洗,(在河或海里)洗浴,游泳 n.(用单数)游泳:Tears bathed his cheeks. 他泪流满面。/ Will you help me bathe the baby? 你能帮我替孩子洗澡吗?

【辨析】bathbathe:前者主要指在室内“洗澡”,后者则通常指到室外的河里或湖里等去游泳:go for a bathe 去游泳

bathroom[5bB:Wru:m] n.[C]浴室,(美)厕所,澡堂:The bathroom is upstairs. 洗澡间在楼上。/ She went into the bathroom and took a shower. 她到浴室去淋浴。

battle[5bAtl] n.[C]战斗,竞争 v. 战斗,作战,竞争:He has proved his courage in battle. 他已在战斗中证明了自己的勇气。/ The sailors battled with the winds and waves.水手们与风浪搏斗。

be[bI(:)]v.(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)是;在;成为

beach[5bi:tF] n.[C]海滩,(海,河,湖等)滨:The children are playing on [at] the beach. 孩子们在海滩玩耍。/ I spent a day on [at] the beach. 我在海滩上度过了一天。

bear[bZE] n.[C]熊v.忍受;载运,负荷;有,显示;怀有;生(孩子),生产(农作物或水果):He was born of a wealthy family. 他出身富门。/ Different trees bear different fruits. 什么样的树结什么样的果。

【用法】1.用于 can’t bear,意为“不能忍受”,其后接不定式或动名词均可:I can’t bear living [to live] alone. 一个人独居我受不了。2.表示“出生”时,用be born,其他过去分词用borneHe was borne by an English woman. 他是一个英国妇女生的。

beard[bIEd] n.[C]胡须,络腮胡子:He wears [grows, has] a long beard. 他留有长胡子。

【辨析】beard 指下巴上的“胡须”,moustache 指嘴上的“胡须”,whiskers 指腮上的“胡须”。

【用法】a beard指一个人的所有胡须,而不是指一根胡须;类似地,其复数形式 beards 指的是多个人的胡须,而不是指多根胡须。

beat[bi:t] v.(beat, beaten)敲打,(脉,心脏)跳动,打胜,打赢:My heart beat fast at the sight of him. 一看见他,我的心跳就加快。/ He beat me in maths. 他的数学比我学得好。

【辨析】beatwin:见win

beautiful[5bju:tEfJl] adj.美丽的,漂亮的,优美的:The scenery in the mountains is very beautiful. 山里的景色非常美。/ That’s a beautiful shot. 那一枪打得真准。

beauty[5bju:tI] n.[U]美 [C]美人:She is really a beauty. 她的确是个大美人。

because[bI5kRz] conj.因为,由于:He was angry because we were late. 他很生气因为我们迟到了。

【用法】1. becausebecause of不同:前者为连词,引导从句;后者为复合介词,后接名词、代词或相当于名(代)词的成分(包括what从句)。2.不要将汉语中的“因为…所以…”直译为becauseso…。

become[bI5kQm] v.(became, become)变得,成为;适合(某人),与…相称:She has become a doctor. 她已成为一名医生。/ This color becomes you. 这颜色适合你。

【用法】其后不接不定式表示“逐渐”,可改用come [begin]+不定式:He began [came] to like the girl. 他开始喜欢起这个女孩来。(不能用became)

bed[bed] n. [C,U]床,卧床,睡觉:She lay down on her bed. 她躺在床上。

【用法】1.表示“睡觉”时,通常不用冠词或其他限定词;表示实实在在的“床”时,则可用。2.与介词in, into, out of等连用时,通常不用冠词:lie in bed 躺在床上 / get into bed 上床 / jump out of bed 跳下床

bedroom[5bedrJm]n.[C]卧室:They have a large bedroom. 他们有一间大卧室。

bee[bi:] n. [C]蜜蜂:He is as busy as a bee. 他忙得团团转。

beef[bi:f] n.[U]牛肉:The beef is overdone. 牛肉煮得太老。

beer[bIE] n.[U,C] 啤酒,一杯(一瓶)啤酒:Would you like a (glass of ) beer? 您要不要喝(杯)啤酒? / Three beers, please. 请来三杯啤酒。

before[bI5fR:] prep.在…前面,在…以前 conj.在…之前adv.以前:Knock on the door before you enter. 进屋之前要先敲门。/ I have never met him before. 以前我从来没有见过他。

【比较】before long 不久以后 / long before 很久以前

begin[bI5gIn] v.(began, begun)开始,着手:The bell rang for the lesson to begin. 开始上课的铃响了。/ Once you begin you must continue. 你一旦开始,便不可停下来。

【用法】1.有时用于进行时态,表示“慢慢开始”、“逐渐”:He was beginning to miss her. 他慢慢开始想念她了。2.其后接不定式或动名词均可,含义基本相同:The band began to play [playing]. 乐队开始演奏。但是,当begin 本身是-ing形式时或后接表心理活动的动词时,则只能接不定式:He began to like poetry when he was a boy. 他还是孩子时就开始喜欢诗歌。

beginning[bI5gInIN] n. [C]开始,开端,起源:Of course that’s only a beginning. 当然这只是一个开头。

【短语】at [in] the beginning 起初,在开始时 / at the beginning of 在…之初,在…开始时 / from the beginning 从开始,从一开始

behind[bI5haInd] prep.在…后面 adv.在后面:He was behind the others in ability. 他的能力比其他人差。/ If winter comescan spring be far behind? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?

【短语】fall [drop] behind 落在后面,落后

believe[bI5li:v] v.相信,想,认为:You can’t believe anything she says. 你不能相信她说的话。/ I believe he has come. 我想他已经来了。

【比较】believe sb=相信某人的话是真的,believe in sb=相信某人为人可靠,believe in sth=相信…的存在,相信…的真实性

bell[bel] n. [C]钟,铃,钟(铃)声,钟形物:He rang the bell but no one came to the door. 他按了门铃,可是没有人来开门。

belong[bI5lRN] v.属于,为…所有:They belonged to a younger generation. 他们属于年轻的一代。

【用法】1.不及物,不用于被动语态,也不用于进行时态。2.表示“属…所有”时,其后接介词to,但若表示“某物应归入(位于)…”,则后接介词 in, under, with等:The pan belongs under the sink. 锅应放在洗碗池下面。

below[bI5lEJ]adv.在下面,向下 prep.在…下面:The temperature was 20 degrees below zero. 温度为零下20度。/ He was below the standard required. 他没达到要求的水平。

【辨析】belowunderunder 主要表示垂直在下的正下方,而 below 则不一定表示正下方(即可以是正下方或非正下方)。

belt[belt] n.[C]腰带,带 vt.系上:a waist belt 腰带 / safety belt 安全带

bench[bentF] n.[C]长凳,工作台:repair bench 修理台

bend[bend] v.(bent, bent)使弯腰,弯曲,专心于:He bent down [over] to tie his shoe. 他弯腰系鞋带。/ He bent his mind to the job. 他专心于他的工作。

beside[bI5saId] prep.在…旁边,在…附近:Standing beside the table was an interpreter. 站在桌旁的是一位翻译。

besides[bI5saIdz]adv. 此外,而且 prep. 除…之外:To begin with, it is too cold. Besides, we’ve no money. 首先,天气太冷,再者我们也没有钱。/ We all agreed besides him. 除了他之外,我们也都同意。

【辨析】besidesexceptbesides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有…”;而 except表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有…”。

best[best] adj.& n.最好的(人或物):I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你留在这里最好。

【短语】do one’s best 尽最大的努力 / make the best of 尽量利用,善用 / at (the) best 充其量,至多 / had best 最好,应该(=had better)

better[5betE] adj.较好的,更好的:Any is better than none. 有点总比没有好。

【短语】had better 最好,应该(后接动词原形)

between[bI5twi:n] prep.在(两者)之间;在…中间:I sat between them. 我坐在他们两人之间。/ He had to choose between death and dishonour. 他必须在死亡和屈辱之间做出选择。

beyond[bI5jRnd] prep.在…那边,晚于,超出 adv.在(往)更远处:The house is beyond the bridge. 房子在桥那边。/ The explanation you give is beyond me. 你做的解释我不懂。/ Good advice is beyond price. (谚)有益的忠告是无价之宝。

bicycle[5baIsIkl] / bike[baIk]n.[C]自行车,脚踏车:She goes to work on her [by] bicycle. 她骑自行车上班。

big[bIg] adj.大的;重要的:Ours is a big family. 我们家人口很多。/ He made a big mistake. 他犯了个大错误。

bill[bIl] n.[C]账单,清单,法案,议案,告示,(美)钞票,纸币 vt.通告,宣布:Waiter, bill please. 服务员,买单。/ Mary won’t pay this bill. 玛丽不肯付这笔钱。/ The bill was passed. 这法案获得通过。

【用法】表示账单的数额,其后通常用介词forThe shop sent me a bill for $800. 商店给我送来了一张800元的账单。

billion[5bIljEn] num.(英,德)百亿,兆,无数(美,法)十亿:Billions of stars twinkled in the sky. 无数星星在天空闪烁。

biology[baI5RlEdVI] n.[U]生物学:He is a biology professor. 他是生物教授。

bird[bE:d] n. [C]鸟,禽类:Most birds can fly. 多数的鸟会飞。

birth[bE:W] n. [C,U]出生,诞生:The exact date of his birth is not known.他出生的确切日期无人知道。/ He is a man of low birth. 他出身低微。

【短语】give birth to 生产(小孩) / by birth 在血统上,生来,天生地

birthday[5bE:WdeI] n.[C]生日:Happy birthday to you! 祝你生日快乐! / Today is my grandfather’s sixtieth birthday. 今天是我爷爷的60大寿。

birthplace[5bE:WpleIs] n.[C]出生地,(重要事件的)发源地

biscuit[5bIskIt] n. [C] (英)饼干,(美)果料小点心:a box of biscuits一盒饼干 / They fed him on biscuits. 他们用饼干喂他。

bit[bIt] n.少量,一点,一些:She is a bit like my sister. 她有点像我姐姐。/ He’s feeling a bit [=a little] better. 他感觉好些了。

【短语】a bit of 一点儿,有点儿 / bit by bit=by bits 一点一点地,逐渐地

【比较】a bita little:在肯定句中两者意思比较接近,但在否定句中意思区别很大:I’m not a bit tired. 我一点也不累。/ I’m not a little tired. 我很累。

bite[baIt] v.(bit, bitten)咬,迷住,(鱼)上钩 n. [C]咬,伤痛:Barking dogs seldom bite. (谚)爱叫的狗很少咬人。/ There seems to be a bite to his words. 他话里似乎带刺。

bitter[5bItE] adj.有苦味的,苦的;刺痛的(寒冷,风等);痛苦的;悲伤的:The medicine tastes bitter. 这药有苦味。/ She has a bitter tongue. 她说话刻薄。

blackboard[5blAkbR:d] n.[C]黑板:Please look at the blackboard. 请看黑板。

blame[bleIm] vt.责备,谴责 n. [U]过失,责备:I don’t blame you for doing that. 我不责备你做了那事。/ He put [laid] all the blame on me. 他把一切都归咎于我。

【用法】1.下面两句结构不同,但意思相同:He blamed the failure on me.= He blamed me for the failure. 他把失败归咎于我。2. be to blame 虽为主动形式,却表示被动意义:You are not to blame for what happened. 对所发生的事不该怪你。

blanket[5blANkIt] n.[C]毯子,毛毯:Cotton blankets are generally cheapest. 棉毛毯一般最便宜。

blind[blaInd] adj.瞎的,缺乏理解力的:He is blind in both eyes. 他双目失明。/ The blind are leading the blind. 盲人在给盲人领路。

block[blRk] n. [C]大块;一组,一批;街区;阻塞vt.阻塞,拦阻:The store is three blocks away. 那家商店距此三条街。

blood[blQd] n. [U]血:Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。

blouse[blaJz] n. [C](妇女穿的)短上衣,女衬衫:A button of my blouse has come off. 我上衣的一个纽扣掉了。

blow[blEJ]v.(blew, blown)吹,刮风,吹气 n. [C]打,打击:Two trees were blown down in the storm. 在暴风雨中两棵树被风刮倒。/ He gave me a blow in the eye. 他冲着我的眼睛打了一拳。

【用法】用作名词可表示“打击”,但用作动词时并无此意,如“他给我重重地一击”可译为He struck me heavilyHe gave me a heavy blow,但不能译为He blew me heavily.

blue[blU:] n. [C,U]蓝色 adj.蓝色的,沮丧的,忧郁的:She has got blue eyes. 她有一双蓝眼睛。/ I’m feeling rather blue today. 我今天觉得很沮丧。

board[bR:d] n. [C,U]木板;膳食费用;委员会,董事会vt.上(船,飞机等):We will provide room and board for them. 我们将提供他们的食宿。/ Passengers checked their baggage before boarding the plane. 旅客上飞机前托运了行李。

boat[bEJt] n.[C]小船,小艇 vi.划船,乘船:We crossed the river in a boat. 我们乘一条小船过了河。/ We shall go boating on the lake on Saturday. 我们星期六到湖上去划船。

body[5bRdI] n.[C]身体,躯体,尸体,正文:He loves her body and soul. 他真心实意爱她。/ He does his work body and soul. 他全心全意地工作。

【说明】body是相对于精神(mind, spirit, soul)的身体以及侧重指躯体的身体,不用于指健康状况的“身体”,如“他身体健康”不能译为His body is healthy,可译为He is in good health.或 He is healthy.

boil[bRIl] v.(水,液体)沸腾;(水)开,用开水煮;使(水,液体)沸腾:boiling water 正在沸腾的水 / boiled water 开水(已经开过的水)

bone[bEJn] n.[C]骨(头),(鱼)刺:She is all skin and bones. 她骨瘦如柴。

book[bJk] n.[C]书,本子 vt.预定(房间,票等):Here is the telephone book. 电话簿在这。/ I want to book a ticket for Beijing. 我想订一张去北京的票。

born[bR:n] v.(动词bear的过去分词)出生 adj.天生的,生来的:I was born in 1962. 我生于1962年。/ He is a born poet. 他是天生的诗人。

borrow[5bRrEJ] v.(向别人)借,借用:Can I borrow two books at a time? 我能一次借两本书吗?

【用法】1.一般不接双宾语,若要表示类似意思可用 borrow sth from sb2.有时与一段时间连用,表示借来使用的时间:He borrowed a car from a friend for a few days. 他借朋友的车子用了几天。

boss[bRs] n. [C]老板,领班:Don’t call meboss”. 不要叫我“老板”。/ He wants to marry his boss’s daughter. 他想娶他老板的女儿。

both[bEJW] adj.两,双 pron.两者,两人,双方:Why not use both? 何不两者都用? / He speaks both English and French. 他既说英语也说法语。

bother[5bRTE] v.& n.打扰,烦扰,麻烦:Don’t bother him to do it for you. 别去麻烦他去为你做这事。/ They didn’t bother about [with] that. 他们对那件事并不感到焦急。/ Did you have much bother (in) finding his office? 你是不是费了很大的劲才找到他的办公室?

【用法】后接动词时,用不定式或动名词均可:Don’t bother to lock [locking] the door. 别费事锁门了。

bottle[bRtl] n.[C]瓶子 (连用the)酒 v.用瓶子装:John’s on the bottle again! 约翰又在喝酒了! / This is where they bottle the milk. 在这里他们用瓶子装牛奶。

bottom[5bRtEm] n.[C]底;末端:He is at the bottom of the class. 他在班上排名最后。

bowl[bEJl] n.[C]碗:A bowl of hot chicken soup is good for you. 喝一碗热鸡汤对你有好处。

box[bRks] n. [C]箱子,盒子,匣子 v.拳击:We used boxes for chairs. 我们用箱子当椅子坐。/ They boxed (with) each other. 他们互相拳击。

boy[bRI] n. [C]男孩,男仆:The boy cried for help. 男孩大声呼救。

brain[breIn] n. [C,U]脑子,大脑;(复)头脑,脑力:He hasn’t got much brain. 他没什么头脑。/ He has very little brains. 他没什么头脑。/ Use your brain(s). 动动脑子。/ Where’s your brains? 你的脑子到哪里去了(你怎么不动动脑子)?

【用法】表示“头脑”、“智力”等,不可数,但也可拼为 brains(仍不可数),如可说 much brain(s)或 little brain(s),但不说 many brainsfew brains。不过值得注意的是,brain 表示此义时虽为不可数名词,但却可与不定冠词连用:He has a good brain. 他头脑好。

branch[brB:ntF] n.[C]树枝;分部,分支,部门;支流:This river has two main branches. 这条河有两条主要的支流。/ Her father is the secretary of the Party branch. 她父亲是这个党支部的书记。

brave[breIv] adj.勇敢的:It was brave of him to enter the burning building.=He was brave to enter the burning building. 他敢进入那燃烧的建筑,真是勇敢。

bread[bred] n.[U]面包,生计:He doesn’t just write for fun. Writing is his bread and butter. 他写作不只为了乐趣,写作是他的饭碗。

break[breIk] v.(broke broken)打破,折断,打碎n. [C]休息:I admitted breaking the window. 我承认打破了窗子。/ Let’s take a short break for lunch. 我们休息一下吃中饭。

【短语】break away (from) 突然逃掉;脱离;破除 / break down 坏,失败,中断 / break in 突然进来;插嘴 / break into 强行进入;插嘴 / break out (火灾、战争等)突然发生,爆发(不用于被动语态) / break up 解散;结束;破裂;绝交

breakfast[5brekfEst] n. [C,U]早饭,早餐:Is breakfast ready? 早餐准备好了吗? / After breakfast it began to snow. 早饭后开始下起雪来。

【用法】1.其前通常不用冠词,但若特指,则用定冠词;若受到形容词的修饰表示具有某种特点的“早餐”,则用不定冠词:Thank you for the breakfast. 谢谢你的这顿早餐。/ After a quick breakfast, he hurried to the station. 匆匆忙忙吃完早餐,他就赶到车站去了。2.要表示“吃”早餐,英语通常用 have,有时也可用 takeeat(但较少见)。3.at breakfastfor breakfast 不同: 前者表示在吃早餐或在吃早餐的时候,后者表示为早餐而吃东西:I always drink tea at breakfast. 我总是用早餐时饮茶。/ I have an egg for breakfast. 我早餐吃1只鸡蛋。(注:lunch, supper 也具有类似用法)

breath[breW] n. [C,U]呼吸,气息:Let me get my breath back. 让我喘口气。/ I’ll love you as long as I have breath. 我终身爱你。

【短语】hold one’s breath 屏住气 / out of breath 上气不接下气

breathe[bri:T] v.呼吸:Lie down flat and breathe deeply. 平躺下,做深呼吸。/ I want to go out and breathe the fresh air. 我想出去呼吸新鲜空气。

brick[brIk] n. [C,U]砖块,砖形物:He built his own house brick by brick. 他的房子是他自己一砖一瓦建成的。

bridge[brIdV] n.[C]桥:Don’t cross the bridge until you come to it. 不要杞人忧天。

bright[braIt] adj. 明亮的,明朗的,晴朗的;鲜明的;聪明的;伶俐的;美好的;有希望的:It was a bright day. 那是一个晴朗的日子。/ Her face was bright with happiness. 她喜气洋洋。/ You have a bright future. 你的前途是光明的。

bring[brIN] vt.(brought, brought)带来;传到;拿来;引起:What brings you here today? 今天是什么风把你吹来了? / And it will bring more trouble. 这会带来更多的麻烦。/ You are welcome to bring your wife to the party. 欢迎你带你的妻子来参加聚会。

【短语】bring about 引起,实现,导致 / bring (a)round 使改变观点或看法;使苏醒;顺便把某人带来串门 / bring back 送还,带回;使想起,使恢复 / bring down 击落或打落(飞机等);降低(温度、价格等) / bring on 带来,引起;促使成长或提高 / bring out 取出;显示出;衬托出;出版(书刊等),推出(作品等) / bring through 使渡过(困难,危机等) / bring together 使和解 / bring up 提出;培养;呕吐

Britain[5brItEn] n.不列颠(英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰的总称),英国:In Britain police do not carry guns. 在英国警察不带枪。

British[5brItIF] adj.英国的,英国人的,大不列颠的:British English 英国英语 / the British Museum 大英博物馆

【用法】the British 相当于名词,指全体英国人,用作主语时,谓语用复数:The British drink a lot of tea. 英国人喝很多茶。

broad[brR:d] adj. 宽的,阔的;广泛的;概括的;明显的:How broad is the street (river)? 街(河)有多宽? / It’s as broad as it is long. 半斤八两;彼此相同。

broadcast[5brR:dkB:st] v.(broadcast or broadcasted)广播 n. [C]广播,播音:The BBC broadcasts every day. 英国广播公司每天广播。

broom[bru:m] n. [C]扫帚:A new broom sweeps clean. 新扫帚扫得干净(新官上任三把火)。

brother[5brQTE] n.[C]兄,弟:elder brother 哥哥 / younger brother 弟弟

brown[braJn] adj.& n.棕色(的),褐色(的):dark brown 深褐色 / brown paper 牛皮纸,包装纸 / brown sugar 红糖

brush[brQF] n. [C]刷子,毛刷,画笔;(一)刷v.刷,擦:He was painting with a brush. 他在用刷子刷漆。/ Give my coat a brush. 把我的大衣刷一刷。

bucket[5bQkIt] n. [C]水桶;铲斗:a bucket of milk一桶牛奶

build[bIld] v.(built, built)建筑(造);建设(立):They decided to build a new school. 他们决定盖一所新学校。/ We are building socialism. 我们在建设社会主义。

building[5bIldIN] n.[C]建筑物,房屋:This office building is 25 stories high. 这幢办公楼高18层。

burn[bE:n]v. 燃烧 n. [C]烧伤;灼伤:I smelled something burning. 我闻到东西烧焦的味道。/ Dad has had his hands burned. 爸的手给烫了。

【用法】过去式和过去分词有burnedburnt两种形式:作定语时只用burnt;作不及物动词时通常用burned,作及物动词时两者均可用。

burst[bE:st] v.(burst, burst)(使)破裂,突然发生,爆炸 n. [C] (感情等的)爆发:She burst through the door. 她突然闯进门。/ Everyone burst out laughing. 大家都哄堂大笑。/ She burst into tears. 她突然哭了起来。

【用法】burst intoburst out都可表示突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况,但前者通常后接名词,后者通常后接动名词。

bury[5berI] v.埋葬:He was buried alive. 他被活埋了。/ He buried himself in his work (studies). 他埋头于工作(学习)。

bus[bQs] n.[C]公共汽车:I went there by bus. 我乘公共汽车去那儿。/ He had to run to catch the bus. 他不得不跑着去赶搭公共汽车。

bush[bJF] n.[C]灌木丛:The hare hid itself in the bush. 野兔藏在灌木丛中。

business[5bIznIs] n.[C,U]工作,职业;生意;商店,公司;职责,本分;事务,事情:It’s time we got down to business. 我们该认真办事了(讨论实质问题了)。/ Mind your own business.=It’s none of your business. 这不关你的事(你少管闲事)。/ I’m here on business, not for pleasure. 我是来办公事,不是来玩的。

busy[5bIzI] adj.忙,繁忙的:He is as busy as a bee. 他很忙。/ She was busy writing letters. (当时)她正忙着写信。/ He is busy with [at, in, over, about] his work. 他在忙于工作。

【注意】要表示“忙于做某事”,be busy要接动名词,不接不定式。

but [bEt,bQt] conj. 但是 prep. 除了:I was going to write, but I lost your address. 我本来要写信的,可是把你的地址弄丢了。/ We had no choice but to wait. 我们除了等待之外别无其他选择。

【短语】can but 只能,只好(后接动词原形) / cannot but 不得不,禁不住(后接动词原形) / but for 若不是,要不是(通常连用虚拟语气) / nothing but 只有 / anything but 绝不,并不

butcher[5bJtFE] n. [C]肉店,屠夫 vt.屠宰(动物),残杀(人):I’m going to the butcher’s (shop). 我到肉铺去。/ They butchered the prisoners. 他们残杀囚犯。

butter[5bQtE] n.[U]黄油,奶油:A pound of butter, please. 我要一磅黄油。

button[5bQtn] n.[C]纽扣,(电铃等的)按钮 v.扣(纽扣):A button of my blouse has come off. 我上衣的一个纽扣掉了。

buy[baI] v.(bought, bought)购买:Buy whichever is cheapest. 买最便宜的。/ He bought me a bike.=He bought a bike for me. 他给我买了辆自行车。

by[baI] prep.靠近,经过;在…时间,在…旁,(指时间)不迟于,(用于被动语态)被,(表示方法,手段)用;由(指交通工具等)乘,用adv.在附近,经过:Sit by me. 挨着我坐吧。/ The thief was caught by the police. 小偷被警察抓住了。/ He came here by water, not by land. 他是从水路来的,不是从陆路来的。/ He came in by the back door. 他从后门进来。/ She held the child by the hand. 她抓住小孩的手。/ I shall have finished the work by the time you come back. 你回来时,我会已经把工作完成了。/ They are paid by the hour. 他们所得报酬按小时计。

bye(-bye)[5baIbaI] interj.(口语),再见,回头见,再会:Bye! See you tomorrow. 明天见。/ She waved her hand to say good-bye. 她挥手告别。