醉逍遥客服电话:Fabric - Leather Articles 1

Leather is tanned by the hair removal and other physical, chemical processing have been obtained denatured non-perishable animal skins. Leather is a natural protein fiber composed of closely woven three-dimensional space, the surface layer of a special kind of grain, with a natural grain pattern and shiny, comfortable feel.

1. Introduction
2. A detailed explanation
3. Leather Categories
4. Leather simple type
5. Leather identification
6. Dermal signs
7. The distinction between skin and leather
8. Maintenance of common sense
9. Distinguish between leather and synthetic leather

 

I: Introduction
【Name】: Leather
【Pinyin】: pí gé
【English】: [leather; hide]
     After tanning, tanning or other treatment to the skin to resist the effects of corruption, and when dry the animals are more soft and supple skin.
II: a detailed explanation
   (1). Hairy animal skins and hides and skins to the hair.
 "Zhou-day official palm leather": "Convergence leather palm autumn and winter grabbing leather, offering the spring, then submitted the type Fa (Fa fǎ old with the" Law ") issued by the leather in the hundreds of hands." "Chu Language Mandarin under":
"Turtle bead angle gear, leather feathers, so prepare assigned to those who have quit unexpected." Wei Zhao Note: "Paper, Paper Tiger Balm is also, so as Yin Jian jiàn (Sheng immediately bow device). Leather, rhino SI also ,
So the armor. "Tangliu Zong Yuan," Chen-Fu ":" but men are born ... ... Xueshuang thunder storm hailstorm aloof, so I realized that frame the nest hole, pull grass and trees, take the leather. "
(2). Refers to cattle, sheep, pigs and other animals, the skin to the hair processing of cooked skin. Has the flexibility and permeability properties, are widely used in machine tires, shoes, luggage and so on.
 
(3). The body's skin
"Huainanzi Thai training": "Cardiff carved skin, quickLink leather, blood was created to hard also, then the more worth to Qiurong also." GAO Note: "The more people to stab Zhen skin as dragons, Therefore,
For the honor of also. "" Book of Rites, Li Yun, "" both are four-body, skin leather filling, fat person also "Brief Account of Tang Shu:" leather is the skin but also within the thick leather. "
Third: Leather Category
1. BY PURPOSE
Living with leather, leather for defense, industrial and agricultural use of leather, leather sports culture
2. By sub-tanning method
Chrome-tanned leather, vegetable tanned leather, oil tanned leather, combined with aldehyde tanning and tanning and so on. In addition, can be divided into light leather and heavy leather. Generally used for shoe, clothing, leather gloves, etc., known as light leather, according to
Area measurement; animals with thick skin or combined by the vegetable tanning tanning agent for leather shoes, with outer soles of leather and industrial accessories as heavy leather, measured by weight.
3. By different types of animals
There are pig leather, cow leather, sheep leather, horse leather, leather and kangaroo leather donkey, while a small amount of fish, leather, leather, reptiles, amphibians, leather, ostrich skin
Leather and so on. Which was divided into cattle leather, cow leather, buffalo leather, Yak leather and leather Pianniu; sheep and goat leather sheep leather into leather.
4. By Hierarchical
A first layer of leather and split leather, in which the first layer of leather with full grain leather and leather shaving; have split leather cow split leather pig split leather and so on. In the main types of leather, cattle and sheep skin leather
Leather, the surface flat fine hair eyes small, dense internal structure of tight, leather body and playing with sexy plump better physical performance. Therefore, the superior cattle and sheep leather generally used as high-grade leather
Leather products, its price is higher in the bulk of the leather category.
 Divided by skin and leather:
5. Dermis
"Leather" in the leather goods market, is a common word, is that people for the distinction of synthetic leather and natural leather on it is called a habit. In the consumer's perception, "leather" is also a
Non false meaning. Animal leather is a natural leather, leather that we used to say. By animals (raw hides) after processing by the tannery tanning, made of various characteristics, strength, feel, color
Color, pattern leather material, leather products, essential for modern materials. The processing of leather animals, leather is very complex, made of finished leather to go through dozens of procedures:
Soaking hides ---- ---- ---- shed fat to the meat ---- ---- ---- Baptist de base ---- Grey ---- softening expansion pickling ---- Tanning ---- ---- ---- split shaving and in ---- ---- ---- retanning
Fill ----- ----- ---- stain drying oil finishing ---- ---- ---- finished leather finishing. Of the types is also very much divided by the general common materials sheep leather, cow leather, horse leather,
Snake leather, crocodile leather, pig leather, according to the performance can be divided into two-story leather, full grain leather, suede, leather surface modification, film leather, composite leather, leather and other finishing of the split.
 Among them, cowhide, sheepskin and pigskin leather materials used are the three major skin types.
6. Renewable Paper
The costs of all kinds of animal skin and leather waste after crushing the deployment of chemical raw materials produced. The surface of the repair process skinned with leather, embossed leather, as characterized by skin
Zhang edge than the neat, high utilization, the price is cheap; but generally thicker skin body strength is poor, only suitable for making cheap briefcase, trolley bag, clubs sets and other products and cheap leather setting process
Zone, the longitudinal section of uniform fibrous tissue, can recognize the solidification of liquid material effect mixed fibers.
7. Leatherette
Also known as leather or artificial leather rubber is man-made materials such as PVC and PU in general. It is based on non-woven textile cloth or by a variety of different formulations of PVC and PU, foam or film plus
Work is made according to different strength, durability, reliability and cold color, luster, and other requirements of processed patterns, with color variety, waterproof performance, the entire margins
Qi, the price is relatively high utilization rate and the characteristics of cheap leather. Early leather are extremely popular until now a class of materials, and is widely used to produce all kinds of leather products, or the Department of
Sub-leather materials. It is increasingly advanced production technology, the second layer of skin is being widely used in the manufacture. Today, mimicking characteristics of leather to leather available in a production, and its surface processes
Very base of the fibrous tissue, almost leather effect, its price and the price of comparable domestic first layer of skin.
8. Synthetic Leather
Synthetic leather, natural leather to simulate the composition and structure and can serve as its proxy materials, plastic products. Mainly polyurethane surface, the base material is polyester, cotton, synthetic fibers made of polypropylene, etc.
Non-woven fabrics. The positive and negative are very similar with the leather, and has a certain breathability. Features a beautiful gloss, easy to mold and insects, and more than ordinary leather similar to natural leather.
A wide variety of synthetic leather, synthetic non-woven substrate rid of a synthetic fiber and polyurethane microporous surface of common features, the non-woven fiber varieties and processing techniques vary.
Synthetic leather surface is smooth, pass Zhang thickness, color and intensity Dengjun First, water, acid, microbial better than natural leather.
IV: Leather simple type
1. Pure aniline leather
Do not paint the only effect of the dye-modified aniline leather, leather, only the best in the world could fall into this category. Natural products like real people, especially like the leather. World
5% of the leather production such, only a few A-grade leather to meet this kind of standard. That there is no finishing of leather, may only be coated with a thin layer of wax, or lightly coat
Oil to enhance the feel and appearance. Milling or polishing machines are usually the last kind of leather finishing process.
2. Full aniline leather
As with pure aniline leather, only some of the best leather can fall into this category. It is pure aniline leather, with the only difference is that the raw materials used will be slightly lower level of the skin surface only
A thin layer of protective layer, usually coated with wax and transparent paint on the surface.
3. Semi-aniline leather
The leather processing required little more than a little surface finish, lightly spray the paint in the color uniformity of the surface of the leather and hide some of the original flaws. The leather has good
The light resistance and scratch resistance, and easy to clean. 10-15% of world output of leather is the leather. Most of B-grade leather to meet this kind of standard. Interestingly, aniline, semi-benzene
Amines and are not necessarily pure aniline full grain leather, leather, suede leather that is a typical round polished aniline leather. Many began to color the leather is cleaned and lightly sanded
Flatten the grain.
4. Shave leather
Rubbed off the surface of some of the grain in order to reduce the impact of grain defects, and then create a fake with different finishing methods to mimic grain leather full grain dough. 18% of the world leather production
Belongs to the leather. After the leather more processing, such as: sanding, polishing, embossing, coating paint to cover existing defects, insect bites, barbed wire scratches, wounds and other corner before the finish can be
Removed by grinding. First layer of skin is the outer layer of skin with the grain, about 0.9 to 1.5mm, called the C-class types of leather to meet this standard. The leather is a clear need polishing, because in addition to employing
Workers create holiday to replace the original grain surface, but to no use of the. The rest of the world output of 65% of leather is not suitable for furniture, can only be used for shoes, clothing, belts, handbags and cars
Saddle.
5. Full grain leather
Maintain the integrity of grain patterns, natural textures clearly visible pores and leather.
As the wood grain, wood, and scars should show it belongs to the natural qualities of the same species, the leather should also show the characteristics of the animal it belongs. The better the leather, needs repair
Less decorated. Cheaper grain leather is the original paint was rubbed off and was embossed with false instead of grain, they are not the same as the soft full grain leather. Although covered by a layer of paint,
However, changes in the original texture is still visible.
6. Half leather (light shave leather)
Layer of the grain leather gently rubbed off only a part, but should be retained in the entire leather surface is not worn away that part of the grain, grain surface can still see the pores and texture of natural leather. As
English used in the "Top-top" the word, so this term in the leather industry has become the most confusing. Speculation "Top-top", said the best, top, is not here, this
In the use of the "Top-top" the word is that the top can be frosted, coated pigments and printed patterns. Basically, half a leather not split leather.
    For leather furniture, leather by coating the split layers of the skin Generative, with the grain as the first layer of skin, followed by the second floor, three skins, with meat for the meat surface layer of skin splits .
The use of modern technology, the profile for furniture finishing layer of skin, the paint and embossing is possible. Profile layer of skin, of course not as durable as the first layer of skin, but to adjust their thickness are available
Interesting results. Most challenging is to make them fracture resistance. Unless otherwise specified, the general finish of the profile layer of skin is not used as a saddle.
V: Identification of leather
"Leather" in the leather goods market, is a common word is the difference between people on natural leather, synthetic leather and a habit it is called; in the consumer's perception, "leather" is also a
Non false implications. In fact, the leather is leather, it is mainly formed by the mammalian Piga work. Leather wide range of species diversity, different structures, different quality and price relative to
So poor. Therefore, the leather is both a term for all natural leather, the commodity market on a vague identity.
1. How to identify leather
Hand to touch: the touch leather surface, if smooth, soft, plump, flexible feel that leather; and general man-made synthetic leather face astringent, rigid, soft and poor.
Seeing: real leather face a clearer pores, pattern, yellow leather have a more symmetrical pores, yak skin has coarse pores and sparse, with scaly goat skin pores.
Smell: the smell of leather, all leather has; and leather has a pungent smell of strong plastic.
Lit: from real leather and artificial leather on the back tore off a little fiber, lit, who issued a pungent odor, formed lump is leather; who issued the smell of hair, a hard lump that does not bear
          Real leather.
2. Identification leather and synthetic leather
With the above four basic identification methods, in order to compare the identification of artificial leather, synthetic leather obvious. In addition, the leather and synthetic leather has the following characteristics:
1, press the leather surface with your fingers, there is no obvious pores wrinkles, such as the press after the wrinkles, nor will obviously disappear naturally.
2, the leather surface without pores, which is an important feature of identifying genuine leather.
3, cut corners burning, flavored, but not the focus of the smell of hair.
3. Difference between bovine leather, pig leather, horse leather and sheep leather
Leather types, their characteristics and uses are different. For example,
   Surface fine cow leather, high strength, making the most appropriate shoes;
   Sheep leather light, thin and soft fabric is ideal for leather clothing;
   Pig leather breathable, water vapor better performance.
Pig leather: leather surface of the pores are round and thick, stretching leather over the tilt. Pores arranged in a group of three, leather surface showing the pattern of many small triangles
Cow leather: leather of cattle and buffalo leather are called cow leather, but they also have some differences. Cattle leather rounded surface of the pores, more direct to reach into leather, the pores close and even, row
        Out irregular, like the stars. Buffalo than cattle leather leather surface coarse pores, pore over the number of rare cattle leather, leathery more relaxed, less plump yellow water fine leather.
Horse leather: leather surface of the hair oval, slightly larger than cattle leather pores, arranged in a regulatory law.
  Sheep leather: leather grain oblate pores, the pores clear, a few form a group, arranged in scaly.
VI: Leather logo
    Leather China Leather Industry Association logo is in the State Administration for Industry registered trademark, is in a sign of high-grade natural leather. Logo for leather and natural leather
Natural fur products, including shoes, hiking shoes, leather (fur) garments, luggage, leather bags and other leather goods, leather goods and other products.
Seven: the distinction between skin and leather
Currently, the popular leather products on the market are two types of leather and artificial leather, synthetic leather and artificial leather and textile fabrics by the end of the base or non-woven substrate, were coated with polyurethane, and mining complex
Deal with the special foam made, there is prima feel exactly like leather, but breathable, abrasion resistance, cold tolerance is not such as leather. How to distinguish genuine leather it?
1. Ge surface: natural leather surface has its own special natural pattern, natural gloss leather, leather surface by hand, or pinching, the leather surface without wrinkle or dead dead fold, and no cracks; and artificial leather is leather surface
Like natural leather, but a closer look at patterns is not natural, shiny light than natural leather, bright colors, mostly.
2. Leather body: natural leather, soft, resilient, and imitation leather products, although very soft, but the lack of toughness, when the weather is cold hard leather body fat. When the hand turns leather body, the natural leather curved back
Naturally, good elasticity, and imitation leather goods song Return of blunt, poor flexibility.
3. Incision: The incision of natural leather and color, visible fibers and fine. The imitation leather products, leather fiber incision no natural sense of, or seen the bottom of the fiber and resin, or from the incision
Seen at the end of cloth and resin glue the two layers.
4. Leather inside: the front of the natural smooth leather has pores and patterns. Obviously the opposite of leather fibers, was plush and evenly shaped. The imitation leather goods in the negative part of the same synthetic Ge Zheng,
In the outside gloss is good, very smooth; some positive and negative are not the same leather, leather inside to see the obvious ground fabric; but some leather leather sides seem natural leather, where there are like natural leather
Reform of the villi, which will carefully observe the difference between true and false varieties.
Sheep Leather: grain pores characterized by oblate, more inclined to in-depth reforms within the pores of a few lined up a group, arranged like the scales or jagged. Pattern features, such as "ripple"-like. In
Divided into sheep leather in the leather of sheep and goat leather.
Sheep leather: higher fat content in the cortex, leather fibrous tissue relaxation, very soft, fine grain, large extension, but not strong.
Goat Leather: less fat content in the cortex and fibrous tissue than sheep leather full, solid and durable.
 Difference between the two: smooth fine grain leather sheep; goat leather pores clear, leathery and flexible. Leather goods, whether made of sheep which has a beautiful pattern of clothing, soft gloss
And the natural, soft, thin, flexible, but not as strong as bovine leather and pig leather.
 Under the skin in the hair, close to the top of the dermis by epidermal cells arranged in different shapes formed. The thickness of the epidermis varies with the animal, such as leather skin thickness
The total thickness of 0.5 to 1.5%; sheep skin and goat skin 2 to 3%; the pig skin was 2 to 5%. Dermis is located below the epidermis, between the skin and subcutaneous tissue, and is the major part of raw hides
Points. The weight or thickness of about 90% of raw hides.
 Leather raw material is animal skin, although most common in our lives is pigskin, cowhide, sheepskin, but in fact most of the animals can be used for tanning leather. Just leather, pigskin and
In sheep's clothing of good quality and yield, is the main raw material for leather.
 Although a wide variety of tanning of raw hides, according to international animal protection regulations issued by a series of laws and regulations, the real for the production of raw materials in what has been limited extent,
Leather is commonly used: cow leather, sheep leather, pig leather and horse leather.
    【Skin】 material characteristics and differences
 First layer and second layer of skin:
    Divided by the level of leather, with the first layer and split leather, of which the first layer of leather with grain leather, shaving leather, embossed leather, special effect leather, embossed leather; split leather and the second floor of the pig and cow leather
And so on.
Grain leather:
    Leather in many varieties, full grain leather to top the list, because it is less by the disabled workers from the finest raw materials Piga, leather surface to retain intact the natural state, thin coating, can show
Pattern emerged in animal skins natural beauty. It is not only wear, but also has good permeability.
Shaving leather:
    Using the surface light buffing machine after finishing mill, then pressed on and made the appropriate pattern. Is actually a natural with a disability or rough leather surface was "cosmetic." Such reform
Almost lost the original surface state,
Full grain leather
    Features: divided into soft leather, wrinkled leather, leather and so positive. Characteristics for the intact grains, pores clear, small, closely arranged in irregular, full and detailed surface
Half leather characteristics
    In the production process by processing equipment, repair ground into only half of the grain, it said half a cowhide. Part of maintaining a natural leather style, flat, oval-shaped pores, arranged in no
Rules, feel hard, generally use less raw skin grades. Therefore, a mid-range leather. The special nature of the surface due to process disability and scar-free and high efficiency, easy to change its products
Shape, it is generally used for larger products of large briefcase.
 Corrected leather features:
    Also known as "smooth leather", the market also known as matte, shiny leather. Characteristics for the flat surface smooth, without pores and striae, the surface grain in the production of grinding to do minor modifications, in leather
Surface coating layer of colored resin, cover the surface texture of leather, then spray water-based resin, light transmission, it is a high-grade leather. Glossy leather in particular, its light shining, the wind noble and beautiful
Grid, the fashion leather popular leather.
 Leather features special effects:
    The production process requires initiates leather finishes, just inside the Canadian zone in the colored resin beads, metal, aluminum or copper metallic leather comprehensive spray, then roll a layer of light transparent water-based resin,
The finished product with a variety of shiny, bright village head, elegant, leather is popular, is a mid-range leather. Embossed leather features: The pattern of flowers with a plate (aluminum, copper) in the leather
Heating the surface to suppress a variety of patterns, into a style of leather. Popular with the current market, "embossed leather" snakeskin pattern. "Ostrich skin pattern", which is embossed with the use of a
Flower pattern plate, the name also will be called "embossed leather."
 Split leather: a thick skin with a film derived from the machine split, the first layer of full grain leather used to make or finish on leather. Finished leather and so on, layer after coating or film made of split leather and other processes. Ge film
So, its fastness poor wear resistance, is the cheapest kind of a leather.
 Leather floor features: the other side is a second layer of skin leather material, coated with PU resin on the surface, so the film also known as leather. The process of change is also made with various grades of species,
Imports of leather such as two-story, due to unique technology, quality and variety of new features, for the current high-grade leather, price and quality are no less than the first layer of the dermis.
 Napa leather: soft surface, also known as Napa Pi leather upper leather, English name: NAPPA NAPPA. Spread from the South Korea, when Chinese leather technology is still very backward, to when the Imports, Napa leather
Products, as time passes the call to this Nappa stayed. Napa leather technological revolution in the early eighties seventies Korea, South Korea reached a certain peak of clothing, fur-line
Soft Pi Napa leather industry has also been very good application, soft Napa leather is the largest special, silky surface is one of the characteristics Napa leather, and later increased with Nappa leather thickness, used for making
Napa leather shoes also performed for all strengths, so Napa leather in the shoe industry is also gaining popularity. Nappa real application in China in the late eighties early nineties,
Xinji in China made with Nappa leather clothing soon wind fans the country, the full interpretation of the soft Napa leather, cold, noble features. Nappa is the prevalence in the shoe industry in Wenzhou, Zhejiang
Since the early nineties as Napa leather casual shoes unusual material has been popular ever since.
【Article is excerpted from: Baidu Encyclopedia】
【Network reprint / Just reference】
【Translation is by Goolge】