酱肘子的家常做法:Fabric - Chemical Fiber Posts

      With natural fibers or synthetic polymer material as raw material, chemical or physical process and the obtained fibers collectively. Due to the use of polymers from different sources can be divided into natural polymers as raw materials for synthetic fibers and synthetic polymer fibers as raw material. Referred to as fiber.

1. Introduction
        2. The concept of chemical fiber 
        3. Chemical Fiber Classification 
        4. Preparation 
        5. Type 
        6. The development of chemical fiber industry

 

I: Introduction
Fiber length, thickness, whiteness, gloss and other properties in the production process to adjust. And were a light, wearable, washable and easy to dry, not rotten, not to be destroyed by insects and so on.
Widely used in manufacturing clothing fabrics, filter cloth, conveyor belts, hoses, ropes, nets, electric insulated wire, medical sutures, such as tire cord and the parachute. Compounds generally polymeric
Material into solution or melt, pressure from the pores of the spinneret, and then the solidified fiber. Products can be continuous filament, cut into a certain length of short fiber or wire without cutting
Beam and so on. The trade name of chemical fibers, synthetic staple fibers of China Interim Regulations shall be name "Lun" (for example, nylon, polyester), all names of cellulose staple fiber "fiber" (for example,
Viscous fiber, copper, ammonia fiber), add at the end of a filament in the "silk" and the words or "lun", "fiber" to a "wire."
Second: the concept of chemical fiber
    Chemical fiber is made of natural or synthetic polymer polymer as raw material, preparation of spinning solution, spinning and post-treatment processes in the system performance with textile
The fiber.
C: Category
1. Man-made fibers
Natural polymers (eg cellulose) as raw materials made of chemical fibers such as rayon fibers, acetate fibers. There are viscose rayon fibers, fiber nitrate, acetate
Fiber, copper fiber and man-made ammonium protein fiber, which was divided into ordinary viscose rayon fibers and outstanding performance of the new viscose fiber (such as high wet modulus fibers, viscose fibers and super-
Viscose fibers permanently curled, etc.).
2. Synthetic
To synthetic polymer made from chemical fibers as raw materials, such as polyester fibers, polyamide fibers, polyacrylonitrile fibers. Chemical fiber has high strength, abrasion resistance, density
Small, flexible, and not moldy, not afraid of insects, the advantages of quick-drying washable, but the drawback is poor dyeability, static, poor light and weather resistance, water absorption poor.
Synthetic fibers are polyamide 6 (nylon or nylon 6, said China), PAN fiber (China, said acrylic), polyester fiber (China, said polyester), polypropylene fiber
(China called polypropylene), polyvinyl formal fibers (China, said polyvinyl alcohol), and the special fiber (including the use of PTFE polymer fiber made of corrosion-resistant, resistant to temperatures above 200 ℃
Temperature resistance, strength greater than 10 g / denier, modulus greater than 200 g / denier high strength, high modulus fibers, and flame retardant fibers, elastic fibers, functional fibers, etc.). 50 years of the 20th century
Carried out on behalf of the modification of synthetic fibers, is mainly used to improve the physical or chemical absorption of synthetic fibers, dye, antistatic, flame-resistant, stain resistance, pilling resistance and other properties, but also increased the
Chemical fiber varieties.
Four: Category
1. According to different sources of raw materials to sub-
(A) recycled fiber
Recycled fiber production is inspired by the silkworm silk, cellulose and protein, and other natural polymers as raw materials, chemical processing into concentrated solution of polymer, and then by spinning and post-processing
And the obtained textile fibers.
  1. Regenerated cellulose fiber as raw material with natural cellulose fibers, due to its chemical composition and physical structure of natural cellulose, which has changed the same, so called recycled fiber
                     Fibroin.
     Viscose fiber is made from natural cotton linter, wood as raw material, which has several prominent advantages.
 (1), soft gloss, and viscose fiber as soft as cotton fiber, silk fiber, like smooth.
 (2), moisture absorption, good ventilation, the basic chemical composition of viscose fiber and cotton fiber the same, so some of its properties and cotton fibers close to the different moisture and through its
        Gas than the cotton fiber, and can say it is all chemical fibers in the moisture absorption and permeability of the best.
 (3) staining properties, and the strong hygroscopic viscose fiber, viscose fiber so more easily than cotton fiber color, color pure, bright, chromatography and most complete.
 Viscose fiber biggest drawback is poor wet fastness, flexibility is also poor, and difficult to restore the fabric wrinkle easily; acid and alkali resistance is not as cotton fiber.
 
  2. Kapok fiber called Tiger prosperity, strength rayon. It is the degeneration of the viscose fiber.
 Rich and strong fibers with ordinary viscose fiber (ie rayon, artificial, artificial silk) in comparison, has the following main features:
 (1) strength, that is rich and strong fabric sturdy than the viscose fabric.
 (2) shrinkage of small, strong shrinkage fiber viscose fiber smaller than 1 times. Prosperous fiber
     (3) flexibility, to do with the prosperity of fiber clothes are the entire board, crease-resistant viscose fiber than good.
 (4) and alkaline is good, as rich and strong alkali fiber viscose fiber than good, so rich and strong fabric of soap in the washing detergent in the choice of viscose fiber not as stringent.
(B) of the synthetic
 Synthetic fiber is made of synthetic polymers, synthetic fibers commonly used are polyester, nylon, acrylic, polyvinyl chloride fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, spandex and so on.
     1. The school called polyester polyester terephthalate polymer, referred to as polyester fiber. Polyester is the trade name of our country, abroad, said the "big Dacron", "Terry Lun", "Emperor special lun" and so on.
 Easy to get the raw materials of polyester, performance, versatility, developed rapidly, and now the production of chemical fiber ranks first. Polyester biggest feature is its flexible than any fiber
Victoria is strong; strength and wear resistance is better, not only by its fastness of textile fabric fiber than other 3 to 4 times higher, and crisp, not easily deformed, the "iron" reputation; heat-resistant polyester
Is strong; has good chemical stability, in the normal temperature, not with the weak acid, weak alkali, oxidants play a role.
Disadvantage is that moisture absorption is extremely poor and by its textile fabrics worn nausea, gas-tight. In addition, the fiber surface is smooth, poor cohesion between the fibers, the friction between often easy to fluff,
Cabbage.
     2. Nylon Nylon is China's trade name, scientific name of its polyamide fiber; a nylon -66, -1010 nylon, nylon -6, such as different varieties. Nylon also known in the trade name abroad
"Nylon", "Nylon", "kapron", "Amelia Wong," and so on. Nylon is the world's first synthetic varieties, due to excellent performance, abundant raw material resources, it has been a co-
Fibroblasts in the highest yield varieties. Until 1970, due to the rapid development of polyester fiber, synthetic fiber was relegated to second place.
Nylon is the most important feature of high strength, wear resistance, its strength and wear resistance of all the fibers of the first home.
  Shortcomings as nylon and polyester, moisture absorption and permeability are poor. In a dry environment, the nylon is easy to produce static, short fiber fabric is also easy to pilling, pilling. Nylon heat resistance,
Optical are not good enough to withstand ironing temperature should be controlled at 140 ℃ or less. In addition, poor shape preserving nylon, with its clothes made of polyester as stiff, easy to deform. But it can take it possessed
Body shirt is making all kinds of good material.
     3. Acrylic Acrylic is the trade name, its scientific name polyacrylonitrile fibers. Is also known as "Orlon", "test Ritter", "de la Lun," and so on.
 The appearance of white acrylic, curly, fluffy, soft, exactly like wool, and more for wool and wool blend or as a substitute, it is also known as "synthetic wool."
     Acrylic moisture absorption is not good enough, but the wettability than wool, silk fibers well. Its poor wear resistance of synthetic fiber, acrylic fiber to withstand the temperature at 130 ℃ ironing below.
     4. PVA PVA polyvinyl formal school called fibers. Is also known as "vinylon", "Sabinal" and so on.
 PVA white as snow, soft like cotton, which is often used as a substitute for natural cotton, called "synthetic cotton." Hygroscopicity of PVA fibers in the moisture absorption is the best.
In addition, the PVA wear resistance, light resistance, corrosion resistance is better.
     5. The scientific name is polyvinyl chloride polyvinyl chloride fiber polyvinyl chloride fiber fibers. Abroad, "Tian Mei Long," "Lowell," said.
 Polyvinyl chloride fiber's advantages are more resistant to chemical corrosion; worse than wool thermal conductivity, so heat and strong; higher electrical insulation and flame retardant. In addition, it also has an outstanding advantage
That is woven into using it to treat rheumatoid arthritis underwear or other pain, and skin irritation or injury.
 Polyvinyl chloride fiber is also more prominent shortcomings, namely poor heat resistance.
     6. Scientific name of polyurethane spandex polyurethane elastic fiber, is also known as "Lai Kela", "Greenspan Dozier," and so on. It is a particular type of elastic properties of chemical fibers, has been
Industrial production and become the fastest growing kind of elastic fibers.
 Excellent elastic spandex. The intensity ratio of latex silk 2 to 3 times higher, linear density and more detailed, and more resistant to chemical degradation. Spandex acid and alkali resistance, resistance to sweat, seawater resistance, dry cleaning, resistance to
Wear resistance are good.
 Spandex fiber is generally not used alone, but mixed with a small amount to the fabric, such as joint-stock or made with other fibers, yarn, elastic fabrics for weaving system.
2. Divided by the geometric shape
(1) filament: Chemical fiber processing, fiber is not cut off. Filament is divided into monofilament and multifilament.
 Single wire: only one wire, transparent, uniform and thin.
 Filament: a few single wire and synthetic filament.
(2) short fibers: chemical fiber spinning can be cut after processing into various lengths of fiber.
(3) profiled fiber: Changing spinneret shape obtained in the different sections or hollow fiber.
     ①, changes in fiber flexibility, cohesive property and coverage, increase the surface area, enhanced reflection of light.
     ②, special luster. Such as the five-leaf, triangle.
     ③, light, warmth, good moisture absorption. Such as hollow.
     ④, reduce static electricity.
     ⑤, to improve the pilling, pilling performance, increase fiber friction coefficient and improve the feel.
(4) composite fibers: the two or more of the polymer melt or solution the way to enter the same spinneret, respectively, from the same hole in the spray formed by spinning fibers. Also known as
For the two-component or multi-component fibers. Composite fibers generally have a three-dimensional three-dimensional curl, volume height of fluffy, flexible, and hold He Hao, good coverage. Features are:
     ①, structure inhomogeneity.
     ②, component uneven.
     ③, uneven expansion.
(5) textured yarn: After deformation processing of synthetic filament yarn or fiber.
     ①, high-elastic polyester yarn: the use of synthetic thermoplastic processing, 50 to 300% elongation.
     ②, low elastic polyester filament: control of elongation rate of 35% or less.
     ③, acrylic bulk yarn; use acrylic thermal flexibility. Hot stretch - shrinkage, shrinkage of up to 45 ~ 53%, and low shrinkage fiber mixed spinning, the steam treatment.
Five: the development of chemical fiber industry
    Although China is the world's major textile exporting countries, but also can be said is the world's leading fiber consumption countries. The production of man-made fibers from 70% to 80% for the domestic consumption
Fee to use, but continue to build the expansion, the proportion of China's man-made fibers will gradually increase the export forecast for 2020 global demand for all fibers rose to 95 million more public push
Tons. Part of the future increase in fiber demand mainly in China mainland and Eastern Europe.
    China's per capita fiber consumption in 2004 was 6.6 kilograms, 7.5 kilograms per capita is still below the global level. At present, China clothing, apparel and industrial fibers constitute the proportion of
52:27:21, by 2010 the proportion of its structure before and after will be 49:30:21.
China's chemical fiber production in the next 5 to 10 year period, chemical fiber production will average 6.5% growth rate, cumulative production of chemical fiber in China in 2007 up to 23,888,900 tons, representing growth in 2006
18.04%. Zhejiang Province, of which production was 9,771,100 tons, the proportion was 40.90%; production was 8,033,500 tons in Jiangsu Province, the proportion was 33.63%; Fujian production was 1,376,900 tons,
Share of 5.76%; Shandong, Shanghai, Guangdong production was 788,900 tons, 514,800 tons and 504,200 tons, respectively, the proportion of 3.30%, 2.15% and 2.11%.
September 2008 China's output of 2,039,200 tons of chemical fiber, the chain increased 103,500 tons, an increase of 5.35%; down by 32,000 tons, a decrease of 1.54%. January to September of 2008,
Cumulative production of 17,977,900 tons of chemical fibers, an increase of 427,700 tons, an increase of 2.44%. 【Article is excerpted from: Baidu Encyclopedia】
【Network reprint / Just reference】
【Translation is by Goolge】