酱类调料:Fabric - Silk Articles

Silk(pinyin: sī chóu),atextilewithsilkorsynthetic fibers,rayonsilklong;withpuresilkor rayonfabricmade ??ofinterwovenwovenorcollectively;Alsorefers specifically tothewovensilktextiles.

1: The basicexplanation
2:Keyareas
3:A brief history
4:Silk Culture
5:SilkDevelopment

6:SilkSource
7:SilkWeaving
8:Silkand etiquette
9:Battle ofSilk
10:Silkcharacteristics
11:SilkCategory
12: silkfabricmaintenance
13: silkfabric washing
14:the identification ofgenuinesilk
15:the number ofsilkfabrics
16:the shortcomings ofthe Chinesesilk industryand thedevelopment strategylaunched

 

A: The basic explanation
In ancient times, silk is silk (the silk-based, including a small amount of silk and silk cassava) woven textiles. Since the expansion of the modern textile raw materials, any warp
Use of artificial or natural filament fiber woven textiles, silk can be as broad. The pure silk of the silk weaving, and in particular called "silk" to distinguish other fiber
Dimensional generalized silk.
 Place of origin
Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Sichuan, Shandong and Guangxi. Traditional silk production process: first using silkworm cocoon spinning, and then made a natural protein fiber, and then led through the classics, weft,
    Equipment manufacturing, jacquard, woven.
II: Key areas
1. -----" Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province, the hometown of silk "
Suzhou is the hometown of silk, the Taihu Lake Basin has retained New Stone Age sites, witnessed a long history of silk. Weiting Caoxieshan unearthed six thousand years ago, kind of textiles
Fragments; Wu Qian Shan Yang unearthed four thousand seven hundred years ago, real silk; Wujiang Mei weir has unearthed a large number of four thousand years ago, spinning wheels and bone needles, and the silkworm with a wire cutter and pattern of the ceramic pattern, which
All this shows that the Suzhou ancient ancestors long ago mastered the silkworm spinning technology. In ancient times, Suzhou, Yangzhou is in Kyushu, Yu Silk Tributes when there is "woven shell" category color Kam
Silk. Spring and Autumn Period Wu Guogong tied to central countries in sub-quarter of the ceremony when he will be produced by Wu Cheng-phase state onyx child with donated products. According to "Historical Records" contains: Zhou Jing Wang Dynasty (519 BC), the Wu and Chu
Kuwata border between the two countries due to competition, have occurred in large-scale "war Sang war", indicating the benefit of sericulture at the time the important position of the economy. Wu capital in Suzhou has still preserved and silk
Site-related organizations, the Jinfan Jing and other names. Three Kingdoms, when the Sibo of Rao, clothing complex world, Suzhou Silk developed into "Bringing the military full country" important material. Northern and Southern Dynasties, a Japanese
The angels seek Wu weaving, sewing Weaver workers go, "Nihon Shoki" have corresponding historical records. Sui and Tang dynasties, is a South East Road, Suzhou, silk tribute the largest number of Tributes have Sige, wire
Cotton, eight silk, Fei Ling. Han Yu said: "fu the world, and nine thousand southern home. To this view, things were living south of Zhejiang nineteenth, and the Soviet Union, loose, often, Kerry, Lake Gogun and nineteenth Home Liangzhe
Also. "At that time," Sang Mu Shu and Wu silkworm million machine, "was described as well-developed textile industry, sericulture Yangtze River. Song Dynasty, according to" The Major Events History of the Song ":" Huizong chongning element
Year (1102) Horse Spring in March, home life Huanzhe Tong Guan Bureau Suzhou and Hangzhou. "Suzhou, Hangzhou, Chengdu, was nationally known as a tapestry of three homes. Suzhou Jin Song most famous, famous tapestry
Sub-Fan Shen, Wu Zirun also out of Suzhou. "Wu Men Table implicit" record: Genpo early (1078) the city that built the organic Xiangfu Temple Lane Temple (also known as Regulus Palace), as well as the new Law Lane, Sun knitting yarn
Lane (Heritage City, Bridge Lane, Lane installed between the drive and JY Square) and other production Leno's place. Tiger Hill and the tower were unearthed Ruiguang period of Five Dynasties and Northern Song Dynasty embroidery, silk scrolls through bundle wrapped in cloth and silk misty head.
 Apart from government investment in the Suzhou Silk Museum, the Millennium Streets ponds on the street in Suzhou, as well as a private enterprise investment in Suzhou Rui Fuxiang build 4000 Silk Co., Ltd.
Square meters of silk museums and art galleries.
2. -----" Nanchong China silk "
Nanchong City, the four major sericulture and silk production base and export base. "Ba Humanities resort, state name of the Qin and Han Jin wire." Nanchong a long history of silk more than 3,000 years.
Nanchong is the only western region of China Silk Association awarded the "silk capital of China," the title of the city, the city is located in northeast Sichuan, is the Northeast economy, trade, finance, science, education, culture, faith
Information Center, is the one of the four major production base of silk cocoons, silk production and sales of the current Nanchong, silk sales of manufactured goods, silk exports to the western region first. The city has
With mulberry, silkworm, species, cocoon, silk, silk, silk printing and dyeing, knitting, clothing, silk carpets, silk bedding, silk painting Shu handicrafts, silk machinery, silk research, teaching, and the export
Sale of such a complete range of production systems, is the southwest's largest and most complete of the cocoon silk producing areas. December 18, 2009 morning, our first effort to build by the Government Silk Museum -
Nanchong, Sichuan Silk Museum, the flowers, Longgang District, South Bay Street Nanling ----- Creative Cultural Industry Park, China Silk (the "Silk Garden"), and officially opened.
3. Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province
Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, known as "silk", "land of plenty" with the country. Huzhou Silk has a long history and tradition, since ancient times, famous ever. Huzhou silk with its beautifully slow
Peerless exported to the country in the world, enjoy the "clothing world" reputation has gone through during the difficult twists and turns. Today the ancient Kam, review the historical development of Huzhou Silk Road, for the revitalization of our traditional
Industry, carry forward the silk culture, of great significance. Huzhou Ji Yuan village famous painter Zhao Meng Gu in the "Wu Fu" in the "flat land there Sangma clouds have depressed" sentence, Ming dynasty, a
Poet. In the poem Ode to Lake million "green suburbs Sang soft" sentences, the two images vividly summed up in the spring of wild mulberry Huzhou eye over and over, Emerald green landscape, Dianran a special Huzhou sericulture plantation economy
Color, and the specific silkworm rural scenery. Huzhou is the birthplace of silk. Huzhou Silk has a long history, dating back over 4700 years of history. Huzhou Silk has a "small, round, uniform, Kennedy"
And "white, clean, soft, tough," the characteristics of world-renowned. Spring and Autumn to the Northern and Southern Dynasties, Huzhou silk damask more than ten countries to export to the Tang Dynasty, Huzhou silk into the peak, are listed
Tribute to the imperial court. AD 1292, the Italian traveler Marco Polo to Huzhou, travels, writes: "This gentle people, clothing grade silk, which relies on business to live." Visible Huzhou
Silk has been developed to a very high level. To the Ming Dynasty, along the Taihu Lake area, the villagers concurrently textiles, producing cotton, silk, silk, silk, collectively, the "Crape"; Qing Xianfeng reign (1851), Huzhou Silk
As the only products to participate in the World Expo in London won the first prize, 1910, Huzhou Silk Southern Seas will be to participate in extra fine award; award in 1915 in Panama Exposition, 1929,
First West Lake Expo has been the National Grand Prize. Huzhou Silk "crown in the country, known the world", the "Huzhou Silk heaven" in the world, Huzhou, Huzhou silk has now become the economic development
Show-quality products, sold at home and abroad, domestic and foreign consumers.

Third: A brief history
Holocene warm period (Atlantic period) has brought a warm climate, mulberry and silkworm breeding that can be carried out in a wide range of the Yellow River Basin. According to legend, the Yellow Emperor's wife, Lei Zu Faming
"Sericulture taking silk", but in reality when the silk was invented what is still controversial. Chinese archaeologists in Henan in 1998, Taiwan Tsing Xingyang an archaeological site, we found about 5500 years ago
Silk pieces. Another argument is that people in the Hemudu ruins have been discovered in the textile tools used to infer at least no later than silk Culture (Wesleyan, "Chinese silk technology
Start time of operation "). But the world's most influential argument is Archaeology Chinese scientists in 1958 discovered, dating back 5300 years (Dawenkou culture period) silk fabric.
 
V: Silk Development
Existing archaeological discoveries prove that China's silk weaving technology should appear in at least 5500 years ago, China is the most artificial silkworm can be traced back to the third century BC. Xiling Shi Zhinv legend,
Ancestor she enjoyed the Yellow Emperor is the first person sericulture. According to "Chronicle outline outside the mind" set, Ancestor, "Christian education beginning of silkworm cocoons for silk clothing rule, while the world without the risk of cracked chilblains, later worship
Six: Silk Source
Silk, silkworm cocoon spinning is made after the preparation of the natural protein fiber, and then carefully compiled from the textile, silkworm mulberry germination occurs normally starts from the silkworm child
Occurs, known as the incubation period in air circulation, temperature and humidity suitable for indoor protection of 12-13 days. The silkworm egg incubation, hatching out of the ant silkworm only 3mm long, 0.5mg weight, through the mulberry
25-28 days of rearing, silkworm mature long before the 7.5-9cm. Weighing about 4-5g, in the silkworm education period, the humidity, ventilation, feeding leaves, remove the excretion of silkworm silk sand and crushed leaves to the silkworm cooked Shangcu
For the cocoon, is a series of more detailed processes. Silkworm cocoons Shangcu cooked, the next step is to wire around. During storage in order to avoid living in cocoons of moth pupae and simple to kill the pupa cocoon drying device
Cocoon cocoon use of heat to kill the pupae living chamber, and remove the appropriate amount of water. Reeling in many ways, according to the different ups and downs of reeling cocoons, reeling can be divided into floating, semi floating reeling, Shen reeling three

 
Seven: Silk Weaving
    After the raw silk as silk, weft yarn, woven into the process of silk is silk technology. All kinds of different silk production process, generally divided into two types of living organizations and cooked texture.
Health Organization is the warp and weft yarn dyed first made without refined fabrics, known as the gray silk fabric, dyed and then Pichou refining products. The production cost is low, the process is short, silk production is shipped
With the main mode. Cooked texture, warp and weft yarn means dyed before weaving, weaving after the gray silk fabric dyed without re-branding by refining products. This approach used for the production of advanced silk fabrics, such as weaving
Brocade, taffeta and so on.
In weaving, the need to prepare for work, such as softening the sericin impregnation, can improve product performance and wire and twist wire, as well as warping, pirn and so on. Meanwhile, moisture silk
Strong, but also proof of work to do. Silk production and use of current automated loom are: for the production of synthetic filament fabric multi-color water-jet loom and the weft jacquard fabric in the production of the sword
Bar loom.
Silk fabric patterns from the pattern elements can be divided into simple and complex flower fabric woven of two.
1. Su fabric
 "Plain," the name suggests, is not "flower" refers to any make-up without modification. Organized by the composition of the surface of the base of the original Su Jie, no pattern of fabric called the prime fabric. To
Base of the original organization, based on a point by the organization or an organizational point of latitude along the vertical or horizontal or both increased by the same point of latitude and longitude of the organization, making changes in organization, such organization composed of
Material is also known as Su fabric.
Plain changes in organizations, including The rib, weft rib, square flat, flat weight change, change Fang Ping, still maintains the characteristics of plain weave; twill changes in tissue packets
Including strengthening twill, compound twill, Yamagata twill, broken twill, denim emergency, relief and shadow denim twill, twill retains its surface characteristics of the organization; satin changes include strengthening the organization
Satin, change the satin, satin shadows.
 
  2. Jacquard Fabric
Also known as flower jacquard fabric. Flower fabric into small and large patterns fabric pattern fabric two. Means the application of a small pattern fabric and fabric posed by the joint organization,
Patterns in the fabric surface showed small or stripe. Changes in organization, refers to the organization of Mihara point by the organization to add any point of the formation of tissue organization. The joint organization refers to the joint of two
Or two or more organizations or changes in the base of the original tissue and form a new organization.
Large fabric patterns fabric pattern referred to, is the application of certain organizations, in their last show one or more different organizations, different colors, different patterns of raw materials. A pattern jacquard fabrics
The number of cycles a lot of latitude and longitude lines, which can be hundreds or even thousands root root, so the system can only be woven on jacquard looms.
Colorful silk dyeing and finishing of a fine crystal. Printing processes in the production of silk has a pivotal position. Only the use of finishing techniques, to heart
Suoyu to our favorite colors and patterns and then seamlessly Baipi now on, so that the fabric is more rich in art. The process includes the refining of raw silk and fabrics, dyeing,
Printing and finishing four finishing processes.
VIII: Silk and etiquette
China is the ceremonies, ancient attire. Confucian family system theory for the generation of Chinese etiquette, development and improvement have a profound impact. The development of Chinese silk to a certain extent
Huang Huang is also a microcosm of etiquette. It can be said, the ancient Chinese silk dress is the "sub-hierarchy, do not equally important," one of the tools ritual system, the physical and chemical performance of the feudal patriarchal clan system.
Clothing worn by the emperors of special tags, you need a set of formal clothing system to be provided, and must be strictly enforced. Emperor is the people look up to the real dragons,
Has an extremely distinguished identity, their clothes, accessories, from a string of gems, a crown plate, a pattern, a color to an accessory, large color shapes of clothes, small length of thread,
Clothing, are associated with the ritual. Therefore, the regal attire of the entire clothing system and the cornerstone of the criterion.
According to historical records: in the era before the Yellow Emperor, it is first inserted feathers to cover the heat, wearing animal skins to ward off the cold. To the Yellow Emperor in charge of the world before the first production of clothes,
And the implementation of the whole world. "Book of Changes under copulative" reads: "Yellow Emperor, Yao, Shun and the world hanging clothes rule the universe to take cover." Here the "dress down" refers to sewing clothes. Moreover, the Yellow Emperor,
Yao, Shun and clothes, which was created for a last look, jacket lower part, so the body's upper half and lower half will have the clothes.
  
   "Standard" special clothing seen in the Zhou Dynasty emperors. Rulers at the time by the persons for various types of clothing have strict rules, and is included in "Etiquette" category. Class hierarchy is
Obviously, does not allow wanton transgression. Was developed textile, printing and dyeing technology, Zhou dynasty apparel system provides the perfect solid material foundation. His assistant, the Duke of Zhou Cheng Wang Ji Dan, for the
Consolidation of the Western Zhou government, developed a relatively complete system of patriarchal hierarchy ladder to express official in court, Gongqing out, such as the T-shirt after the lower part Oscillation example, have poor, and clothing crown
Form, texture, color, patterns, accessories and other express provisions in detail, as an important part of Zhou Dynasty.
According to the "Book of Changes" record: "Tianxuan (day blue, not black) to yellow (Land color)." Bet the king in Heaven when clothes are the clothes for the mysterious, mysterious means black, both red yellow
The color, the black fabric of the shirt Xuan Yi, Sang lower part is the red yellow. T-shirt painted with sun, moon, stars, mountains, dragons, insects and other chapters of China, similar to today's hand-painted clothing, is a painter
Directly draw with pen and ink pigments on cloth; lower part is with embroidery, there were Yi, algae, fire, rice powder, embroidery, embroidery and other chapters, a total of twelve chapters patterns.
This second chapter has its own unique pattern of symbolism: sun, moon, stars, whichever Zhao Lin light, such as the Yao Sanko; dragon, to change, whichever is the meaning of God, symbolizing the ranks of the decent random should be
Change; Hill, whichever is whichever is the town that could cloud or heavy character, a symbol of the king re quiet town square; China worms, pheasant genera, whichever has the article (WC), that the king has the virtue of article; cases Yi,
Ancestral worship is a ritual, which was painted a tiger and a snake to show the king has the depth of knowledge, but also meaning that whichever Hau; algae, whichever is clean, a symbol of pure and noble meaning;
Fire, whichever is light, rate of fire up a group of Lebanese who go on to the meaning of life; powder meters, whichever is the meaning of white people and can raise; embroidery, embroidered black and white for the ax-shaped, whichever can be decisive meaning, embroidery and ax in
Similar pronunciation, ancient but also common; embroidery, embroidered blue and black bow contrary to the shape of the two, whichever is the meaning of next debate.
Weeks ago, the emperor embroidered clothing that is the second chapter painted patterns, to the Zhou Dynasty, as flags on the day, month, star patterns, the clothing will not repeat, change second chapter IX.
Decoration order, headed dragon, dragon, mountain, China, insects, fire, Yi is the number of hand-painted; algae, rice powder, embroidery, embroidery is the rust to their work. Subsequent dynasties, the basic pattern of the continuation of the second chapter
Traditional pattern, XII emperors gradually became a special decoration, it is the symbol of kingship in ancient China. Chapter Twelve dragon and phoenix, the emperor dedicated gradually, Long became emperor
Symbol, the phoenix is ??the supreme representative of women.
XI: Silk Category
1. Silk fifth category
According to weave, warp and weft line combinations, the performance of processing and the shape of the silk silk variety of surfaces by 14 categories. Inter yarn, Romania, regardless of floral velvet, to the Ministry of organizations, Zhen all categories
According to Ministry is based. Each category can have silk side factors (training, bleaching, dyeing) or flowers (weaving, printing) performance.
 (1). Spinning: The plain weave, the use of raw or semi-dyed weaving process, warp and weft are generally not twisted or weak twist, silk surface than the flat ting, spinning the sacrifice is the texture of thin but strong Tao.
 (2). Crepe: The plain, or other organization, by strengthening the twist or the weft, or warp and weft are strengthening the twist, was obvious remorse and flexible crepe fabric.
 (3). Satin: The satin weave, silk fabric surface smooth and shining.
 (4). Damask: The change is twill weave or twill weave, clear diagonal lines appear before silk fabric.
 (5). Yarn: application of all or part of the organization's fabric yarn, from A and B by the weft yarn twist every one made.
 (6). Romania: Romania organized in whole or in part of the application of fabric, from the A and B by the wire at intervals of three months or more than one weft side twisted into odd, ie, that the Luo.
 (7). Cashmere: Cashmere organizations all applications, silk pile or loops appear before the fabric.
 (8). Jin: Application of satin, twill weave, the pattern is beautiful and colorful fine yarn-dyed jacquard fabric.
 (9). Raw silk: The plain or received through the hole thin yarn fabric organization.
 (10). It: The latitude and longitude of various organizations and coarse thread, texture and rich, with a sense of wool fabric.
 (11). Ge: The plain weave, twill and changes organizations, by Qu Wei Shu, the fine latitude coarse, thick texture, silk fabric patterns appear before horizontal spindle.
 (12). Ti: The plain weave, made by filament yarn, cotton or other yarns as the weft, coarse texture of thick fabric.
 (13). Silk: for plain weave, fine texture, smooth, crisp fabric.
 (14). Silk: The plain or changes in organization, closely interlaced warp and weft of fabric.
  (15). 缂 (engraved): The pass through the (back) made plain weft way or the other organizations of the special fabric.
2. Silk five food groups
 (1). De Chine: to use the plain weave, the untwisted weft left with two right-twist silk, silk crepe effect even appear before the fabric.
 (2). Georgette: The plain weave, warp and weft by two right-left twist thread, texture, scale sparse thin, silk crepe side effects with yarn and fabric eye.
 (3). Bi crepe, the untwisted, crepe weft line with Bi (20/22Dx3 plus S twist 1600T / m, then and 20/22D1 root, add Z twist 1600T / m), is a fine crepe fabric.
 (4). Shun Yu: The twisted, with a single twist weft silk, crepe silk fabrics appear before vertical.
 (5). Taft: The plain weave, warp and weft first scouring, crisp texture of cooked fine fabric.
 (6). Habotai: silk (silk oak in) woven plain weave fabric of Health.
 (7). Thin spinning: The raw silk weaving, silk square lies 6m / m and below the plain weave fabric.
 (8). Silk: silk warp and weft are made of plain weave fabric.
 (9). Cotton silk: warp and weft are made of plain weave fabric spinning.
 (10). Double Palace: Palace of all or part of a dual filament fabric.
 (11). Knots: knots used in whole or in part, bamboo yarn, fabric effect was swelling on the skin.
 (12). Star patterns: The organization crepe fabric.
 (13). Rib: one or both sides of the fabric was light bar.
 (14). Flower Line: All or part of the use of color or mixed colors line twisting fabric.
 (15). Section: silk surface showing horizontal straight strip of fabric patterns.
 (16). Lattice: Lattice presented silk surface pattern fabric.
 (17). Through the cold: The yarn false organization, constitutes a space like yarn through the eye of the fabric.
 (18). Dyed: All or part of the Silk fabric used.
 (19). Double: The triple organizations, all have the same type of front and back twill or satin weave fabric.
 (20). Bump: a concave-convex pattern of the fabric.
 (21). Yamagata; applications or zigzag twill Yamagata, Yamagata, or showed a jagged fabric flower.
 (22). Flower: jacquard fabric.
 (23). Revised flower: the pruning of jacquard fabric.
 (24). Light: bright light viscose or semi-pure copper wire of ammonia were silk.
 (25). Matt: matt viscose or pure silk matte copper ammonia were silk.
 (26). Flash ultra-bright light special section with synthetic filament plain woven or woven, the fabric was flash effect.
 (27.) Light: The gold and silver money (aluminum skin) of pure woven or woven, the fabric was light effect.
 (28). Health: The silk weaving, without scouring the fabric.
 (29). Special dyeing: The use of tie-dye or other special weft yarn dyeing process, was the second tie-dye color effect color and fabric.
 (30). Printed by: The line of woven silk fabric after printing.
 (31). Larong: After finishing brushed fabric.
 (32). Li Rong: After finishing velvet fabric.
 (33). Kimono: width at 40cm below, or the whole site in the organization has cut open the seam below 40cm for the processing of special products and services.
 (34). Great article: Jingwei large oak bar with plain weave silk fabric.
 (35). Kesi: Through pass through the (back) made plain weft way or the other organizations of the special silk 【Article is excerpted from: Baidu Encyclopedia】
【Network reprint / Just reference】
【Translation is by Goolge】