中华人民共和国电力法(附英文)

１９９５年１２月２８日第八届全国人民代表大会常务委员会第十七次会议通过
  
          目  录

第一章  总  则
第二章  电力建设
第三章  电力生产与电网管理
第四章  电力供应与使用
第五章  电价与电费
第六章  农村电力建设和农业用电
第七章  电力设施保护
第八章  监督检查
第九章  法律责任
第十章  附  则
  
          第一章  总  则
    第一条  为了保障和促进电力事业的发展，维护电力投资者、经营者和使用者的合法权益，保障电力安全运行，制定本法。
    第二条  本法适用于中华人民共和国境内的电力建设、生产、供应和使用活动。
    第三条  电力事业应当适应国民经济和社会发展的需要，适当超前发展。国家鼓励、引导国内外的经济组织和个人依法投资开发电源，兴办电力生产企业。
    电力事业投资，实行谁投资、谁收益的原则。
    第四条  电力设施受国家保护。
    禁止任何单位和个人危害电力设施安全或者非法侵占、使用电能。
    第五条  电力建设、生产、供应和使用应当依法保护环境，采用新技术，减少有害物质排放，防治污染和其他公害。
    国家鼓励和支持利用可再生能源和清洁能源发电。
    第六条  国务院电力管理部门负责全国电力事业的监督管理。国务院有关部门在各自的职责范围内负责电力事业的监督管理。
    县级以上地方人民政府经济综合主管部门是本行政区域内的电力管理部门，负责电力事业的监督管理。县级以上地方人民政府有关部门在各自的职责范围内负责电力事业的监督管理。
    第七条  电力建设企业、电力生产企业、电网经营企业依法实行自主经营、自负盈亏，并接受电力管理部门的监督。
    第八条  国家帮助和扶持少数民族地区、边远地区和贫困地区发展电力事业。
    第九条  国家鼓励在电力建设、生产、供应和使用过程中，采用先进的科学技术和管理方法，对在研究、开发、采用先进的科学技术和管理方法等方面作出显著成绩的单位和个人给予奖励。
  
          第二章  电力建设
    第十条  电力发展规划应当根据国民经济和社会发展的需要制定，并纳入国民经济和社会发展计划。
    电力发展规划，应当体现合理利用能源、电源与电网配套发展、提高经济效益和有利于环境保护的原则。
    第十一条  城市电网的建设与改造规划，应当纳入城市总体规划。城市人民政府应当按照规划，安排变电设施用地、输电线路走廊和电缆通道。
    任何单位和个人不得非法占用变电设施用地、输电线路走廊和电缆通道。
    第十二条  国家通过制定有关>策，支持、促进电力建设。
    地方人民政府应当根据电力发展规划，因地制宜，采取多种措施开发电源，发展电力建设。
    第十三条  电力投资者对其投资形成的电力，享有法定权益。并网运行的，电力投资者有优先使用权；未并网的自备电厂，电力投资者自行支配使用。
    第十四条  电力建设项目应当符合电力发展规划，符合国家电力产业>策。
    电力建设项目不得使用国家明令淘汰的电力设备和技术。
    第十五条  输变电工程、调度通信自动化工程等电网配套工程和环境保护工程，应当与发电工程项目同时设计、同时建设、同时验收、同时投入使用。
    第十六条  电力建设项目使用土地，应当依照有关法律、行政法规的规定办理；依法征用土地的，应当依法支付土地补偿费和安置补偿费，做好迁移居民的安置工作。
    电力建设应当贯彻切实保护耕地、节约利用土地的原则。
    地方人民政府对电力事业依法使用土地和迁移居民，应当予以支持和协助。
    第十七条  地方人民政府应当支持电力企业为发电工程建设勘探水源和依法取水、用水。电力企业应当节约用水。
  
          第三章  电力生产与电网管理
    第十八条  电力生产与电网运行应当遵循安全、优质、经济的原则。
    电网运行应当连续、稳定，保证供电可靠性。
    第十九条  电力企业应当加强安全生产管理，坚持安全第一、预防为主的方针，建立、健全安全生产责任制度。
    电力企业应当对电力设施定期进行检修和维护，保证其正常运行。
    第二十条  发电燃料供应企业、运输企业和电力生产企业应当依照国务院有关规定或者合同约定供应、运输和接卸燃料。
    第二十一条  电网运行实行统一调度、分级管理。任何单位和个人不得非法干预电网调度。
    第二十二条  国家提倡电力生产企业与电网、电网与电网并网运行。具有独立法人资格的电力生产企业要求将生产的电力并网运行的，电网经营企业应当接受。
    并网运行必须符合国家标准或者电力行业标准。
    并网双方应当按照统一调度、分级管理和平等互利、协商一致的原则，签订并网协议，确定双方的权利和义务；并网双方达不成协议的，由省级以上电力管理部门协调决定。
    第二十三条  电网调度管理办法，由国务院依照本法的规定制定。
  
          第四章  电力供应与使用
    第二十四条  国家对电力供应和使用，实行安全用电、节约用电、计划用电的管理原则。
    电力供应与使用办法由国务院依照本法的规定制定。
    第二十五条  供电企业在批准的供电营业区内向用户供电。
    供电营业区的划分，应当考虑电网的结构和供电合理性等因素。一个供电营业区内只设立一个供电营业机构。
    省、自治区、直辖市范围内的供电营业区的设立、变更，由供电企业提出申请，经省、自治区、直辖市人民政府电力管理部门会同同级有关部门审查批准后，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府电力管理部门发给《供电营业许可证》。跨省、自治区、直辖市的供电营业区的设立、变更，由
国务院电力管理部门审查批准并发给《供电营业许可证》。供电营业机构持《供电营业许可证》向工商行政管理部门申请领取营业执照，方可营业。
    第二十六条  供电营业区内的供电营业机构，对本营业区内的用户有按照国家规定供电的义务；不得违反国家规定对其营业区内申请用电的单位和个人拒绝供电。
    申请新装用电、临时用电、增加用电容量、变更用电和终止用电，应当依照规定的程序办理手续。
    供电企业应当在其营业场所公告用电的程序、制度和收费标准，并提供用户须知资料。
    第二十七条  电力供应与使用双方应当根据平等自愿、协商一致的原则，按照国务院制定的电力供应与使用办法签订供用电合同，确定双方的权利和义务。
    第二十八条  供电企业应当保证供给用户的供电质量符合国家标准。对公用供电设施引起的供电质量问题，应当及时处理。
    用户对供电质量有特殊要求的，供电企业应当根据其必要性和电网的可能，提供相应的电力。
    第二十九条  供电企业在发电、供电系统正常的情况下，应当连续向用户供电，不得中断。因供电设施检修、依法限电或者用户违法用电等原因，需要中断供电时，供电企业应当按照国家有关规定事先通知用户。
    用户对供电企业中断供电有异议的，可以向电力管理部门投诉；受理投诉的电力管理部门应当依法处理。
    第三十条  因抢险救灾需要紧急供电时，供电企业必须尽速安排供电，所需供电工程费用和应付电费依照国家有关规定执行。
    第三十一条  用户应当安装用电计量装置。用户使用的电力电量，以计量检定机构依法认可的用电计量装置的记录为准。
    用户受电装置的设计、施工安装和运行管理，应当符合国家标准或者电力行业标准。
    第三十二条  用户用电不得危害供电、用电安全和扰乱供电、用电秩序。
    对危害供电、用电安全和扰乱供电、用电秩序的，供电企业有权制止。
    第三十三条  供电企业应当按照国家核准的电价和用电计量装置的记录，向用户计收电费。
    供电企业查电人员和抄表收费人员进入用户，进行用电安全检查或者抄表收费时，应当出示有关证件。
    用户应当按照国家核准的电价和用电计量装置的记录，按时交纳电费；对供电企业查电人员和抄表收费人员依法履行职责，应当提供方便。
    第三十四条  供电企业和用户应当遵守国家有关规定，采取有效措施，做好安全用电、节约用电和计划用电工作。
  
          第五章  电价与电费
    第三十五条  本法所称电价，是指电力生产企业的上网电价、电网间的互供电价、电网销售电价。
    电价实行统一>策，统一定价原则，分级管理。
    第三十六条  制定电价，应当合理补偿成本，合理确定收益，依法计入税金，坚持公平负担，促进电力建设。
    第三十七条  上网电价实行同网同质同价。具体办法和实施步骤由国务院规定。
    
    电力生产企业有特殊情况需另行制定上网电价的，具体办法由国务院规定。
    第三十八条  跨省、自治区、直辖市电网和省级电网内的上网电价，由电力生产企业和电网经营企业协商提出方案，报国务院物价行政主管部门核准。
    独立电网内的上网电价，由电力生产企业和电网经营企业协商提出方案，报有管理权的物价行政主管部门核准。
    地方投资的电力生产企业所生产的电力，属于在省内各地区形成独立电网的或者自发自用的，其电价可以由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府管理。
    第三十九条  跨省、自治区、直辖市电网和独立电网之间、省级电网和独立电网之间的互供电价，由双方协商提出方案，报国务院物价行政主管部门或者其授权的部门核准。
    独立电网与独立电网之间的互供电价，由双方协商提出方案，报有管理权的物价行政主管部门核准。
    第四十条  跨省、自治区、直辖市电网和省级电网的销售电价，由电网经营企业提出方案，报国务院物价行政主管部门或者其授权的部门核准。
    独立电网的销售电价，由电网经营企业提出方案，报有管理权的物价行政主管部门核准。
    第四十一条  国家实行分类电价和分时电价。分类标准和分时办法由国务院确定。
    对同一电网内的同一电压等级、同一用电类别的用户，执行相同的电价标准。
    第四十二条  用户用电增容收费标准，由国务院物价行政主管部门会同国务院电力管理部门制定。
    第四十三条  任何单位不得超越电价管理权限制定电价。供电企业不得擅自变更电价。
    第四十四条  禁止任何单位和个人在电费中加收其他费用；但是，法律、行政法规另有规定的，按照规定执行。
    地方集资办电在电费中加收费用的，由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府依照国务院有关规定制定办法。
    禁止供电企业在收取电费时，代收其他费用。
    第四十五条  电价的管理办法，由国务院依照本法的规定制定。
  
          第六章  农村电力建设和农业用电
    第四十六条  省、自治区、直辖市人民政府应当制定农村电气化发展规划，并将其纳入当地电力发展规划及国民经济和社会发展计划。
    第四十七条  国家对农村电气化实行优惠>策，对少数民族地区、边远地区和贫困地区的农村电力建设给予重点扶持。
    第四十八条  国家提倡农村开发水能资源，建设中、小型水电站，促进农村电气化。
    国家鼓励和支持农村利用太阳能、风能、地热能、生物质能和其他能源进行农村电源建设，增加农村电力供应。
    第四十九条  县级以上地方人民政府及其经济综合主管部门在安排用电指标时，应当保证农业和农村用电的适当比例，优先保证农村排涝、抗旱和农业季节性生产用电。
    电力企业应当执行前款的用电安排，不得减少农业和农村用电指标。
    第五十条  农业用电价格按照保本、微利的原则确定。
    农民生活用电与当地城镇居民生活用电应当逐步实行相同的电价。
    第五十一条  农业和农村用电管理办法，由国务院依照本法的规定制定。
  
          第七章  电力设施保护
    第五十二条  任何单位和个人不得危害发电设施、变电设施和电力线路设施及其有关辅助设施。
    在电力设施周围进行爆破及其他可能危及电力设施安全的作业的，应当按照国务院有关电力设施保护的规定，经批准并采取确保电力设施安全的措施后，方可进行作业。
    第五十三条  电力管理部门应当按照国务院有关电力设施保护的规定，对电力设施保护区设立标志。
    任何单位和个人不得在依法划定的电力设施保护区内修建可能危及电力设施安全的建>物、构>物，不得种植可能危及电力设施安全的植物，不得堆放可能危及电力设施安全的物品。
    在依法划定电力设施保护区前已经种植的植物妨碍电力设施安全的，应当修剪或者砍伐。
    第五十四条  任何单位和个人需要在依法划定的电力设施保护区内进行可能危及电力设施安全的作业时，应当经电力管理部门批准并采取安全措施后，方可进行作业。
    第五十五条  电力设施与公用工程、绿化工程和其他工程在新建、改建或者扩建中相互妨碍时，有关单位应当按照国家有关规定协商，达成协议后方可施工。
  
          第八章  监督检查
    第五十六条  电力管理部门依法对电力企业和用户执行电力法律、行政法规的情况进行监督检查。
    第五十七条  电力管理部门根据工作需要，可以配备电力监督检查人员。
    电力监督检查人员应当公正廉洁，秉公执法，熟悉电力法律、法规，掌握有关电力专业技术。
    第五十八条  电力监督检查人员进行监督检查时，有权向电力企业或者用户了解有关执行电力法律、行政法规的情况，查阅有关资料，并有权进入现场进行检查。
    电力企业和用户对执行监督检查任务的电力监督检查人员应当提供方便。
    电力监督检查人员进行监督检查时，应当出示证件。
  
          第九章  法律责任
    第五十九条  电力企业或者用户违反供用电合同，给对方造成损失的，应当依法承担赔偿责任。
    电力企业违反本法第二十八条、第二十九条第一款的规定，未保证供电质量或者未事先通知用户中断供电，给用户造成损失的，应当依法承担赔偿责任。
    第六十条  因电力运行事故给用户或者第三人造成损害的，电力企业应当依法承担赔偿责任。
    电力运行事故由下列原因之一造成的，电力企业不承担赔偿责任：
    （一）不可抗力；
    (二)用户自身的过错。
    因用户或者第三人的过错给电力企业或者其他用户造成损害的，该用户或者第三人应当依法承担赔偿责任。
    第六十一条  违反本法第十一条第二款的规定，非法占用变电设施用地、输电线路走廊或者电缆通道的，由县级以上地方人民政府责令限期改正；逾期不改正的，强制清除障碍。
    第六十二条  违反本法第十四条规定，电力建设项目不符合电力发展规划、产业>策的，由电力管理部门责令停止建设。
    违反本法第十四条规定，电力建设项目使用国家明令淘汰的电力设备和技术的，由电力管理部门责令停止使用，没收国家明令淘汰的电力设备，并处五万元以下的罚款。
    第六十三条  违反本法第二十五条规定，未经许可，从事供电或者变更供电营业区的，由电力管理部门责令改正，没收违法所得，可以并处违法所得五倍以下的罚款。
    第六十四条  违反本法第二十六条、第二十九条规定，拒绝供电或者中断供电的，由电力管理部门责令改正，给予警告；情节严重的，对有关主管人员和直接责任人员给予行政处分。
    第六十五条  违反本法第三十二条规定，危害供电、用电安全或者扰乱供电、用电秩序的，由电力管理部门责令改正，给予警告；情节严重或者拒绝改正的，可以中止供电，可以并处五万元以下的罚款。
    第六十六条  违反本法第三十三条、第四十三条、第四十四条规定，未按照国家核准的电价和用电计量装置的记录向用户计收电费、超越权限制定电价或者在电费中加收其他费用的，由物价行政主管部门给予警告，责令返还违法收取的费用，可以并处违法收取费用五倍以下的罚款；情
节严重的，对有关主管人员和直接责任人员给予行政处分。
    第六十七条  违反本法第四十九条第二款规定，减少农业和农村用电指标的，由电力管理部门责令改正；情节严重的，对有关主管人员和直接责任人员给予行政处分；造成损失的，责令赔偿损失。
    第六十八条  违反本法第五十二条第二款和第五十四条规定，未经批准或者未采取安全措施在电力设施周围或者在依法划定的电力设施保护区内进行作业，危及电力设施安全的，由电力管理部门责令停止作业、恢复原状并赔偿损失。
    第六十九条  违反本法第五十三条规定，在依法划定的电力设施保护区内修建建>物、构>物或者种植植物、堆放物品，危及电力设施安全的，由当地人民政府责令强制拆除、砍伐或者清除。
    第七十条  有下列行为之一，应当给予治安管理处罚的，由公安机关依照治安管理处罚条例的有关规定予以处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
    （一）阻碍电力建设或者电力设施抢修，致使电力建设或者电力设施抢修不能正常进行的；
    (二)扰乱电力生产企业、变电所、电力调度机构和供电企业的秩序，致使生产、工作和营业不能正常进行的；
    （三）殴打、公然侮辱履行职务的查电人员或者抄表收费人员的；
    （四）拒绝、阻碍电力监督检查人员依法执行职务的。
    第七十一条  盗窃电能的，由电力管理部门责令停止违法行为，追缴电费并处应交电费五倍以下的罚款；构成犯罪的，依照刑法第一百五十一条或者第一百五十二条的规定追究刑事责任。
    第七十二条  盗窃电力设施或者以其他方法破坏电力设施，危害公共安全的，依照刑法第一百零九条或者第一百一十条的规定追究刑事责任。
    第七十三条  电力管理部门的工作人员滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，依法给予行政处分。
    第七十四条  电力企业职工违反规章制度、违章调度或者不服从调度指令，造成重大事故的，比照刑法第一百一十四条的规定追究刑事责任。
    电力企业职工故意延误电力设施抢修或者抢险救灾供电，造成严重后果的，比照刑法第一百一十四条的规定追究刑事责任。
    电力企业的管理人员和查电人员、抄表收费人员勒索用户、以电谋私，构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任；尚不构成犯罪的，依法给予行政处分。
  
          第十章  附  则
    第七十五条  本法自１９９６年４月１日起施行。
  
          附：刑法有关条款
    
    第一百零九条  破坏电力、煤气或者其他易燃易爆设备，危害公共安全，尚未造成严重后果的，处三年以上十年以下有期徒刑。
    第一百一十条  破坏交通工具、交通设备、电力煤气设备、易燃易爆设备造成严重后果的，处十年以上有期徒刑、无期徒刑或者死刑。
    过失犯前款罪的，处七年以下有期徒刑或者拘役。
    第一百一十四条  工厂、矿山、林场、建政企业或者其他企业、事业单位的职工，由于不服管理、违反规章制度，或者强令工人违章冒险作业，因而发生重大伤亡事故，造成严重后果的，处三年以下有期徒刑或者拘役；情节特别恶劣的，处三年以上七年以下有期徒刑。
    第一百五十一条  盗窃、诈骗、抢夺公私财物数额较大的，处五年以下有期徒刑、拘役或者管制。
    第一百五十二条  惯窃、惯骗或者盗窃、诈骗、抢夺公私财物数额巨大的，处五年以上十年以下有期徒刑；情节特别严重的，处十年以上有期徒刑或者无期徒刑，可以并处没收财产。
  
        Electricity Law of the People's Republic of China
  
      【注】  (Dec. 28, 1995)
  
          Whole document

Electricity Law of the People's Republic of China
  
          Chapter I General Provisions

Article 1
    This law is formulated to guarantee and promote the development of the
electric power industry, to safeguard the legal rights  and  interests  of
investors, operators and users of electric power, and to maintain the safe
operation of electric power.
Article 2
    This law is applicable  to  activities  concerning  the  construction,
production, supply and utilization of electric power within the boundaries
of the People's Republic of China.
Article 3
    The electric power industry shall fit the needs  of  national  economy
and social development and develop in  advance  appropriately.  The  State
encourages and guides legal investment in the development of power sources
and the establishment of power  production  enterprises  by  domestic  and
overseas economic organizations or individuals.
    Investment in the power industry shall implement the principle of
"whoever invests, benefits."
Article 4
    Electric power facilities shall be under the protection of the State.
    It is forbidden for any unit or individual to endanger the  safety  of
electric power facilities or  to  illegally  occupy  or  utilize  electric
energy.
Article 5
    The construction, production, supply and utilization of electric power
shall protect the environment according to law,  adopt  new  technologies,
minimize discharge of poisonous waste, and  prevent  pollution  and  other
public hazards.
    The State encourages and  supports  electricity  generation  by  using
renewable and clean energy resources.
Article 6
    The administrative  department  of  electric  power  under  the  State
Council shall be responsible  for  the  supervision  and  control  of  the
electric power industry throughout the country. The departments  concerned
under the State Council  shall,  within  the  scope  of  their  respective
authorities, be responsible for the supervision and  control  of  electric
power industry.
    The comprehensive administrative  departments  of  economy  under  the
local people's governments at and above the county level,  acting  as  the
administrative departments of electric power in their  own  administrative
divisions, shall be responsible for the supervision  and  control  of  the
electric  power  industry.  The  departments  concerned  under  the  local
people's governments at and above the county level shall, within the scope
of their respective authorities, be responsible for  the  supervision  and
control of electric power industry.

Article 7
    Electric power construction enterprises,  production  enterprises  and
network operation enterprises shall operate autonomously,  be  responsible
for their own profits and losses, and be subject to the supervision of the
administrative departments of electric power, according to law.
Article 8
    The State assists and supports minority  nationality  areas,  frontier
and remote areas, and poverty-stricken areas  to  develop  their  electric
power industries.
Article 9
    The State encourages the adoption of advanced science  and  technology
as well as managerial methods in the construction, production, supply  and
utilization of electric  power,  and  gives  awards  to  those  units  and
individuals that achieve remarkable successes  with  regard  to  research,
development, and adoption of advanced science and technology  as  well  as
managerial methods.
  
          Chapter II Construction of Electric Power

Article 10
    The planning for electric power development shall be drawn up  on  the
basis of the requirements of national economy and social  development  and
shall be put into the plan of national economy and social development.
     The  planning  for  electric  power  development  shall  reflect  the
principles of rational utilization of energy,  coordinated development  of
the power sources and power networks, increasing  economic  benefits,  and
being conducive to environmental protection.
Article 11
    The construction and retrofit planning of urban power  networks  shall
be put into the overall urban planning.  The  urban  people's  governments
shall arrange to provide land  for  substation  facilities,   transmission
line corridors, and cable channels in accordance with the planning.
    No unit or  individual  may  illegally  occupy  or  utilize  the  land
designated to substation  facilities,  transmission  line  corridors,  and
cable channels.
Article 12
    The State formulates relevant policies to support and promote electric
power construction.
    The local people's governments shall  adopt  diversified  measures  in
line with local conditions to develop  power  sources  and  promote  power
construction on the basis of  the  electric  power  development  planning.
Article 13
    Investors in electric power shall enjoy  legal  rights  and  interests
over the electricity generated from their  investment.  Where  electricity
thus generated feeds into the power network, the investor shall  have  the
priority in utilization; where a captive power plant is  not  in  parallel
operation with the power network, the investor shall have the authority in
deciding the utilization on its own.
Article 14
    Power construction  projects  shall  conform  to  the  electric  power
development planning as well as the State's  industrial  policies  on  the
power industry.
    No power equipment and technology declared obsolete by  formal  decree
of the State shall be used for power construction projects.
Article 15
    Projects for power networks such as  transmission,  substation,  power
dispatching telecommunication and automation projects,  and  environmental
protection  projects,  shall  be  designed,   constructed,  inspected  for
acceptance  and  put  into  operation  simultaneously   with   electricity
generation projects.

Article 16
    Land  used  for  power  construction  projects  shall  be  handled  in
accordance with relevant laws and administrative regulations; and  in  the
case where the land is legally requisitioned, the  land  compensation  fee
and relocation compensation fee shall be paid therefor according  to  law,
and the relocation of residents shall be handled properly.
    Power construction shall carry out the principles of giving  practical
protection to cultivated land and economizing on land utilization.
    The local people's governments shall  support  and  assist  the  legal
utilization of land and the relocation of residents for the sake of  power
construction.
Article 17
    The local people's governments  shall  support  power  enterprises  in
exploring water resources, tapping and using water according  to  law  for
the construction of electricity generation projects. The power enterprises
shall economize on water.
  
          Chapter III Electric Power Production and Power Network Management

Article 18
    Electric power production and power network operation shall be in line
with the principles of safety, high quality and economy.
    The operation of power networks shall be maintained  in  a  continuous
and stable way and the reliability of power supply  shall  be  guaranteed.
Article 19
    Electric power enterprises shall strengthen  the  management  on  safe
production, adhere  to  the  principle  of  safety  first  and  prevention
prevailing, and set up and  improve  the  responsibility  system  of  safe
production.
    Electric power enterprises shall carry out regular  check,  inspection
and maintenance on power facilities in order  to  guarantee  their  normal
operation.
Article 20
    Enterprises engaged in the  supply  and  transportation  of  fuel  for
electricity generation and electric  power  production  enterprises  shall
supply,   transport,  and  unload  and  take  delivery  of  such  fuel  in
accordance  with  the  relevant  regulations  of  the  State  Council   or
contractual agreements.
Article 21
    Unified dispatch and hierarchical management shall be  implemented  in
the operation of power networks.  No  unit  or  individual  may  illegally
intervene in the dispatch of power networks.
Article 22
    The  State  advocates  parallel  operation  between  power  production
enterprises and power  networks  or  among  networks.  Requests  by  power
production enterprises with the qualifications  of  an  independent  legal
entity to feed its electricity generated into a  power  network  shall  be
accepted by the network operation enterprises.
    Parallel operation must be consist with the standards of the State  or
the power industry.
    The  two  parties  in  parallel  operation  shall  sign  the  parallel
operation agreements and stipulate the rights and obligations of  each  in
accordance  with  the  principles  of   unified   dispatch,   hierarchical
management, equality and mutual benefits, and reaching  unanimity  through
consultation; in the case where the two parties fail to reach  a  parallel
operation agreement, the administrative department of  electric  power  at
and above the provincial level  shall  coordinate  and  make  a  decision.
Article 23
    The regulations for power network dispatch  and  management  shall  be
worked out by the State Council subject to the  provisions  in  this  law.
  
          Chapter IV Supply and Utilization of Electric Power

Article 24
    The State adopts the  principles  of  safe,   economical  and  planned
supply and utilization of electric power.
    The regulations of supply and utilization of electric power  shall  be
worked out by the State Council on the basis of the provisions in this
law.
Article 25
    Power supply enterprises shall supply power to the users within  their
franchised service areas.
    The division of electricity service areas shall take into account such
factors as the structure of power networks and the  rationality  of  power
supply. Only one power supply enterprise  shall  be  established  in  each
electricity service area.
    The establishment or alteration of electricity  service  areas  within
the  territories  of  provinces,  autonomous  regions  or   municipalities
directly under the Central Government shall be  applied  by  power  supply
enterprises,  such application shall be  examined  by  the  administrative
departments of electric power under the people's governments at the  level
of provinces,  autonomous regions, or municipalities  directly  under  the
Central Government in conjunction with relevant departments  at  the  same
level, if approved, the said administrative departments of electric  power
shall issue the  Power  Supply  Business  Permits.  The  establishment  or
alteration of trans-regional electricity service areas shall  be  examined
by the  administrative  department  of  electric  power  under  the  State
Council, which, if approved, shall issue the Power Supply Business Permit.
Power supply enterprises shall not begin operation until  they  apply  for
and obtain the  business  licenses  from  the  industrial  and  commercial
administrations by showing the Power Supply Business Permit.
Article 26
    Power supply enterprises in any  electricity  service  area  shall  be
obligated to supply power as the State  stipulated  to  the  users  within
their service areas. Power supply enterprises shall not  be  permitted  to
violate the State's regulations by refusing to supply power to any unit or
individual applying for electricity within their service areas.
    Applications for new electricity  utilization,  temporary  electricity
utilization, increases in capacity of electricity utilization, as well  as
alteration and termination of electricity utilization shall accomplish the
procedure as stipulated.
    Power supply enterprises shall, at their business  places,   publicize
the procedures, rules and the charge standard on electricity  utilization,
and shall provide any other relevant  information  the  users  must  know.

Article 27
    The power supply party and utilization party shall, on  the  basis  of
the  principles  of  equality,   voluntary  participation   and   reaching
unanimity through consultation, sign  the  power  supply  and  utilization
contract to stipulate the rights and obligations of both parties  in  line
with the regulation of power supply and utilization drawn up by the  State
Council.
Article 28
    Power supply enterprises shall  guarantee  that  the  quality  of  the
electricity they supply to the users is in conformity to the standards  of
the State. Problems of electricity quality caused by utility power  supply
facilities shall be solved without delay.
    In case that a user has special  requirement  on  electricity  quality
power,  supply  enterprises  shall  supply  corresponding  electric  power
according to its necessity and  the  possibility  of  the  power  network.
Article 29
    Power supply enterprises shall  supply  power  to  users  continuously
without interruption under normal operation of the  power  production  and
supply systems.
    If it is necessary to interrupt the supply  due  to  such  reasons  as
checking and repairing the power supply facilities, legally limiting power
utilization amount, or due to illegal utilization of electricity by users,
the power supply enterprises shall notify users in  advance  according  to
relevant State regulations.
    Users having disagreements with a power shut-off  by  a  power  supply
enterprise may complain to  the  administrative  departments  of  electric
power;  the complaints  shall  be  handled  by  the  said  departments  in
conformity with legal provisions.
Article 30
    In the event of emergency power supply for  rescue  and  relief  work,
power supply enterprises must arrange power supply as  soon  as  possible.
The expenses for power supply project  and  the  charges  for  electricity
utilization payable shall be handled according to the relevant regulations
of the State.
Article 31
     Power  users  shall  install  electricity  meters.  The   amount   of
electricity utilized by the user shall be  the  amount  indicated  by  the
electricity meters certified by an institution of measurement appraisal in
conformity with legal provisions.
    The design,  construction  and  installation,  as  well  as  operation
management of power-receiving devices of users shall  be  consistent  with
the State standards or the standards of the power industry.

Article 32
    Electricity utilization by users shall  not  endanger  the  safety  of
power supply and utilization, nor disturb the order of  power  supply  and
utilization.
    Power supply enterprises are entitled to stop anyone from  endangering
the safety of power supply and utilization  or  disturbing  the  order  of
power supply and utilization.
Article 33
    Power supply enterprises shall calculate and collect  the  electricity
fees from users according to the electricity price that has been  examined
and approved by the State and the records of the electricity meters.
    Safety inspectors, meter readers, and fee collectors of a power supply
enterprise shall present proper identification when entering user's  house
to conduct safety inspections, read the meters, or collect the fees.
    Power users shall pay  electricity  fees  on  time  according  to  the
electricity price examined and approved by the State and  the  records  of
electricity meters, and shall provide convenience and  assistance  to  the
safety inspectors, meter readers, and fee collectors in  fulfilling  their
duties in conformity with legal provisions.
Article 34
    Power supply enterprises and users shall  both  observe  the  relevant
regulations of the State by adopting efficient  measures  to  achieve  the
safe,
economical and planned use of power.
  
          Chapter V Electricity Price and Electricity Fee

Article 35
    Electricity price herein refers to the power purchase price  from  the
power production enterprises  by  the  power  network,  the  mutual-supply
electricity  price  among  interconnected   power   networks,    and   the
electricity sale price of the power networks to the users.
    The electricity price shall be  based  on  the  principle  of  uniform
policy,  unified pricing and be regulated at different levels.
Article 36
    The formulation of electricity price shall be based on the  principles
of reasonably compensating the cost,  reasonable  profits,  computing  tax
according  to  law,  fairly  dividing  the  cost,  and   promoting   power
construction.
Article 37
    The power purchase price shall follow the principle of equal price for
the same electricity quality on the same power network.  Specific  methods
and implementation procedures shall be worked out by the State Council.
    For those power production enterprises which need to set the  purchase
price differently under a special situation,  specific  methods  shall  be
worked out by the State Council.
Article 38
    For the power purchase price of a  power  network  spanning  different
provinces,  autonomous  regions,  or  municipalities  directly  under  the
Central Government, as well as in a provincial power network,  a  proposal
shall be made through consultation by the  enterprises  engaged  in  power
production and power network operation, and shall be examined and approved
by the pricing administrative department of the State Council.
    For the power purchase  price  of  an  independent  power  network,  a
proposal shall be made through consultation by the enterprises engaged  in
power production and power network operation, and shall  be  examined  and
approved by the authorized pricing administrative department.
    For the power produced by locally funded power production enterprises,
if forming an independent power network within different  regions  of  the
province or generated for local use, the price may be under the control of
the  people's  governments  of  the  province,    autonomous   region   or
municipality directly under the Central Government.
Article 39
    For the mutual-supply  electricity  price  between  independent  power
networks and networks spanning different provinces, autonomous regions  or
municipalities  directly  under  the  Central  Government,    or   between
independent networks and provincial networks, a  proposal  shall  be  made
through consultation by  the  two  parties,  and  shall  be  examined  and
approved by the pricing administrative department of the State Council  or
its authorized department.
    For  the  mutual-supply  electricity  price  among  independent  power
networks, a proposal shall be made through consultation by the two parties
and  shall  be  examined  and   approved   by   the   authorized   pricing
administrative department.

Article 40
    For the sale price of electricity of power networks spanning different
provinces, autonomous regions or municipalities directly under the Central
Government, as well as provincial networks, a proposal shall  be  made  by
the power network operation enterprises and shall be examined and approved
by the pricing administrative department  of  the  State  Council  or  its
authorized department.
    For the sale price of electricity of  independent  power  networks,  a
proposal shall be made by the power network operation enterprises  and  be
examined and approved by the authorized pricing administrative department.
Article 41
    The State adopts  a  categorized  electricity  price  and  time-of-use
electricity price. The standard for  categorization  and  the  method  for
division of the time period shall be stipulated by the State Council.
    The same standard of the electricity price shall be implemented to all
users of the same category, with the same voltage grade  within  the  same
power network.
Article 42
    The charge standard for power capacity expansion of the users shall be
stipulated by the pricing administrative department  in  conjunction  with
the administrative department of electric  power  of  the  State  Council.
Article 43
    No unit may set the price of  electricity  beyond  its  authority.  No
power supply enterprise  may  change  the  price  of  electricity  without
authorization.
Article 44
    All units or individuals are forbidden to  levy  a  surcharge  on  the
electricity charges, however, for cases with other provisions in laws  and
administrative regulations, those provisions shall be observed.
    For surcharges in the charges of  electricity  generated  for  locally
funded power projects, the pricing methods shall  be  worked  out  by  the
people's  governments   of   the   provinces,   autonomous   regions,   or
municipalities directly under the Central Government based on the relevant
regulations of the State Council.
    Power supply enterprises  are  forbidden  to  charge  power  users  on
others' behalf.
Article 45
    The regulations of power pricing management shall be worked out by the
State Council based on the provisions of this law.
  
          Chapter VI Rural  Electric  Power  Construction  and  AgriculturalUtilization of Electricity

Article 46
    The people's governments of the  provinces,  autonomous  regions,  and
municipalities directly under the Central Government shall  formulate  the
planning for the development of rural electrification and  shall  put  the
planning into the plan of local electric power development as well as  the
plan of national economy and social development.
Article 47
    The State adopts preferential policies for rural electrification,  and
provides  special  support  to  rural  power  construction   in   minority
nationality areas,  frontier and remote areas, and poverty-stricken areas.
Article 48
    The State advocates the exploitation of  rural  hydropower  resources,
the construction of medium and small size hydropower stations  to  promote
rural electrification.
    The State encourages and supports rural areas to utilize solar energy,
wind energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy, and other energy
resources to develop rural electric power  sources  and  to  increase  the
rural power supply.
Article 49
    The local people's governments at and above the county level and their
comprehensive economic departments, when  allocating  electricity  quotas,
shall guarantee  the  proper  proportion  of  electricity  for  rural  and
agricultural utilization, and give priority to the electricity  for  rural
floodwater  drainage,  combat  of  drought,  and   seasonal   agricultural
production.
    Electric  power  enterprises  shall  comply  with  the  allocation  of
electricity as set forth in the preceding section, and  shall  not  reduce
the quotas for rural and agricultural utilization.
Article 50
    The electricity price for agriculture shall be set in accordance  with
the principles of "cost compensation" and "marginal profit".
    The price of electricity  utilized  by  farmers  and  by  local  urban
residents for their living shall be gradually unified.
Article 51
    The regulation on management of electric power  for  agricultural  and
rural utilization shall be worked out by the State Council.
  
          Chapter VII Protection of Power Facilities

Article 52
    No unit or individual may harm electricity generation, substation  and
electric power  line  facilities  as  well  as  their  relevant  auxiliary
facilities.
    Any explosion operations that are conducted in the vicinity  of  power
facilities, and other  work  that  might  endanger  the  safety  of  power
facilities, shall be in accordance with regulations of the  State  Council
concerning the  protection  of  power  facilities,  conducted  only  after
approval and definite measures  for  ensuring  the  safety  of  the  power
facilities are taken.
Article 53
    The administrative department of electric power  shall,  according  to
the regulations of the State Council concerning the  protection  of  power
facilities, set up signs in power facility protection areas.
     No  unit  or  individual  may  construct  any  buildings   or   other
constructional structures, plant vegetation, or place objects which  might
endanger the safety of power facilities within power  facility  protection
areas demarcated according to law.
    Vegetation that imperils  the  safety  of  power  facilities  but  was
planted before the area  was  demarcated  according  to  law  as  a  power
facility protection area, shall be trimmed or cut.
Article 54
    In power facility protection areas demarcated according to law,  units
or individuals may carry out operations that might endanger the safety  of
the power facilities only after approval of the administrative  department
of electric power and definite safety measures have been taken.
Article 55
    If power facilities and public projects,   afforestation  projects  or
other projects obstruct  one  another  in  the  process  of  construction,
reconstruction and expansion, the units involved  shall  begin  operations
only  after  consultation  in  accordance  with   the   State's   relevant
regulations and reaching an agreement.
  
          Chapter VIII Supervision and Inspection

Article 56
    The administrative department of electric power  shall  supervise  and
inspect the implementation of the electricity laws and the  administrative
regulations by electric power enterprises and users.
Article 57
    If needed, the administrative department of electric power  may  staff
electric power supervisory and inspective personnel.
    Electric power supervisory and inspective personnel shall be impartial
and honest, enforce laws justly, be familiar with the electricity laws and
regulations, and master relevant specialized  electric  power  techniques.
Article 58
    When electric power supervisory and inspective personnel perform their
duties, they shall have the rights to ascertain the implementation of  the
electricity laws and the  administrative  regulations  by  electric  power
enterprises  and  users,  scrutinize  relevant  documents,  and  have  the
authority to enter the spots for inspection.
    The electric power enterprises and users shall provide all convenience
to electric power supervisory and inspective personnel who are on duty.
     When  carrying  out  supervision  and  inspection,   electric   power
supervisory and inspective personnel shall present proper  identification.
  
          Chapter IX Legal Responsibility

Article 59
    Electric power enterprises or users who break  the  power  supply  and
utilization contract and thereby cause the other party contractual  losses
shall be liable for compensation according to law.
    Electric power enterprises, in violation of the provisions of  Article
28 or Section 1 of Article 29 of this law, that do not ensure the  quality
of power supply or interrupt the power  supply  without  prior  notice  to
users and thereby cause users losses, shall  be  liable  for  compensation
according to law.
Article 60
    Electric power enterprises that cause users or the third party  losses
or damages because of electric power operation fault shall be  liable  for
compensation according to law.
    Electric power enterprises are exempt from compensation  liability  if
an electric power operation fault  is  caused  by  one  of  the  following
factors:
        (1) force major;
        (2) the user's own fault.
    If losses or damages are caused to electric power enterprises or other
users because of the fault of a user or the third party, the user  or  the
third party causing the losses shall be liable for compensation  according
to law.
Article 61
    For those who violate the provisions of Section 2  of  Article  11  of
this law by illegally occupying  or  utilizing  the  land  for  substation
facilities,  transmission line corridors, and cable  channels,  the  local
people's governments at and above the county level  shall  order  them  to
rectify within a given time period; if a rectification is not made  within
the specified time, the obstacles shall be forcefully eliminated.
Article 62
    For those  electric  power  construction  projects  that  violate  the
provisions of Article 14  of  this  law  by  conflicting  with  the  power
development planning or industrial policy, the  administrative  department
of electric power shall  order  them  to  stop  the  construction  of  the
project.
    Those electric power construction projects that violate the provisions
of Article 14 of  this  law  by  utilizing  electric  power  equipment  or
technology  declared  obsolete  by  formal  decree  of  the   State,   the
administrative department of electric power shall order them to  stop  the
use of such equipment or technology,   confiscate  the  obsolete  electric
equipment and impose a fine of up to 50000 yuan.

Article 63
    For those who violate the provisions of Article  25  of  this  law  by
supplying electricity or changing the service area without permission, the
administrative department of electric power shall order them  to  rectify,
confiscate any illegal gains, and impose a fine of up to  five  times  the
amount of any illegal gains.
Article 64
    For those who violate the provisions of Article 26 or  Article  29  of
this law by refusing  to  supply  electricity  or  by  interrupting  power
supply, the administrative department of electric power shall  order  them
to rectify, and give a disciplinary warning; if the case  is  serious,  an
administrative penalty shall be imposed upon the involved person in charge
and those persons who bear direct responsibility.
Article 65
    For those who violate the provisions of Article  32  of  this  law  by
endangering the safety of power supply and utilization  or  by  disturbing
the order of power supply and utilization, the  administrative  department
of electric power shall order them to rectify and give them a warning.  If
the case is serious or in case of  refusing  to  make  rectification,  the
administrative department of electric power may suspend their power supply
and impose a fine of up to 50000 yuan.
Article 66
    For those who violate the provisions of  Article  33,  Article  43  or
Article 44 of this law by charging users electricity  fees  that  are  not
based on the price approved by the State or that  are  not  based  on  the
records of the electricity meters; or those who exceed their authority  in
setting  electricity  prices  or  in  charging  other  fees,  the  pricing
administrative department shall give them a warning, order them to  return
the fees and charges collected illegally, and may impose a fine of  up  to
five times the amount of the fees and charges collected illegally. If  the
case is serious,  an administrative penalty  shall  be  imposed  upon  the
involved  person  in  charge   and   those   persons   who   bear   direct
responsibility.
Article 67
    For those who violate the provisions of Section 2  of  Article  49  of
this law by reducing the quota for agricultural and rural utilization, the
administrative department of electric power shall order them  to  rectify.
If the case is serious, an administrative penalty shall  be  imposed  upon
the  involved  person  in  charge  and  those  persons  who  bear   direct
responsibility. If losses  are  thereby  caused,  the  violator  shall  be
ordered to make the compensation.

Article 68
    For those who violate the provisions of Section 2  of  Article  52  or
Article 54 of this law by carrying out operations in the vicinity  of  the
power facilities  or  in  a  power  facility  protection  area  demarcated
according to law without permission or without taking any safety measures,
which  endanger  the  safety  of  power  facilities,  the   administrative
department of electric power shall order them to cease  their  operations,
restore to the original state, and to make compensation  for  any  losses.
Article 69
    For those who violate the provisions of Article  53  of  this  law  by
constructing  building  or  other  constructional   structures,   planting
vegetation, or  placing  objects,  which  endanger  the  safety  of  power
facilities in a power facility protection  area  demarcated  according  to
law,  the local people's  government  shall  order  them  compulsorily  to
dismantle  the  construction,   chop  the  vegetation,  or  eliminate  the
objects.
Article 70
    The public security office shall, according to the relevant provisions
of the Public Order Management Regulations, impose a penalty upon  any  of
the following actions. Those actions  which  constitute  crimes  shall  be
prosecuted for criminal liability according to law:
        (1) Hindering or delaying the process of power construction or the
urgent repair and maintenance  of  power  facilities,  thereby  making  it
impossible for the power construction or repair and maintenance  of  power
facilities to be carried out normally;
         (2)  Disturbing  the  order  of  power  production   enterprises,
substations, or power dispatching agencies and power  supply  enterprises,
and thereby making it impossible for normal production, work,  or  service
to be conducted normally;
        (3) Striking or  openly  insulting  electricity  inspector,  meter
reader or fee collector who is carrying out his duty;
         (4)  Refusing  or  preventing  electric  power  supervisory   and
inspective personnel from carrying out  their  duties  according  to  law.
Article 71
    For those who steal electric energy, the administrative department  of
electric power shall order them to stop the illegal behavior, to  pay  the
electricity fees, and to be imposed a fine of up to five times the  amount
of  the  electricity  fees  that  should  be  paid.  Those  actions  which
constitute crimes shall be prosecuted for criminal liability according  to
the provisions of Article 151 or Article 152 of the Criminal Law.

Article 72
    Those who steal, or damage by other means  electric  power  facilities
and harm the public safety, shall be  prosecuted  for  criminal  liability
according to the provisions of Article 109 or Article 110 of the Criminal
Law.
Article 73
    Any person of an  administrative  department  of  electric  power  who
abuses his authority,  neglects his duties, plays favoritism,  or  commits
irregularities, shall be prosecuted for criminal  liability  in  the  case
where a crime is  constituted;  or  an  administrative  penalty  shall  be
imposed in the case where no crime is constituted.
Article 74
    Any staff member or employee  of  an  electric  power  enterprise  who
violates rules and regulations, makes a dispatch contrary to  regulations,
or disobeys the dispatch order and  thereby  causes  a  serious  accident,
shall be prosecuted for criminal  liability  according  to  provisions  of
Article 114 of the Criminal Law.
    Any staff member or employee  of  an  electric  power  enterprise  who
intentionally delays urgent  repair  and  maintenance  on  electric  power
facilities or delays power supply for rescue and relief work  and  thereby
causes serious consequences, shall be prosecuted  for  criminal  liability
according to the provisions of Article 114 of the Criminal Law.
    Management personnel, electricity  inspector,  meter  readers  or  fee
collectors of an electric power enterprise who blackmail the users or seek
personal gains shall be prosecuted for  criminal  liability  in  the  case
where a crime is  constituted;  or  an  administrative  penalty  shall  be
imposed in the case where no crime is constituted.
  
          Chapter X Supplementary Provisions

Article 75
    This law shall come into force on April  1,  1996.
  
          Appendix: Related Articles of the Criminal Law

Article 109
    Those who destroy  electric  power,  gas,   or  other  inflammable  or
explosive  equipment  and  thereby  endanger  public  safety,  if  serious
consequences have not yet resulted in, shall be sentenced to  imprisonment
between three to ten years.
Article 110
    Those who destroy vehicles, traffic equipment, electric power  or  gas
equipment, or inflammable or explosive  equipment,  thus  causing  serious
consequences, shall be sentenced to more than 10 years' imprisonment, life
imprisonment, or death.
    Those who negligently commit the  crime  mentioned  in  the  preceding
section shall be sentenced  to  imprisonment  of  up  to  seven  years  or
criminal detention.
Article 114
    If any staff member or employee of a  factory,  mine,  forestry  farm,
construction  enterprise  or  other  enterprise  or  institution  disobeys
management,  violates rules and regulations, or forces workers to  disobey
instructions and work in an operational risks,  and thereby causes serious
injury or death, the person shall be sentenced to imprisonment  of  up  to
three years or criminal detention; if the case is extremely serious,   the
person shall be sentenced to imprisonment between three  to  seven  years.
Article 151
    Those who steal, cheat, or rob a large amount  of  public  or  private
property shall be sentenced to imprisonment of up to five years,  criminal
detention,  or criminal surveillance.
Article 152
    Habitual thieves, cheats, or those who steal, cheat,  or  rob  a  huge
amount of public or private property shall be  sentenced  to  imprisonment
between five to ten years; if the case is extremely  serious,  the  person
shall  be  sentenced  to  more  than  10  years'  imprisonment   or   life
imprisonment,  and may concurrently be  sentenced  to  a  confiscation  of
property.