黄瓤西瓜多少钱一斤:中学英语要点汇总4
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中学英语要点汇总4
101.room / space / place: 1room“房间”(可数)a room / two rooms
“空间”(不可数):指可以容纳东西或为其它目的而使用的空间。
Could you make roomfor me? 你能为我让一下空间吗?
Is there room for mein the car? 车里有我的位子吗?
2space“空间”普通用语,表示万物存在之处,与“时间”(time)为相对概念。
in the dark space在黑暗的宇宙空间(太空) time and space时间和空间
Is there any space for me in the car? 车里有给我留的空间吗?(此处和room的含义相当)
3place“地方”(可数),指某一具体地点。
I want to live in a place which is warmin winter. 我想住在冬季温暖的一个地方。
102.常见国籍、人与语言的对应:
1China“中国” Chinese(无复数形式)“中国人(的)/ 中文(的)/ 中国的”
a Chinese/ two Chinese“一个 / 两个中国人” Japan, Japanese 和此类似。
2England“英国(原义:英格兰)” (= Britain)
English(无复数形式)“英国人(的)/ 英语(的)/ 英国的”
He is English.(前无冠词)= He is an Englishman.(前有冠词)“他是英国人”
注意复数:They are English.= They are Englishmen. (变为men)
3France“法国” French(无复数形式)“法国人(的) / 法语(的) / 法国的”
The lady is French. (前无冠词)= The lady is a Frenchwoman.(前有冠词)
注意复数:The ladies are French.= The ladies are Frenchwomen.
4Germany“德国” German“德国人(的) / 德语(的) / 德国的”
The boy is a German. (前有冠词) The boys are Germans.(复数加s.)
5America“美国” American“美国人(的)/ 美国的”
He is American.(前常无冠词) They are Americans.(复数加s)
103.易写错词形:◆noise(名词)“噪音”; noisy(形容词); noisily(副词)
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◆health(名词)“健康”; healthy(形容词); healthily(副词)◆luck(名词)“运气”; lucky(形容词)“幸运的”; luckily(副词)
◆succeed(动词)“成功”; success(名词); successful(形容词); successfully(副词)
◆save(动)“救”; safe(形)“安全的”; safety(名)“安全,安全场所”safely(副) “安全地”
◆true(形)“真的,对的”; truly(副)“真正地”; truth(名)“真理, 事实”
◆terrible(形容词)“难受的,可怕的”; terribly(副词)“可怕地”
104. job与work: 1job, 可数:I have a job as a teacher. Jobs are not easy to get.
2work, 不可数:I cannot find work in this town. Have you finished your work?
105.with和in表示“用”:1with用工具:write with a pen / apencil / a piece of chalk
2in用写字材料:write in ink/ pen (材料前无冠词)
106.时刻之表达:1分钟未过半点 如7:20→seven twenty→twenty pastseven;
2:02→two oh two→two past two 以上情况不可用带to的表达,但可用past。
2分钟已过半点 如5:45→five forty-five→a quarter to six→fifteen tosix
1:58→one fifty-eight→two to two 以上情况不可用past, 但可用to.
3刚好半点,如9:30→nine thirty→half pastnine
4刚好整点,如11:00→eleveno’clock 15:00→fifteen o’clock
107.be + 形 + of sb 与 for sb的区别:1It’s kind of you tohelp me. 你帮助我真好。
解释:kind, nice, good, clever, foolish,lazy等词表示的是人的特点或性格。此句相当于在说You arekind to help me. 形容词在描述人而不是事,此情况下介词用的是of. 又如:
It’s very clever of you to do it in such a way. 你用那种方法做它可真太聪明了。(指人聪明)
2It’s easy for you todo the work. 对你来说做这事是容易的。
解释:easy,difficult, necessary, important, dangerous, interesting等词如果在句中不反映人的特点或性格,如此句中并不是在说You are easy. 而是”To do the work is easy”。不是说人,而是说事。此情况下介词用的是for. 又如:It’s dangerous for us to climb the mountain. 不是说“我们”是危险的,而是说“爬山”这件事是危险的。故用for.
108. take, bring, fetch与carry: 都译为“拿”。
◆take“拿走”,从说话人处带到另一处。 Couldyou take the rubbish out when you leave?
◆bring“带来”,从另一处带到说话人处。 Don’t forget to bring yourhomework here tomorrow.
◆fetch“去拿来”,先到另一地拿东西,然后再返回到说话人处。
如: When you go backto the classroom, please fetch me my pen.
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◆carry“拿、搬、扛”,没有特定方向。 Tim is carrying a box.109. 条件与祈使: 有时条件句可以与祈使句相互转换。注意以下句子结构有何不同。
1If you work hard, you willachieve your dream. 含条件句,相当于:
Workhard, and you will achieve your dream. 含祈使句,根据句意,用and连接后一句子。
2If you don’t listen carefully, you won’t understand it. 相当于:
Listen to me carefully, or you won’tunderstand it. 根据句意,用or (否则)连接后一句子。
110. in / on / at + 时间:1in three days (“…时间后”,常用一般将来时。另见92)
in September(in跟“月”) in 1998(in跟“年”) in the 1860s(在十九世纪六十年代)
in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/night (morning / afternoon / evening / night若无前置或后置修饰词时, 用in the …短语。) (in其它用法见58)
2on Christmas Eve; on October 1st; (on跟“日”)
on Sunday evenings; on a cold morning; on a windy night.
on the morning / afternoon / evening / night ofSeptember 10th.
(morning / afternoon / evening / night若有前置或后置修饰词时,如以上划线词,
前面用的是on. 而若是early / late 修饰时,仍用介词in. 如:in an early morning )
on Fridays; onNew Year’s Day; (另见92)
3at 6:00; at Christmas; at noon; at night
111. one day与someday / some day的区别:
1one day“某一天,有一天”既可用于一般过去时,也可用于一般将来时。
Oneday, a stranger came to my house. (指过去的一天,用过去时。)
Iwill achieve my dream one day. 某天我会实现梦想的。 (指将来,用将来时)
2someday = some day“ (将来的)某一天”用一般将来时。可以和one day互换。
We’llbeat them someday. 有朝一日我们会打败他们的。
I’m sure I can win someday. 我确信某天我会嬴。
112. missing与lost: 都可译为“丢失的,失踪的”
但用的分别是动词的现在分词和过去分词形式。
My pen is lost / missing. (表语) I’vefound the missing / lost book. (定语)
113.常见部分名词及其修饰词:1price(价格)常用high 与low修饰。
sell sth at a high / lowprice 以高 / 低价出售. The priceof the shoes is high / low.
2number(数量)常用big / large和small修饰:The number of thestudents is big.
3quality(质量,品质)常用low / poor和high / good修饰。
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4population(人口)常用big / large和small修饰:(以上词都不用many, much修饰。)
114.个别疑问句的常见否定回答:
1What is on the desk? →Nothing. (不用none)
2Who is in theclassroom? → Nobody. (不用none)
3How much water is inthe bottle? → None. (不用nothing)
How many people are in the room? →None. (不用nobody)
(how many / much都是对数量提问,所以用相应表数量的词none回答,
而what / who不表数量,故不用none回答)
115.fun的用法:fun虽然有时有形容词的含义,但大多情况下仍然是不可数名词。
所以大多仍具备名词的用法。识记以下句型或短语,也基本掌握了其用法。
Whatfun! 多么有趣啊!(what 跟名词) It’s such great fun. 这可真有趣。(such加名词)
Skating is great fun. 滑冰太有意思了。(be good / great fun)
havefun (in) doing sth 做某事很快乐 make fun of 取笑
It sounds likefun. 这听起来有趣。(like,“像”,加名词)
116.except /except for / besides: 都译为“除了…之外”
1except后面的人或物不包括在前面对象当中。 We all failed except him.
“我们都失败了,除了他。” 此话意味着他没有失败。“我们”不包括“他”。
2except for 说明整个基本情况后,对细节加以纠正。
The book is good except for its price. 书很好,就是太贵。
He is an able man except forbad memory. 他是个有才能的人,就是记忆力差了点。
(这一短语有时也可等同于except以及besides.但暂不要求掌握。)
3besides和except正好相反,后面的人或物包含在前面对象当中。
We all succeeded besides him.除了他成功外,我们也都成功了。“我们”当中包括“他”。
117.常见带to为介词而不是不定式的短语:
prefer…to…(见27); look forward to …(期待;渴望); pay attentionto…(注意);
be used to …(习惯于,见37); (以上短语可接名词或代词,若接动词,需用ing形式)
the key to…(…的钥匙, …的答案, 后者等于the answer to); the ticket to…(…的票);
the solution to …(…的解决办法) reply to (….的答复); lead to …(引起…)
118.because与why的部分用法:若分别引导从句,即在It’s / That’s 等之后,则because后表原因,why后表结果。如: I came late today. It’s becausethe bus broke down on the way.
和下文比较:The bus broke downon the way. That’s why I came late.
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又如:He broke mywindow, that’s why I was angry. 和下文比较: I was angry with him, that’s because hebroke my window.
119.no与not的区别:
◇no表“无,没有”接名词,等于not one, not a, not any:
Thereis no water in the river. (=not any water)
Ihave no book to read. (=I don’t have a book to read.)
◇no表“不许”,不可用not. 如: No parking. 禁止停车 No photos. 不许拍照
◇no表“不”,后接形容词或副词,相当于not (any).
He feels no worse.他不再感觉难受了。 =He doesn’t feelany worse.
类似,no more = not any more.
◇在对问题的否定回答时,要用no,与yes对应。不用not. 见122.
120. That’s all right / Allright / That’s right. 的区别:
That’s all right. = That’s OK. “没什么,别客气”,是对对方道谢或道歉时的回答。
All right. = OK. “行,好,可以”,表示同意。
That’s right. = You are right. “你说的对;对”,表示认同对方的观点。
121.on表方式的用法(常译为“靠,借助”):I hear music on the radio.
He learns English on TV. He found out theinformation on the Internet.
Tom learned the news on the newspaper. John saw
He told me the news on the phone. (注意:TV前无the.)
122.用yes与no回答时要注意的问题:说话人用yes或no回答对方时,并不表示对对方的观点的赞同或反对,而是在表达自己的看法。如下文几种情况:
He isn’t Tom. / He is Tom. Is he Tom? / Isn’t he Tom?
He is Tom, isn’t he? / Heisn’t Tom, is he?
对以上各句的回答,若是:Yes, he is.则都指“他是Tom.”
而若用No, he isn’t.回答,则都指“他不是Tom.” 同样,以下所有句子:
Lucy likes music, doesn’tshe? / Lucy doesn’t like music, does she?
Lucy likes music. / Lucydoesn’t like music.
Does Lucy like music? / Doesn’t Lucy like music?
回答人若用yes,都表示Lucy喜欢音乐; 若用no, 都表示Lucy 不喜欢音乐。
不规则动词表
原形 过去式 过去分词
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