香缇丽舍蛋糕店哪里有:中学英语要点汇总4

中学英语要点汇总3

●也可译为“说”，作及物动词，后接语言。Do you speak English / Chinese?

61.sometimes / some times /sometime / some time:

sometimes: “有时”=at times.    He is sometimes late for school. （sometimes在be后）

 I sometimes forgot my homework.  （sometimes在实义动词前）

Sometimeshe becomes very angry. （sometimes 也可放在句首或句尾）

some times: “几次”I have been to Nanjing sometimes.

sometime: “某一时刻” I bought it sometime lastspring. 我去年春天某个时候买的它。

We’ll meet again sometimenext week. 我们下星期某个时候会再见面的。

 some time: “一段时间”We have to stayhere for some time.

62.need 的用法：1need可当情态动词（和can等用法类似，但need只用于疑问句或否定句中）： Need I go now?  (need 放在一般疑问句的开头)  

I needn’t tell you theanswer.  (否定句中直接在need后加not)  

【当情态动词时，need无时态变化。】

2need 可当行为动词（和want 等用法类似）：

He needs a bike. (后可直接加名词)

 I needto go over my lessons. (后可接带to不定式)

 Do you needto have a rest? （一般疑问句中do, does, did在句首）

 We don’tneed to wait for her coming. (否定句中do, does, did提前)

—18—

 = The TV needs repairing.】

63.do with 与deal with: 都译为“处理，对付，安排，应付”

What have you done with the milk?  用what提问。

How shall we deal with this problem?   用how提问。

下面两句由此而来：Could you tell me whatto do with the milk?

Could you tell me howto deal with this problem?

64.就近原则：常见的有：Either you orLucy is wrong.

There is a dog and twocats in the yard.  (there be句型)

 Not only you but (also) I am strict inthe work.

 Neither you nor Lucy has seen the filmbefore.

65.主谓一致：One / Neither of you isright.   （单数谓语）

Tom, with his friends, hasgone.  (主语是Tom, 单数谓语)

This pair of shoes looks beautiful.  （主语是pair, 谓语用单数）

The shoes look beautiful.  （此句主语无pair, 谓语用复数）

Every boy and every girl has a chance to doit.  （此结构中用单数谓语）

The old need to be looked after carefully.  Theyoung are energetic.

(the加形容词表一类人或物，谓语用复数)

Mr.and Mrs. Green are from America.指格林夫妇  (复数谓语)

The teacher and writer is an ableman.  指教师兼作家, 一个人，单数谓语。 

Bothyou and I are excited about the news.  （both…..and …做主语，谓语用复数）

the number of与a number of参见39.    （分数表达见50, 其它见74之5）

66.quite / such /really用法之一：如果出现不定冠词时，不定冠词常放在后面。

 It’s quitean easy question.   He is quite a clever boy.

 It’s suchan important lesson.(另见33)   Lily is reallya lazy girl.

67.部分用what 提问的句型：

 What size do you want? 你想要多大尺寸的？

 What will you do with the problem?  你将怎样处理这个问题？

 What’s the population of China?  中国的人口是多少？

What day is it today?今天星期几？   What’s the date today? 今天几月几号？

What’s the price of this one?  这个价钱是多少？

What’s your address? 你的地址是什么？ 

—19—

68.there be部分用法：●there be 后跟的是名词。如：There will be raintomorrow.

   此处名词rain不能用rainy, raining等形式。

 ●常有以下结构: there may / will / must / is going to / used to /…be. …

 ●there be中不可再出现have / has / had (译为“有”) 的词。

 ●there be 后接的是表示泛指的名词，即不加the.  There is adog under the desk.

  There is nowater in the bottle.    There are some books on the shelf.

●There is only a studenttaking notes now. (划线部分逻辑上是主谓关系，动词加ing)

  There is no need to open the box.  There are 20 trees to be planted.  There is nothing to do.

   （划线部分逻辑上不是主谓关系，动词常用带to 不定式。）

●反意疑问句用法见45。

69.常见表否定的词或短语:no, not, hardly,few, little, neither, nor, nothing, nobody, none, nowhere, never等.(但前缀如dis--, un--, in--,im--, mis--或后缀如—less等词并不表否定。)

 有些词或短语有时在某些句型中也相当于否定，如without,  too…to…

without anything,    too tired to go any further

70.常见后接动词原形的词或短语: why not / hadbetter / please /would you please / let / make / 情态动词，等等。 （have“使、让”，可接动词原形，其它用法，另见36）

【注意否定形式： had better /would you please / let直接加not + 动原；

而please加don’t + 动原】

71.常见后接动词ing的词或短语：finish / enjoy / practice / give up / end up / put off / consider /keep / feel like / prefer…to…/ can’t help（禁不住） / be busy / beworth（值得） / take turns（轮流） / miss(错过) / spend / have fun / 介词等。

72.常见后接带to不定式的词或短语：want / hope / wish / allow / encourage(鼓励)/ ask / tell /pretend(假装) / decide / plan / invite /urge / advise / warn / seem / in order (为了) 等等。

疑问词后也可跟带to不定式, 如how to do it。  it作形式主语，后也常有带to不定式。 

【否定形式：以上大多词 + not + to do sth】

73.被动语态 (be + 动词过去分词) 用法：1主动语态为下列情况时被动语态的变化：

一般情况：I saw theaccident . →The accident was seen by me.

Weoften do homework at night. →Homework is often doneat night.

双宾情况:He told us a story.→We were told astory.(无to)→A story wastold to us.(有to)

 She passed me a pen.→I was passeda pen.（无to）→A pen waspassed to me. (有to)

情态动词:We can makea plan. →A plan can be made.

—20—

完成时态：I have finishedthe work. →The work has been finished.   (have been done)

被动语态其它用法分别见6和36.

 2被动语态常跟的介词：（以下面短语为例）

bemade in + 地点   These watches are made in Shanghai.

  be made of + 眼睛可以看出的原材料  This desk is made of wood. （仍能看出木头）

  be made from +眼睛看不出的原材料  The paper is made from wood. （看不出木头）

  be used for + 目的   English is often used for business.  （用于商业目的）

    This machine is used for cuttingthings.  （用于切割东西）

  be used as …被用来当作……  English is used as a foreign language in China.

  be made by + 人    The model ship was made by Lily.

  be filled with / be covered with是固定短语，分别译为“被充满了…”和“被覆盖着…”

  The room is filled with smoke.     This bag is filled with rice.

Theground is covered with snow.    The hillis covered with trees.

74.名词或所属格作定语：1强调性别时a man doctor / twomen doctors ；  

a woman teacher / six womenteachers    a man cleaner / some mencleaners

被修饰词是单数时，性别也用单数；被修饰词是复数时，性别也用复数。

 2a girl actor / four girl actors  a boy player / two boy players

 a bus station / some bus stations  复数只变被修饰的词, 定语不再变复数。

 3a boys’ team / a gentlemen’sholiday / Teachers’ Day / Children’s Day / Nurses’ Day……

“复数 + ’s ” 作定语，译为“…的…”

 4Father’s Day / Mother’sDay  此处“单数 + ’s ”作定语。

 5and连接的名词所属格：Lucy’s and Ann’s fathers are workers.  分别是两个人的爸爸，所以应分别加 ’s，做主语时谓语用复数。而下一句：Lucy and Ann’s father is very interesting. 两人共有的爸爸，两人后只加一个 ’s. 做主语时谓语用单数。

75.win与beat区别：都有“赢”的意思。 win后加物：I’m sure Jim will win the match. 

We won the first placein the sports meeting.  我们赢了第一名。

而beat后加的是人，也可译为“打败”：I’m afraid they will beatus.

 I hope we can beat the boys’ team.  (男子队，相当于人。)

76.it / that / this / one当代词时的部分用法：1it 指上文的某个事物，和上文是同一个。

This book is very useful. Iwill take good care of it.        it也可指上文所说的事：

My son has lost himself inthe computer games. I’m worried about it. 

—21—

The food in China is quite different from that in America.  

The weather of Hainan isbetter than that of Gansu.  

that也可指上文所说的事：

A: I had an accident andbroke my legs.    B: I’m sorry to hear that. 

3 this 更多指下文所说的事：The reason is this : ………..

4one 指代上文所说的某类可数名词单数，指同一类物但不是同一个。

This sweater is too expensive,do you have another one?(也指毛衣，但不是上文那个)

77.at / by the end of,  in the end 的区别：

 1at the end of +时间点或地点，“在…的尽头，在…的末尾”

 They will have a sports meeting at the endof March.  (时间)

 He put some books at the end of thebed.  (地点)

 2by the end of +时间点，“截止到…末”

 若接过去的时间点，常用过去完成时：    We hadbuilt ten buildings by the end of 2002. They had planted six thousand trees by the end of last month.

若接将来的时间，常用一般将来时：We shall finish the work bythe end of next month.

 3in the end “最后”，后不加of 短语：

They wanted to find a placeto rest in, in the end, they saw a village.

78.have gone to/have beento/have been in: 1have gone to+地点“已去了…（还未回来）” -I can’t find thosechildren, where are they?

 -They have gone to the farm. (去了农场，不在这儿)

 2have been to+地点“去过…（原来去过，现在已回）”句尾常接次数或多个地点

或before，或句中常有ever, never等。

 She has been to Qingdao three times.       I have been to two big cities.

 Have you been to Dalian before?           I have never / ever beento Dalian.

 I have never been therebefore.  Where have you been?你去哪儿了？(此行省略了to)

 3have been in + 地点，“已在…（多久了） ”句尾常接for + 时间段，或since + 时间点 / 一般过去时的句子。

 Peter has been in China for a long time.

 I’ve been here for 2 hours / since 2hours ago. (此短语省略了in)

79.all / whole用法：all (of) the land / all (of) the class / all(of) the students…【all 在定冠词the 前】  the whole school / the wholecountry / the whole day… 【whole 在定冠词the 后】

—22—

 I’m a bit / a little hungry.   She feels a bit / a little tired.

 也都可作代词（或形容词），后接不可数名词，但有所不同：

 I have only a little drink.  She ate a little bread and wentout.   (a little 直接加名词) 

而下文：I have only abit of drink.     She ate a bit ofbread. （a bit先加of，再跟名词） 

81.“擅长”与“不擅长”： “对…有利”与“对…有害”：

“擅长”：be good at / dowell in     He is good at math. = He doeswell in math.

 “不擅长”：be bad in / bepoor in / be weak in / do badly in

“对…有利”：be good for    “对…有害”：be bad for

82. 表数量的词与短语的部分用法：1none / all / some / most /more / plenty of / a lot of (lots of) / 后既可接可数名词复数，也可接不可数名词。    2many / (a) few / a number of/ several只接可数名词复数。     3much / (a) little / a bit of只接不可数名词。

83.易用错的副词：1really可修饰动词、副词和形容词，常在它们前面。

I really love reading.  I really miss you. (修饰动词)

 Tom speaks really quickly.  汤姆说得非常快。（修饰副词）

 It’s really kind of you.  你真好。 (修饰形容词)

 2very much常修饰动词want, miss, hate, love, like, dislike, enjoy, takeafter(长得像…), move(使…感动), excite(使…激动)等等。常在句尾。

Jack wants to go there verymuch.  杰克很想去那儿。

I hate reciting the words verymuch. 我很讨厌背单词。

 He enjoyed the film very much.  他很喜欢这部电影。

He takes after his mother verymuch. 他长得很像他妈妈。

(very much 不可修饰形容词和副词：I’m happy verymuch.是错误的。)

3very修饰形容词和副词，放在它们前面：

She is very kind.   I am very happy.   Peter speaks very slowly.

(very不可修饰动词：I very like English.  He verymisses you.等类似结构都是错误的。)

84.常用于现在完成时的词或短语：for（后加时间段，句中谓语用延续性动词）；

since（后加时间点或一般过去时的句子，主句谓语用延续性动词）；

How long（对时间段或for与since引导的内容提问，句中谓语也用延续性动词） 

in / all one’s life（在某人一生）；in / during the past / last+时间段 (在最近的…时间内) ；so far（“到目前为止”）； ever；never；just；before(参见18之4) ；recently；.

—23—

already (用于句中或句尾，用在肯定的陈述句中)

其中ever, just, never,already在句中时常放在动词过去分词前面。如：He has just gone.

85.形容词与副词区别：1形容词修饰名词，作定语（划线部分）：

She is a kindgirl.   What bad weather!   I bought a new bike.

形容词可在系动词后，作表语(划线部分)：

The girl is kind.    His face turned red.   It tastes sweet.

也可放在不定代词或不定副词后面作定语： somewhere warm;anything new (另见10)

2副词(以下划线部分)修饰动词、形容词、副词，也可修饰整个句子，如以下黑体字。

He ran quickly.  Please speak in the class aloud.  Tim livesalone. 修饰动词

She is very angry. He felt too tired.  I’m so lucky. 修饰形容词

He got up quite early. She did it very well.  修饰副词

 Unluckily, I failed the English exam. 修饰整个句子

86.everyday与every day: everyday是形容词，后接名词，“日常的”。He is practicing everyday English.   every day是副词，作时间状语，“每天”。We speak English every day.

87.everyone与every one: 1everyone“每个人；大家；所有人”，只指人。

后不接of短语。Everyone is here except Tom.

2every one“每一个”既可指人，也可指物。后常接of短语。

Every one of us has a dictionary.   Every one of the trees is tall.

88.none与no one: 1no one“没有一人”只指人, 后不接of短语。

No one has been to Beihai Park.  No one told us about it.

(以上因后面无of短语，故不用none)

2none“没有人；没有任何东西”既可指人，也可指物；既可指可数名词，也可指不可数名词。后常接of短语。

None of the childrenhas/have been to Beihai Park.

（此处指人。因后有of短语，故不用no one）

A: How many elephants did yousee there?    B: None.

（对话中none单独用，不指人，故不用no one. 另见114）

89.乘交通工具之表达:1by bike / car / sea(ship) / air (plane)  (前无冠词，且不用复数)

 2on a horseback / hisbike / the plane / a ship   (有冠词或限定词)

—24—

5动词短语: ride abike / a horse;  drive a car;  walk; take a plane / taxi / bus; fly等。

90.kind of 与kinds of: 1kind of 单独用，表示“有点”，后接形容词或副词：

 He is kind of thin.”他有点瘦”   I feelkind of hungry.”我有点饿”

 Uncle Wang speaks kind of quickly. 王叔叔说得有点快。

 2若kind of前有a, this, that, what等，译为“种，种类” 后加名词。

 That kind of question is difficult toanswer. 那类问题难回答。

 What kind of sport do you like best? 你最喜欢何种运动？

 3熟记一些短语：all kinds of...“各种各样的...”  many kinds of“很多种类的”

different kinds of“不同种类的”      后都加名词。

91.rain / snow / wind的常见修饰词：a strong wind“一阵强风”       a heavyrain

“一场大雨”  heavysnow“大雪” （以上修饰词与后面名词组成了名词短语）      

blow hard“猛烈地吹”  snow heavily“下大雪”  rain hard/ heavily“下大雨”

（以上修饰词与前面动词组成了动词短语）

92.day的部分用法：1in eight days“8天后” （in + 时间段 “….时间后”. ）

2in the day / daytime“在白天” （前加“in”）

3on Teachers’ Day / MayDay  on Monday（表节日或星期几，前用”on”. 另见110）

4(in) those / these days“在过去 / 现在”= in the old days   （用”in”）

 5today,  next / last / this / that / every / all day等前面常不加介词。

93.个别名词的部分用法：1family“家庭；家庭成员”指整体时，表示单数，谓语动词用单数形式；指成员时，表示复数，谓语用复数形式：

His family is going tomove.    My family is large.   （以上指整体，谓语用单数）

My family are verywell.我全家人很健康。 （指成员，谓语用复数）

类似的还有：staff(职员)，class, team, public(公众)，government等.

 2有些名词只表复数，谓语只用复数。如people, police, cattle等：

The police are searchingfor a man with a big nose.      Thecattle have been killed .

3deer, fish，sheep等词的单数和复数形式相同： a deer (一只鹿) / two deer (两只鹿)

 a fish (一条鱼) / two fish (两条鱼)      a sheep(一只羊) / some sheep (一些羊)

 另外fish若表示种类时，复数要在后加es:  two fishes(两种鱼)

 4有些名词单数变复数有特殊形式：

—25—

 mouse→mice;   child→children;   ox→oxen (公牛)

 5有些名词通常只有复数形式 (左右对称的)：

 scissors (剪刀)   clothes(衣服)   trousers (裤子)  glasses(眼镜)

 6有些名词只是不可数名词： It’s such great fun.  What fun!    What good news! 

I won’t do anything in suchbad weather.    Can you tell mesome information? 

I like music which ispopular.   类似：a piece of chalk  much knowledge

94.leave的用法：1leave可指“离开”leave Zhengzhou离开郑州

 leave Zhengzhou for Wuhan离开郑州到武汉

 leave for Wuhan动身到武汉   (for后接目的地，而不是出发地)

 2leave留下；忘记  I left my backpack at home.

 leave后接地点，而forget后无地点。如：Sorry, I forgot the money.

95. ill与sick的区别：1都可译为“生病的”。ill只在系动词后作表语：

Her mother was ill inbed.        She feels ill today.

但sick既可作表语： Hermother was sick / ill in bed.     （作表语常是美国英语用法）

也可作定语（即后接名词）：Jane is takingcare of her sick mother. 

(此处是定语，不可用ill. 原因见下文ill用法)

2若ill作定语，译为“坏的，恶劣的”an ill person一个坏人

sick作表语时也常译为“恶心的，想吐的”。

The boy always feels sickwhen he travels by car.

96.return用法：1“返回”，相当于“go back / get back / come back.. 

如：Ann willvisit you when he returns to London.

 （当“返回”时是不及物动词，先加to才可再加地点。另外，return已含有back的意思，后不可再跟back.）

 2“归还”，相当于“give back”如：I have returnedthe dictionary.

（当“归还”时是及物动词，后直接加物，不加to.  同样不可再跟back.）  

You should return thepiano to Dick on time.   （后接有人时，方可加to）

97.favourite 与own的类似结构: 形容词性物主代词 + favorite + 名词 “某人最喜欢的...”。同样，形容词性物主代词 + own + 名词“某人自己的...”

如：My favorite animal isdog.     He found his own bike.

—26—

 1stop doing sth. 停止正在做的某事。He was tired, so he stopped working.

stop to do sth. 停下来做某事（stop后是将要做的事）。

He was tired, so he stopped tohave a rest.

有时两种形式会同时出现：He was tired, sohe stopped working to have a rest.

 2start / begin doing / todo 含义基本相同，但以下情况下start / begin后只接to do: 

★若start / begin 已用进行时态时：He is just beginning / starting to write the letter.

★主语是物而不是人时：The ice began /started to melt.  冰开始融化。

★其后的动词与想法、感情有关时：He began / started tounderstand it.

 3forget / remember to do sth. 忘记 / 想起将要做的事。

forget / remember doing sth. 忘记 / 想起已经做过的事。

 4◆like doing sth. (因爱好而喜欢，表示一种习惯)

Jack likes sleeping inthe class. (在班睡觉虽不是好事，杰克却有这个爱好。表习惯。) 

Jim doesn’t like helpingothers. （无助人的习惯或爱好）

 ◆like to do sth(因明智或正确而喜欢)  She likes tohelp others. （助人正确，所以喜欢。）

 I don’t like to play in thestreet.  (在大街上玩不明智，故不喜欢)

大多情况下区别不明显，接两形式都可。He likes watching / towatch TV.

 5go on doing sth.继续做某事（上文所做的事）   go on to do sth接下来做另一件事.

99.人称代词形式：

主格

宾格

形容词性物主代词

名词性物主代词

反身代词

作主语

作宾语

后要再接名词

后不再接名词

主宾一致

I

me

my ( pen / house...)

mine

myself

you(你)

you

your (bag / car...)

yours

yourself

he

him

his (desk / coat...)

his

himself

she

her

her (hair / books...)

hers

herself

it

it

its (tail / face...)

its

itself

we

us

our (teachers / room...)

ours

ourselves

you(你们)

you

your (class / city...)

yours

yourselves

they

them

their (school / seats...)

theirs

themselves

（如果动词的施动者，即主语，和动词或介词后相应的宾格代词是相同的人或物时，

其宾格代词要用反身代词： I teach myself English.   We solved the problems ourselves.

—27—

100.基数词和序数词：基数词表示人或物的数量。序数词表示人或物的次序。注意以下几种形式：one→first  two→second    three→third   five→fifth  eight→eighth  nine→ninth   twelve→twelfth  twenty→twentieth (thirty, forty,fifty…..都变y为i加 eth.)