鸳鸯怎么养殖:高中英语词语辨析(二)

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according asaccording to

1. according as 根据,随……而定(后接从句)。如:

Everyone contributes according as he is able. 每个人根据自己的能力作出贡献。

You will be praised or blamed according as your work is good or bad. 根据你工作的好坏,你会得到表扬或批评。

According as you are studying now, you won’t make much progress. 根据你现在学习情况来看,你不会有多大的进步。

2. according to

1 根据,按照(主要引出状语)。如:

Everything went off according to plan. 一切都按照计划实现了。

According to my watch it is five o’clock. 照我的表,现在是五点钟。

Each man will be paid according to his ability. 每个人将根据他的能力获得报酬。

注:according to 后一般不接 view(看法)和 opinion(意见)这类词,也不接表示第一人称的代词(me, us)。如:

依我看,这部电影很不错。

正:In my opinion, the film is wonderful.

误:According to my opinion, the film is wonderful.

误:According to me, the film is wonderful.

2 合乎,符合(主要引出表语)。如:

It is not according to his nature to give praise. 他本性不喜欢颂扬。

 

remind sb to do与remind sb of doing

 

先做一道题:

Remind me _______ the medicine tomorrow.

A. of taking                                              B. taking

C. to take                                                 D. take

【陷阱】容易误选A。受 remind sb of (doing) sth 这一常用结构的影响。

【分析】最佳答案为C。比较以下三个结构:

remind sb of [about] sth = 使某人想起某事

remind sb of doing sth = 提醒某人做过某事(暗示动作已发生)

remind sb to do sth = 提醒某人去做某事(暗示动作尚未发生)

请看两个例句:

I reminded him of his promise. 我提醒他做过的诺言。

My wife reminded me of seeing that film. 我妻子提醒我曾经看过那部电影。

Can you remind me to phone her tomorrow? 你明天能否提醒我给她打电话?

 

lie, laid, lay, lain, lying

 

请先看一道题:

When she came several days later, she found that all things still _______ where she had _______ them.

A. lay; laid                                               B. laid; laid

C. lay; lain                                               D. lying; lain

【陷阱】几个干扰项均有可能误选。

【分析】正确答案选A。第一空填lay,它是lie(位于,在)的过去式 lay;第二空 laid,它是 lay(放,置)的过去分词,句意为“……她发现所有东西还在她当时放它们的地方”。请注意 lie, lay 的以下用法及词形变换:

1 lay 有两个常见意思:一是表示“放”、“摆”(及物),二是表示“下(蛋)”(及物或不及物)。如:

Lay your coat on the bed. 把你的外衣放在床上。

Are your hens laying yet? 你的母鸡下蛋了吗?

Will you please lay the table for dinner? 请你摆好餐具准备吃饭好吗?

2 lie 有三个主要意思:一是表示“躺”或“平放”,二是表示“位于”,三是表示“说谎”。用于以上三义时,均为不及物动词。如:

Don’t lie in bed all morning. 别一个上午都躺在床上。

The book lay open on the desk. 那本书摊开着放在桌上。

Don’t lay your coat on the bed. 不要把你的外衣放在床上。

The small town lies among the mountains. 小镇位于群山之中。

I’m sorry I lied to you. 我很抱歉向你撒了谎。

3 这两个词经常被混淆的有时不是其意思,而是其词形。注意下表所示:

 

意 

现在分词

过去式

过去分词

lie

躺,平放,位于(vi.

 lying

 lay

 lain

lie

说谎(vi.

 lying

 lied

 lied

lay

放(vt.),下蛋(vi.&vt.

 laying

 laid

 laid

请做下题(答案均为B) :

1 The hens _____ 50 eggs last week, but this week they aren’t _____.

A. lay, lying                                               B. laid, laying

C. lay, laying                                              D. lied, lying

2 The girl ______ on the ground _____ to me that had _____ the purse on the desk.

A. lying, lay, laid                                      B. lying, lied, laid

C. lie, lied, lay                                          D. lay, lied, lain 

 

choose和choose from

请看题:

There are many kinds _____, but I don’t know which to buy.

A. to be chosen                                         B. to choose from

C. to choose                                             D. for choosing

【分析】此题容易误选C。其实应选B。choose 表示“选择”,其实是指“选择出来”(pick out),而不是指“从……选择”,要表示后者的意思,要用 choose from,有时也用 choose among。同样地,下面两例中的介词 from 也不可省略:

Here are some dictionaries for you choose from. 这些词典可供你选择。

In fact, there are various colors to choose from. 事实上,有各种各样的颜色可供选择。

比较:

He chose a red one. 他选了一个红色的。

He chose from some red ones. 他从一些红色的当中去选。

He didn’t know which to choose. 他不知道选哪个。

He didn’t know which to choose from. 他不知道从哪个当中去选。

请做以下试题(答案选D):

1 “We have sent out two best players to the sports meet. What about you?” “Well, not yet. We have few ______, I’d say.”

A. chosen                                                 B. to choose

C. to be chosen                                         D. to choose from

2 “I’d like to buy an expensive camera.” “Well, we have several models ______.”

A. to pick up                                              B. to pick

C. to choose                                             D. to choose from

 

advertise与advertise for

请看下面一道题:

If you want to sell your product you must _____ it.

A. advertise                                              B. advertise for

C. advertise on                                          D. advertise to

【分析】容易误选B,认为 advertise 的意思是“做广告”,advertise for 的意思“为……做广告”。

事实上,正确答案为A。advertise 可用作及物和不及物动词:用作及物动词时,其意为“为……做广告”、“登广告宣传”;用作不及物动词时,其意为“做广告”、“登广告”,此时通常后接介词 for,表示“做广告征求”。比较:

advertise for sth (sb) 登广告征求或寻找某物或某人 (此时 advertise 不及物)

advertise sth 为……登广告,登广告宣传……(此时 advertise 是及物动词,其后要直接跟被宣传的东西作宾语)

People advertise things that they wish to sell. 人们为要卖的东西登广告。

The manager wants to advertise for a new secretary. 经理想登广告招聘一位新秘书。

再比较以下用例:

advertise jobs 登广告招人

advertise for jobs 登广告求职

 

technology与technique

一、technology的用法

technology 表示“技术”,通常指工业技术或科学技术等,是指科学知识在实践(或某一行业的实践)中的总体运用,其含义较抽象,通常是不可数名词。如:

Modern life depends on good technology. 现代生活依赖先进的技术。

Computer (Medical) technology is changing the world. 电脑(医疗)技术正在改变世界。

It was achieved with the help of modern technology. 借助现代技术,这个目标已经达到。

The results of this research can be applied to new developments in technology. 这项研究成果能应用于新的技术开发方面。

注:有时表示“技术水平”。如:

How good is the technology of these machines? 这些机器技术水平如何?

Britain is behind Japan in developing modern technology. 在发展现代技术(水平)方面英国落后于日本。

二、technique的用法

technique 表示“技术”,是针对方法和技巧而言的,所以它通常可译为“技艺”或“技巧”等,尤其指音乐、艺术、体育、写作等方面的“技巧”。视含义的具体与抽象可用作可数或不可数名词。如:

Technique must be gained by practice. 技巧须通过实践获得。

This musician has perfect technique. 这个音乐家有极高的技巧。

You should improve your writing technique. 你要提高你的写作技巧。

She has fully mastered the technique. 她已完全掌握了这种技术。

In many sports physical fitness is not as important as technique. 在许多体育运动中,体能没有技巧重要。

 

cure 与 treat

一、含义上的区别

用作动词时,两者均可表示“治疗”,但含义有所不同:cure 通常强调结果,指治愈某种疾病或某人的疾病;而 treat 则通常强调过程,指对病人进行诊断和治疗,但不含治好的意思。比较:

A few days’ rest will cure you. 休息几天你的病就好了。

This medicine will cure your cough. 这药可治好你的咳嗽。

The dentist is treating my teeth. 牙科医生在给我看牙。

Is he able to treat this disease (the wound)? 他能治这病(伤)吗?

 

二、搭配上的区别

注意以下两句 cure 和 treat 所搭配的介词不同:

The doctors cured her of cancer. 医生治好了她的癌症。

Which doctor is treating you for your illness? 哪个医生在给你看病?

有时用于引申义。如:

Parents try to cure their children of bad habits. 父母设法纠正孩子们的不良习惯。

 

三、词性上的区别

cure 表示“治疗”时,除用作动词外,还可用作名词。若表示“对……的治疗”或“治疗……的方法”,一般用介词 for。如:

Is there a certain cure for cancer yet? 迄今癌症有无有效的治疗方法?

Scientists have so far failed to provide a cure for the common cold. 科学家们到目前为止还没有找到一种治疗普通感冒的方法。

注:treat表示“治疗”时,不能用作名词,它的名词形式是treatment。如:

I’m sure this treatment will help him (to) be cured. 我相信这种治疗将有助于他痊愈。

The lorry crashed into a queue of people, several of whom had to have hospital treatment. 卡车冲进了一队人群之中,其中有几个不得不住院治疗。

valuable, invaluable valueless, valued

区别一:valuable (宝贵的,有价值的)和 invaluable (极宝贵的,极有价值的)并不是一对反义词,而是一对意义相近的词,后者比前者语气更强,相当于 extremely valuable。如:

It was a valuable (an invaluable) painting. 那是一幅很有(极有)价值的画。

Your help has been valuable (invaluable) to us. 你对我们的帮助是非常宝贵的。

注:在现代英语中,invaluable 通常不用来谈论价格 (price) 或钱  (money),而是指“极其有用的”(=very useful indeed),即侧重品质而不侧重东西。

 

区别二:valuable (宝贵的,有价值的)与 valueless (无价值的,没有用的)是一对反义词。如:

This jewellery is valueless; it is made of glass and ordinary metals. 这首饰不值钱,它是由玻璃和普通金属做的。

The metal looked like gold, but in fact it was valueless [worthless]. 这块金属看起来像黄金,但实际上不值钱。

注:valueless 和 worthless 是同义词,均指“无价值的”、 “不值钱的”。

 

区别三:valued 表示“珍贵的”、“宝贵的”,指对某人来说是珍贵的,但对别人来说却并非如此。如:

The portrait of his grandfather was his most valued possession. 祖父的像片是他最珍贵的东西。

 

aloud, loud, loudly

1. aloud的用法

aloud 只用作副词,不用作形容词,注意以下用法:

(1) 强调“出声”,即把话说出来,而不是在心里默默地“说”,通常与动词 read, speak, think 等动词连用。如:

read aloud 朗读    think aloud 自言自语地说

(2) 表示“大声地”,通常与动词 cry, laugh, shout, call 等动词连用,如:

The boy is crying aloud. 这男孩子在大声哭。

She called aloud for help. 她大声呼救。

 

2. lould的用法

loud 表示“大声”或“响亮”,可用作形容词和副词:

(1) 用作形容词。如:

He has a loud voice. 他嗓子大。

The music is too loud; please turn it down. 这音乐太吵人了,请把音量关小一点。

(2) 用作副词(与 loudly 同义),一般只与动词 speak, talk, laugh, sing 等连用,且必须放在这些动词之后。如:

I can’t hear you, please speak louder. 我听不见,请说大声些。

 

3. loudly的用法

loudly 只用作副词(与用作副词的 loud 同义)。如:

Don’t talk so loudly [loud]. 别这么大声讲话。

注:loudly 比用作副词的 loud 使用范围更广,它除与 speak,talk,laugh 等动词连用外,还可与其他表示声响的动词连用,且可以放在这些动词之前或之后。如:

The man snored loudly. 这个人鼾声打得响。

He heard a cocklock loudly crow. 他听见雄鸡大声啼叫。

另外,在用于比较级或最高级时,通常用 loud,而不用 loudly。如:

Who laughed loudest? 谁笑的声音最大?

 

affect, effect, influence

 

区别一:affect 与 effect 均可表示“影响”,其区别是:前者是动词(及物),主要指一时的影响,着重影响的动作,可指一般意义的影响(不分好坏),也可指不良影响;后者是名词(可数或不可数),两者的关系大致为:affect=have an effect on。如:

To affect a policy is to have an effect on it. 影响一项政策就是对该政策具有一种影响。

The news did not affect her at all.=The news had no effect on her at all. 这条消息对她没有一点影响。

注:effect 有时虽用作动词(及物),但不表示“影响”,而表示“实现”或“产生”等。如:

They effected their escape in the middle of the night. 他们半夜逃脱了。

He effected great changes in the company. 他使公司发生了巨大的变化。

 

区别二:influence 表示“影响”,主要指对行为、性格、观点等产生间接的或潜移默化的影响。可用作动词(及物)或名词(通常不可数,但有时可连用不定冠词)。如:

What you read influences your thinking. 你读的东西对你的思想有影响。

Television has a strong influence on people. 电视对人有很大的影响。

It’s clear that her painting has been influenced by Picasso. 她的画显然受了毕加索的影响。

 

above与over

区别一:两者都可表示“高于”,over 主要表示垂直在上的正上方,而 above 则不一定表示正上方(即可以是正上方也可以不是正上方)。如:

They built a new room above [over] the garage. 他们在车房上加盖了一个新房间。

Can you see the helicopter above [over] the building? 你能看到那架正在建筑物上方飞的直升飞机吗?

He stayed at the hotel above the lake. 他住在可以俯瞰湖泊的旅馆里。

换句话说,表示正上方,两者均可用;不表示正上方,则通常要用 above。

区别二:两者均可表示数目、数量等的“多于”、“超过”、“……以上”。如:

Over [Above] 200 people were there. 有 200 多人在那儿。

There’s nothing in the shop above [over] 50 cents. 这个店里没有一样东西价钱超过五角。

注:但在现代英语中,above 的这种用法已不多见,通常用 over 代之。在现代英语中,above 表示“多于”时,主要用于表示温度、高度以及有纵向标准可比的情况。如:

It is 2 000 ft above sea level. 它海拔 2 000 英尺。

The temperature is two degrees above zero. 温度是零上2度。

区别三:若含有动态或覆盖的意味,通常用 over,而不用 above。如:

He flew over to France. 他飞到了法国。

Come over and see us later. 以后来看我们。

Cover her over with a sheet. 用床单把她盖起来。

 

another, (the) other(s), else; the rest

用法一 another或“another+单数可数名词”泛指“另一个,有一个,再一个”,其复数形式是others或“other+复数名词”泛指“别人或别的物”,有some…others(一些…另一些…)之搭配。如:

1. —What do you think of the cake?

—It’s nice. I’d like to have ________.

A. some other                                        B. another

C. others                                              D. other

【分析】答案选B。another指再来一块或增再加一块。

2. Young people may grow quickly in some ways and more slowly in ________.

A. the other                                           B. some other

C. others                                               D. these others

【分析】答案选C。some…others…一些…另一些…。the other指两者中的“另一个”;some other后必须接名词。

3. Some people like to stay at home on Sunday but ________ like to go to the cinema.

A. another                                             B. other

C. others                                               D. other one

【分析】答案选C。some…others…是固定搭配。再说,根据like可知,主语为复数,也只用这个答案。

 

用法二 the other(+单数可数名词)特指两者中的另一个,常有one…the other(一个…另一个…)的搭配;其复数形式the others或“the other +复数名词”特指在某些人或物中,除去一部分后,“其余的”“剩下的”人或物。如:

I have two brothers. One is a teacher and the other is a worker. 我有两个兄弟。一个是教师,另一个是工人。

I have four pens. One is red; the others (或the other three) are black. 我有三支钢笔,一支是红色的,另两支是黑色的。

 

用法三 another还可用于“another+基数词或few+复数名词”中,与“数词或some+more / other +复数名词”相当。如:

1. Shanghai is a fascinating city and we’ve decided to stay for ________ two weeks.

A. another                                             B. other

C. the other                                           D. other’s

【分析】答案选A。another two weeks = two other / more weeks = a further two weeks。

2. If you want to change for a double room you’ll have to pay ________ $15.

A. another                                             B. other

C. more                                                D. each

【分析】答案选A。another $15就是another 15 dollars。

3. ―Have you finished your report yet?

―No, I’ll finish in ________ ten minutes.

A. another                                             B. other

C. more                                                D. less

【分析】答案选A。

4. I got the story from Tom and people who had worked with him.

A. every other                                       B. many others

C. some other                                        D. other than

【分析】答案选C。some other people…另外一些和他一起工作的人。

 

用法四  注意下列固定用法:each other, one another(相互), one after another(一个接一个), “any other +单数名词”(别的 / 其他的任何一个)。如:

All of us should help each other. 我们应相互帮助。

Tom runs faster than any other boy in his class. 汤姆比他班上其他任何一个男孩都跑得快。

用法五  else只能放在复合不定代词或者疑问词后。如:

Did you see anybody else? 你还看见别的人吗?

Who else was at the party? 聚会上还有谁?

用法六  the rest既可代替可数名词,也可代替不可数名词。而another, other, others, the other(s)只能代替可数名词。如:

1. I have done much of the work. Could you please finish ________ in two days?

A. the rest                                             B. the other

C. another                                             D. the others

【分析】答案选A。选项中只有the rest能代替不可数名词(the work)。

2. Some of the wheat is from Canada. What about ________ ?

A. another                                            B. the other

C. others                                              D. the rest

【分析】答案选D。选项中能替代不可数名词(wheat)的只有the rest。