食道癌切除能活多久:抽雪茄：比抽烟更安全？

提问

Cigar smoking: Safer than cigarette smoking?

抽雪茄：比抽烟更安全？

My husband insists that cigar smoking is safer than cigarette smoking. Is this true?

我的丈夫坚持认为抽雪茄比抽烟更安全，这是真的吗？

Answer

回答

from Richard D. Hurt, M.D.

Richard D. Hurt，医学博士

No. Some people might believe that cigar smoking is safer than cigarette smoking, but it's not. Even if you don't inhale the smoke, it's not safer to smoke any type of cigar. Here's why cigar smoking isn't safer:

不对。虽然一些人相信抽雪茄比起抽烟来更安全，但是事实并不是这样。即使你没有吸入烟雾，抽任何类型的雪茄比起抽烟来，并没有更为安全。原因见下：

Nicotine. Cigars, like cigarettes, contain nicotine, the substance that can lead to tobacco dependence. A single full-size cigar can contain as much nicotine as do several cigarettes. If you inhale cigar smoke, you can get as much nicotine as if you smoked cigarettes. And even if you don't inhale, large amounts of nicotine can be absorbed through the lining of your mouth. Smoking cigars instead of cigarettes doesn't reduce your risk of nicotine dependence.

尼古丁。和香烟一样，雪茄里含有尼古丁，这种物质会导致烟草依赖。单根足尺寸的雪茄中含有的尼古丁相当于好几根根香烟中尼古丁的含量。如果你吸入雪茄的烟雾，你会像抽烟时一样摄入尼古丁。而且，即使你没有吸入雪茄的烟雾，大量的尼古丁仍旧可以通过你的口腔粘膜吸收进入你的身体。因此，用雪茄来代替香烟并不会减少你产生烟草依赖的风险。1

Cancer. All tobacco smoke contains more than 60 chemicals that can cause cancer, and cigar smoke is no exception. Regular cigar smoking increases the risk of several types of cancers, including cancers of the mouth, lip, tongue, throat, esophagus, larynx and lung.

癌症。所有烟草的烟雾中都含有六十种以上致癌化学物，雪茄也不例外。经常抽雪茄会增加你罹患癌症的风险，其中包括口腔癌、唇癌、舌癌、咽癌、食道癌、喉癌和肺癌。

Cardiovascular disease. Regular cigar smoking increases the risk of heart disease, such as coronary artery disease, and lung diseases, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, which make up chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

心血管病。经常抽雪茄烟会增加患心脏病的风险，如冠状动脉病和肺病。其中，肺病包括肺气肿和慢性支气管炎，而慢性支气管炎有可能会导致慢性阻塞性肺病（COPD）。

Oral disease. Cigar smoking increases the risk of oral and dental disease, such as gum disease and tooth loss.

口腔疾病。抽雪茄会增加患有口腔疾病和牙病的风险，如牙龈疾病和牙齿脱落。

Secondhand smoke. Secondhand smoke from cigars contains the same toxic chemicals that secondhand cigarette smoke does. This secondhand smoke puts adults at increased risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease, and can cause ear infections and episodes of asthma in children. Plus, cigars often burn for longer periods of time, which leads to more secondhand smoke in the air.

二手烟。来自雪茄的二手烟与来自香烟的二手烟一样含有同样的有毒化学物质。雪茄的二手烟会增加成年人患癌症和心血管病的风险，并可导致儿童的耳部感染和哮喘发作。此外，由于雪茄比起香烟，通常会燃烧更长时间，因此会产生更多的二手烟雾。

If you're thinking of switching from cigarettes to cigars because you believe cigars are safer, try to quit tobacco entirely instead — especially because cigarette smokers typically inhale the cigar smoke. The greater the intensity and frequency of cigar smoking, the greater the risks. Although occasional cigar smoking isn't thought to be as risky as regular cigar smoking, the only safe level of cigar smoking is none at all.

如果你因为相信雪茄更为安全，因而正在考虑从抽烟转为抽雪茄，请试着戒烟吧——一个特别的原因是抽烟的人通常会吸入雪茄的烟雾。抽雪茄的次数越多、频率越大，其风险也更大。虽然认为偶尔抽抽雪茄的风险并不像经常抽烟那么大，但所谓抽雪茄的安全量平是根本没有的。