陈键锋最帅图片:什么是土壤污染处理？

Thermal Treatment热处理

• Thermal treatment methods generally heat and destroy pollutants through soil.热的治疗方法，一般加热和破坏土壤污染物。 The heat can also destroy or evaporate some chemicals.热也可以摧毁或蒸发，某些化学物质。 In turn, evaporated pollutants move more easily than those in solid form.反过来，蒸发污染物更容易比固体形式。 Once treatment begins, pollutants are steered into and contained within underground wells before getting pumped to the surface.一旦治疗开始，污染物指导和包含在地下井，然后泵送至表面。 Above-ground treatment techniques can then purify the contaminants.上述地基处理技术，可以净化污染物。 Thermal treatment, which has proven particularly successful with non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs), often keeps soil in place and is thus called in situ.热的治疗，特别是与非水相液体（NAPLs）的成功已经证明，经常保持在地方的土壤，因此呼吁在原地。 Examples of thermal treatment techniques include steam injection, hot water injection and radio frequency heating.热处理技术的例子包括注入蒸汽，热水注入和射频加热。

Phytoremediation植物修复

• Phytoremediation is a process that uses plants to stabilize or destroy soil contaminants.植物修复是一个过程，使用稳定或破坏土壤污染物的植物。 A number of different mechanisms exist for this process, including phyto-stabilization and phyto-accumulation.这个过程存在一些不同的机制，包括植物稳定和植物积累。 In the former, chemical compounds produced by plants are used to immobilize contaminants.在前者中，由植物产生的化学化合物，用于固定污染物。 The latter process uses plant shoots and leaves to store contaminants that usually contain metals.后者的过程中使用了植物茎和叶的存储，通常含有金属的污染物。 The plants are specifically chosen for their abilities to absorb large quantities of lead.植物是专门选择了自己的能力来吸收大量的铅。 Poplar trees are among the most widely chosen plants for phytoremediation and require a large surface area of land.杨树是植物修复的最广泛的选择的植物，需要的土地，比表面积大。 In addition to metals, phytoremediation may also be used against pesticides, explosives, fuels and volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds.此外，对金属，植物修复也可能被用来对农药，炸药，燃料和挥发性或半挥发性有机化合物。

Soil Vapor Extraction土壤气相抽提

• Soil vapor extraction (SVE) is an in situ remediation technology that leaves the soil as-is, without moving or digging.土壤气相抽提（SVE）是在离开土壤的原位修复技术，无需移动或挖掘。 The technique uses a vacuum to emit a controlled flow of air through the soil.该技术使用真空排放控制空气流动，通过土壤。 Volatile and some semi-volatile contaminants are then removed.挥发性和半挥发性的污染物，然后删除。 Ground water pumps may be used during the procedure to mitigate water upwelling caused by the vacuums.在手术过程中，可用于地面水泵，以减轻水的上涌造成的真空。 After contaminants are removed, other remediation measures may be necessary if soil cleaning objectives have not been met.污染物被删除后，其他的补救措施可能是必要的，如果土壤清洗的目标没有得到满足。 SVE projects typically require one to three years for completion, and field pilot studies are necessary prior to the procedure for determining feasibility and system configuration. SVE项目通常需要一至三年完成，并实地试验研究之前，有必要确定的可行性和系统配置的过程。

Biosparging Biosparging

• Biosparging is a treatment technique using natural microorganisms, like yeast or fungi, to decompose hazardous soil substances. Biosparging是一种治疗技术，利用天然微生物，如酵母或真菌，分解有害土壤物质。 Some microorganisms can ingest dangerous chemicals without harm.一些微生物可以摄取无伤害的危险化学品。 In turn, those pollutants are rendered into less toxic or nontoxic substances, usually in the form of carbon dioxide and water.反过来，这些污染物渲染成毒性较小或无毒的物质，通常是二氧化碳和水的形式。 To be successful, biosparging requires active and healthy microorganisms.要取得成功，biosparging需要积极和健康的微生物。 This is encouraged via increased bacterial growth in the soil, which creates optimal living conditions.这是鼓励通过增加细菌生长在土壤中，从而产生最佳的生活条件。 After the contaminants are regulated, the microorganisms reduce in number because their food source is gone.后监管的污染物，微生物少一些，因为他们的食物来源消失。 Biosparging can occur under aerobic and anaerobic conditions. Biosparging可以在有氧和无氧的条件下发生。

Electric Resistance Heating电阻加热

• Electric resistance heating works by sending an electrical current into soil through multiple electrodes.电阻加热的工作原理是通过多个电极的电流发送到土壤。 Those electrodes are strategically placed to ensure an entire area is reached.这些电极的战略地位，以确保整个区域达到。 As the electrical current passes through the subsurface, it encounters resistance that heats the soil.由于电流通过地下时，它会遇到阻力，加热土壤。 The soil turns gradually hotter until contaminant compounds reach boiling temperatures.土壤变成逐渐炎热，直到污染物化合物达到沸点。 They then evaporate, and vapor extraction techniques are used to remove fumes.然后，他们蒸发，蒸气萃取技术用于清除烟雾。 Once the vapors are removed, treatment can begin at the soil's surface level.一旦被删除，蒸气治疗，就可以开始在土壤表面的水平。 Benefits of this technique include low levels of disruption, and cleanup that typically occurs within six to 10 months.这种技术的优点包括低级别的中断和清理，通常发生在6至10个月内。

Landfarming Landfarming

• Landfarming occurs above-ground and reduces contaminant concentrations with biodegradation. Landfarming发生地面和生物降解的污染物浓度降低。 This is an ex situ process --- polluted soil is excavated, combined with bulking agents and nutrients and then returned to the earth.这是易地过程---污染土壤的挖掘，结合调理剂和营养物质，然后返回地球。 The soil is spread, tilled and occasionally turned to improve oxygen flow.土壤传播，耕种和偶尔转向提高氧流量。 Improved microbial activity ensues, and with controlled soil conditions, contaminants are degraded.改进了微生物的活动随之而来，并与控制土壤条件，污染物被降解。 Landfarming allows soil to be completely purified of certain pollutants, and it is a simple technique that does not require process controls. Landfarming使土壤完全纯化的某些污染物，它是一个简单的方法不需要过程控制。 The petroleum industry uses landfarming to prevent chemical build-up within soil. landfarming内，以防止土壤化学建立石油工业使用。 Other successfully treated wastes include diesel fuel and wood preservatives.其他成功处理的废物，包括柴油和木材防腐剂。