黄牛滩文言文阅读答案:2011届中考英语冲刺总复习试题及答案2

2011届中考英语冲刺总复习试题及答案2

  三、 构词法
构词有法记无定法
一、利用构词法记忆： 
1．合成法：note＋book→notebook，school＋yard→schoolyard，book＋mark→bookmark 
2．派生法（即在词根上加前、后缀记忆）： 
en－（使……有）＋courage→encourage；inter－（one with another；face to face）＋view→interview；foreign＋er（人）→foreigner，play＋er（执行动作的人）→player，sharpen＋er（执行动作的物）→sharpener；library＋（y→i）an（人）→librarian；miss（v．）＋ing→missing（adj．），probable（adj．）＋（l）y→probably（adv．），sad（adj．）＋ly→sadly（adv．）；compose（v．）＋（e→i）tion→composition（n．），inform（v．）＋（a）tion→information（n．） 
3．转化法： know（v．）→knowledge（n．） 
二、意义关联帮你记忆： 
dictionary—words，umbrella—rain，library—book—shelf，kitchen—cook 
三、英英解释，温故知新： 
abroad—in or to another country，overseas；interview—meeting with sb．
说说记忆单词的方法
词是构成句子的重要元素，词汇量的多少在英语学习中占有重要地位。今天我们讲讲怎样记忆单词。 
一、把单词放入句子中，在一定的语言环境中记忆单词。如果一旦忘记词义，就回忆它所在的句子。很多成绩较好的同学都有一个体会，抓住对句子的理解和背诵这样一个关键，记忆单词一般来说是毫不费力的。 
二、将单词按归类的方法进行记忆。把同义词归成一类，如 learn－－study，between－－among；反义词归成一类，如 left－－right，high－－low，strong－－weak；或根据含义和用途把同一类型的词归成一类，如交通工具类：car，bus，ship，plane，truck，…学科类：maths，science，art，geography，…频度副词类：always，usually，often，sometimes，never，…等等。这样当遇到其中一个词时，头脑中出现的就是一组词，这样记忆单词的效率就会大大提高。同时，还可以掌握词与词之间的区别和各自特殊的用法，将平时极易混淆的单词清楚地区别开来。 
三、利用构词法记忆单词。比如 happy（幸福的），加前缀“un”成为 unhappy（不幸福的），改“y”为“i”加后缀“ness”则变成了名词：happiness（幸福）；“pea（豌豆）”与“nut（坚果）”可合成为“peanut（花生）”；when（何时）＋ever（在任何时候）＝whenever（无论什么时候）等等。 
四、根据记忆与遗忘的规律来记忆单词，即应及时在第二天、第三天甚至以后再读第一天记忆的单词，定期作阶级性的复习，同遗忘作斗争。要记忆单词就不能怕重复，重复也是记忆的一种好方法。 
五、初中阶段还有一个很实用的记忆单词的好方法就是根据音标即单词读音来记单词。只要你首先根据音标把一个单词读准、读对，那么就可根据其读音基本拼写出该单词。首先这要掌握一定的拼读规则。比如“dirty”，根据音标我们就能拼写出d-ir－t－y（在非重读音节中发［i］）。这种方法对于记忆字母较多的单词尤其有效，如“contribution”，根据音标我们可把它分成四部分来记忆：con－tri－bu－tion，这样就能较快地记住单词。 
以系统的方式来学习记忆知识能起到事半功倍的效果。因此背单词时我们一定要留心观察，寻找词与词之间的关系，这样将有助于我们记忆单词。总之，只要我们掌握一些科学的方法，并用心去记忆，就一定能记住英语单词。
合成形容词
英语中有许多种形式的合成形容词，仅在初中阶段需要学习使用的就达九种。现分述如下：
1．数词＋单数名词。
如：20－minute 20分钟的   It＇s 20－minute walk．步行20分钟的路程。  second－class 二等的   That＇s the second－class room．  那是个二等房间。 500－word 五百字的
    This is a 500－word composition．  这是一篇五百字的文章。
2．数词＋单数名词＋形容词。
如：8－year－old 八岁的   Mr Green has an 8－year－old child．  格林先生有个八岁的孩子。
3．数词＋名词的ed形式。如：three－legged 三条腿的   Tom bought a three－legged table yesterday．   昨天汤姆买了一张三条腿的桌子。
4．形容词＋名词。如：
 round－trip来回的；往返的   Do you need a round－trip ticket﹖  你想要一张往返的车票吗？
part－time 非全部工作时间的；兼职的He found a part－time job．    他找到了一份额外的工作。
5．形容词＋名词的ed形式。
如：kind－hearted 好心的    Father Christmas is very kind－hearted．   圣诞老人的心肠非常好。
6．名词＋过去分词。如：man－made人造的
China has sent up many man－made satellites． 中国已发射了许多人造卫星。
7．名词＋名词的ed形式。如：glass－topped带有玻璃罩的
I want to own a glass－topped table．    我想要一张带有玻璃罩的桌子。
8．副词＋过去分词。如：so－called所谓的
I don＇t like those so－called singers．    我不喜欢那些所谓的歌星。
9．副词＋副词。
如：so－so马马虎虎；不好不坏的    My English is just so－so．    我的英语很一般。．
Eg:To an American,a Chinese is a ______. (foreign)   前缀 例词 派生词  
un-“不” happy unhappy  like unlike  usual unusual   friendly unfriendly  
im-“不” possible impossible        后缀 例词 派生词  -er“人” teach/play/clean teacher/player/cleaner    drive driver（以e结尾，-r）  run runner（重读闭音节，双写-er)  
   win winner  travel traveller  -or“人” invent inventor   visit visitor                        
 -ly（副词后缀）
  bad badly   quick quickly  careful carefully  happy  happily   
  deep deeply   lucky luckily   usual usually   noisy noisily   
  slow slowly   angry angrily  strong strongly  quiet quietly                 
 特例：      true - truly    terrible - terribly possible - possibly         
 -ful（形容词后缀）  care  careful   help  helpful   use useful   forget  forgetful          
 -y （形容词后缀）                            
  rain rainy   luck lucky   cloud cloudy   noise noisy（以e结尾，去e，加-y） 
  snow snowy   sun sunny （双写，加-y）  wind windy                
 -ion（名词后缀）     invent invention  operate operation              
 -ness（名词后缀）    busy business  good goodness                 
 一些特例：    
  动词 形容词           动词 现在分词转化为名词 
  sleep asleep   boat boating   die dead   build building   
  enjoy enjoyable  begin beginning    cross crossing  
  名词 形容词  meet meeting  friend friendly  turn turning   
  south southern  shop shopping  wool woolen      
  danger dangerous  动词 过去分词转为形容词   difference different  fry 
 fried     worry worried   
  动词 名词   break broken    know  knowledge  lose lost  
  fly flight   please pleased    please  pleasure  colour coloured        
  名词 名词   动词 现在分词、过去分词转为形容词 
  farm  farmer 农夫   follow following   interest interested“感兴趣的” 只作表语，仅用于be interested in  develop interesting “有趣的” 可作表语和定语     developed “发达的”    developing “发展中的”         
 练习题  1、Lucy can write a letter___Japanese though she has learned it only a few months. 
 A. from   B. to   C. in   D. with  
 2、They will have an English test___two days.   A. for   B. at   C. in   D. after 
3、Wu Dong was born___the evening of April 2,1975. A. at   B. in   C. on   D. to       
 4、I haven 't heard _______ her _____ she left home. 
 A. from, since   B. from, after   C. of, when    D. of , as       
 5、Tom didn't know___Jack would leave for Beijing tomorrow. 
A. how   B. weather   C. whether   D. what         
 6、His parents were _________ (happy) because he had failed the exam again.      
 7、Mrs. Green liked to stay _____ (safe) at the same place.     
 8、The_______ (visit) from France are going to visit our school this afternoon.        
 思考题         1、The farmer was___tired___he couldn't fall asleep. 
 A. very…to   B. too…to   C. so…that   D.neither…nor   
 2、Work hard, ___you won't catch up with the others.  A. but   B. and   C. if   D. or         
 3、The game is very ___ and she's ___ in it.  A. interesting, interesting   B. interested, interested 
 C. interested, interesting    D. interesting, interested 
重要的短语、句型和惯用法（一）
1. get on/off(the bus) 上/下车   get up 起床  get ready for 为...作准备
get oneself dressed 自己穿衣服 get well (better) 身体好    get in 进入，收集
get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb. 为某人买某物
get on well with sb/sth. 与某人相处很好，...进展顺利 
2. have an accident 出事故       have a good time  =enjoy oneself 玩得很高兴
  have a cold wet day 天气又冷又湿      have a cough 咳嗽  have a drink(of)... 喝一杯... 
have a talk 听报告 have lunch 吃午饭  have...for lunch 午饭吃...
have a meeting 开会have no idea 不知道 have a rest 休息一下 
3. make a mistake 犯错误 mistake A for B 把A错认为B
take sth. by mistake 错拿某物 
4. make friends with 与...交朋友
make faces 做鬼脸make a fire 生火  make an excuse 找籍口
  make a...sound 发...音  make tea 沏茶 make room for... 为...找出空间
make it 如期赴约 make a team 组成一个队 
 eg.Let's make it half past one.     注意：时间前不用介词at       
5. turn sth. on/off 打开/关掉...  turn sth. up/down 把...音量开大/小
  注意：当sth 是代词时，常放中间 
6. try sth. on 试穿（衣、鞋、帽）     注意：当 sth 为it或them, 常放中间try out 试验、尝试
  try one's best to do sth. 尽力干某事=do one's best to do sth.            
7. send sb. away 开除、解雇某人     send for sb. 派人去请某人 send up 发射            
8. hear from sb 收到...的来信   hear of 听说         
9. hurry off 匆匆离去，赶快去  hurry up 赶快       
10. get to +名词 get +副词(不用to)  reach+名词/副词  arrive in/at +大/小地点 （后接副词，不用at/in） 
   eg. get to Shanghai、reach Shanghai 、arrive in Shanghai到达上海
eg. reach home、get home、arrive home 到家                 
11. teach sb. English 教某人英语    teach oneself=learn sth.by oneself 自学            
12.到...末为止 by the end of +过去时间 （用于过去完成时）
   by the end of +将来时间 （用于一般将来时）
   at the end of+地点 在...尽头  in the end= at last 最后，终于            
13. hundreds of 成百上千   thousands of 成千上万的   millions of 成百万的           
14. be pleased to do sth 很高兴地干某事   be pleased with sth. 为某事而高兴            
15. be used for 被用来   be used as 被当作   be used by 被...所使用 
16. so far 到目前为止， 用于现在完成时    
17. on a Tuesday morning 一个星期二的早上
   on the morning of June 15th.1998 在1998年6月15日早上              
18. keep sb.doing sth. 让某人一直干某事   keep doing sth. 继续做某事
keep on doing sth. 持续不断地做某事  
19. much too+形容词／副词原级 实在太...
 too much+不可数名词 相当多的...  eg. It's _______ expensive. I can't buy it.
There's ___________ rain this year.  
20. thanks to...由于，多亏
thanks to one's help=because of one's help 由于某人的帮忙  thanks for one's help 谢谢某人的帮助 
21. be far away from＋a place/sb 远离某地 
22. wear out 穿坏、穿旧、用尽 常用于被动语态。其P.P为worn
sell out 售完 卖完 
23. two-month holiday=two months' holiday 二个月的假期 
24. fall asleep 入睡（进入状态） get to sleep 入睡（还没睡着） 
25. stop sb.from doing sth. 阻止某人干某事  eg. She stopped the child from listening.  stop doing sth. 停止干某事，不再干某事   stop to do sth. 停止下来干另一件事。  
26. hardly any +n. 几乎没有...   
27. quite a/an+形容词＋名词 一个相当...eg. Two months is quite a long time.
   a very ＋形容词+名词eg. English is a very useful language. 
28. be afraid of+名词 害怕...   be afraid to+动词 担心、害怕...   be afraid that+从句 恐怕... 
29.  so+形容词 so strong so beautiful         such+形容词+名词(复数或不可数)
    such beautiful pictures such nice smell     such + a/an+形容词+名词（单数）
    such an interesting story 
30. feel like doing 想干某事  
31. be made/grown/produced
三个词的被动语态都可解释为“生产” 
归类: 机器一类→make(制造)
盐.糖.丝绸→produce (经机器加工生产)   农作物、水果→grow (人工种出来的)            
32. finish doing sth. 做完某事  be busy doing sth. 忙于干某事
 go on doing sth. 继续干某事 be always doing 老是干某事 
33. hope to do sth. 希望干某事 ...hope that...希望某人干某事,不可用hope sb.to do sth. 
34. in surprise 惊奇地（作状语）   be surprised at sb. 对某人的举动感到诧异
  be surprised to do sth. 对做某事感到惊讶            
35. no space(room) to stand in 没有站的地方、空间       
36. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 agree with sb. 同意某人的观点  with one's help 在某人的帮助下               
选择题：   
1.They arrived ___ London___ a cold winter night.
A.at, in   B.in, on   C.at, on   D.in, at            
2.It's rather cold today.You'd better ___ more clothes before you go out. 
A.put on   B.wear   C.to put on   D.to wear               
3.You must be very tired. Why not ___ a rest?
A.stop taking   B.stop to take  C.to stop taking   D.to stop to take 
4.___, I've caught up with my classmates in my English studies.
A.Under his help  B.With his help   C.Under the help of him  D.With the help of him 
5.Mother told me ____ in the sun.    A.not read   B.don't read   C.read not  D.not to read 
6.Watching TV ___ is bad for your eyes.   A.much too  B.many too  C.too much  D.too many            
7.Those foreign visitors ___ our city the day before yesterday.
A.arrived   B.reached  C.reached to  D.got in 
8.She asked me to help her ___ her Chinese.    A.at  B.with  C.for  D.on 
9.Look ___ the words in the dictionary when you don't know ___ they mean. 
A.up, what  B.up, that  C.for, that  D.for, what                
10.One after another, three of them ___.
A.fell asleep   B.got to asleep   C.went to asleep   D.were sleeping 
完成句子：  
1.你想不想喝杯桔子汁？  Do you ______ ______drinking a glass of orange?            
2.小杨毕业离校以来，我们从未收到他的来信。 
  We have never ______ ______ Xiao Yang since he _______ school for the last time.               
3.人们兴建绿色长城是为了阻止风将土刮走。 
  People started to build the Great Green Wall ___ ___ it could stop the wind from ___ the earth away. 
4.魏华把你错当成他的兄弟，是吗？ 
  Wei Hua ________ you ______ his brother,didn't she?                       
思考题： 
1.人造卫星能用来向国外发送电视和广播节目 
  Man-made satellites can be ___ for ___ TV and radio programmes to foreign countries.          
2.多亏有了绿色长城，现在他们种的棉花比以前多得多了。 
  ____ to the Great Green Wall, they can grow a lot ___ cotton than before.               
3.学生们相互交朋友，通常相处得很好。 
  The students make friends ___ one another and usually ___ ___ well.                           
4.店主说你的尺寸的羊毛衫已售完了。 
  The shopkeeper said the woolen sweaters ___ your size were ____.                  
重要的短语、句型和惯用法（二）
1.There be 结构 
 a.这是英语中常见的一种结构，表示“某地有某物”其含义为“存在有”。 
eg.There are twenty girls in our class.have也解释为“有”但是与there be有区别，它的含义是“所有，属有”，其主语为某人。eg.I have a nice watch.          
 b.There be 结构中的be动词要和后面所跟名词保持一致。                   
 c.There is a river near our school.否：There is not a river near our school.
问：Is there a river near our school.回答：Yes, there is. No, there isn't.
划⑴How many rivers are there near our school?   ⑵What's near our school?         
d.there be 结构的一般将来时，同学们较难掌握，其正确形式为：there is going to be                  
e.反意疑问句的构成：There is no water in the glass, is there?
①There is going to _____ a football match this afternoon.  A.have   B.watch   C.be   D.play
②They were sure that they were going to ____ a rest.   A.be   B.have   C.be on   D.on 
2.so,neither引导的倒装句,为了避免和前一句话的内容重复，英语中习惯用so,neither引导的倒装句。  
a.So+be(助动词，情态动词)+主语。表示某人也是如此。
eg.Mike has bought some foreign stamps.      So has Bob.=Bob has bought some,too.              
b.Neither+be(助动词，情态动词)＋主语，表示某人也不。
eg.Mother has never been to Japan.      Neither has Father.=Father has never been to Japan, either.
c.So＋主语＋be(助动词，情态动词)。表示果真如此(赞同), 请同学们与a.区别。
eg.A:Mike is right in the classroom.    B:So he is.=He is really in the class room.             
3.It's+时间+since动词过去式。自从...起已有...时间了。
⑴It's two weeks since we met last.(自从我们上次见面已有两个星期了)
⑵How long is it since we left Beijing?(自从我们离开北京已有多久了 
4.祈使句+and (那么)...eg.Go straight on and you'll see a school.=If you go straight on, you'll see a school.               5.祈使句+or...否则...eg.Work hard, or you will fall behind the other students.   =If you don't work hard, you'll fall behind the other 
6. The+比较级...，the+比较级... 越...越... 
eg.⑴The more, the better. 越多越好。
  ⑵The harder you work on it, the better you'll be at it.(你越用功，你就越好。)
7.How do you like the film?  =What do you think of the film? (你认为这部电影怎样？) 
8.What...do with...?怎样对付...?怎样处理...?
虽然中文为怎样，我们绝不可照字面翻译为how.  
eg.A:What have you done with the library book?    B:I've just returned it to the library. 
9.I don't know what to do.我不知道该怎么办？   I don't know how to do. × 
10.What...be like?...是什么样的？  
eg.⑴What's the weather like? 天气如何？⑵What's your school like? 你们学校是什么样的？ 
11.What...for?为何目的？为什么？eg.What do you want a science lab for?=Why do you want a science lab? 
12.one of +最高级＋复数 最...之一eg.Miss Zhao is one of the most popular teachers. 
13.find it +形容词+to do eg.I find it useful to learn English well. (我发觉学好英语是很有用的) 
   find +宾语 +名词eg.I find him a good boy. (我发现他是个好男孩.)
   find +宾语 +形容词
eg.I find the door open/closed. (我发现门开/关着)  I find our bags filled with/full of presents. (我发现我们的包装满了礼物) 
14.I don't think+肯定句 我想...不   eg.I don't think I'll take it. (我想我不买它了)
请注意:中文意思否定在从句中,但是英语的表达否定在主句中。 
15.prefer A to B=like A better than B 更喜欢A不怎么喜欢B.
eg. I prefer fish to chicken.= I like fish better than chicken 
16.had better do sth.最好干某事.否定:had better not do sth.
特别注意:had better后面跟be动词词组,不可漏掉be.eg.You'd better catch a train.
You'd better not talk in class.You'd better not be late for the class. 
17.It is good (nice)of+宾格+to do sth.
eg.It is very good of you to teach me English. (你教我英语真是太好了) 
18.It takes sb. some time to do sth.(干某事化费某人多少时间)
=sb.spend some time on sth. (in) doing sth.eg.It took me half an hour to do the work.
=I spent half anhourin doing the work. 
19.sb.pay 钱 for 物 某物化费了某人多少钱=sb.spend 钱 on 物  =物 cost sb.钱 , pay的过去式为paid 而不是payed.     eg.I paid thirty yuan for the coat.  =I spent thirty yuan on the coat.
  =The coat cost me thirty yuan. 20.have been to 某人曾去过某地,现在人不在那儿 
sb.have been in +地点 某人呆在某地(一段时间)      have gone to 某人已去某地,人不在这儿 
21.⑴ too…形容词(副词)+to…"太…而不能" "太…以致于不"
eg.①The basket is too heavy for me to carry. 这篮子太重我拿不动。   ②This colour TV is too expensive for us to buy. 这台彩电对我们来说太贵了，买不起。
⑵so...that 如此...以致于...上面的too...to结构的句子，可以换成so...that 引导的句子转换。①The basket is so heavy that I can't carry it.      ②This colour TV is so expensive that we can't afford it.                     
22.What's the population of ...? ...人口有多少？    不说How much population in...?形容人口数量的大用large    eg.The population of China is ten times as large as that of the USA 
23.I've come to return your pan. (我跑来是还你锅的)    →Why have you come? 而不用What 
24.not...until (连词)方才，才    
eg.He says that he won't be free until tomorrow.他说他需到明天方才有空。      肯定句＋until 到
eg.You'd better wait until tomorrow. (你最好等到明天) 
25.neither...nor... 既不...也不...        either...or... 或者...或者...
eg.Neither Tom nor his brothers know how to spell the word "hundred".
  Either you or she is right. (谓语动词就近原则) 
  both...and... 两者都... eg.Both Jim and I are in Grade One (主语看作复数) 
 练习题：        
1.-Where is Mary? -Oh, she _____ the librory.    
A.has gone to   B.went to   C.has been to    D.had gone to 
2.He knew little about the film ____ he saw it yesterday evening.
  A.if   B.since   C.until    D.because 
3.I____ change his mind. Don't worry, He'll surely come to get it.  
 A.think he won't   B.think he will    C.don't think he won't  D.don't think he will 
4.- _____do you_____ the TV play?    - Not bad, I think. 
 A.How;think of B.What;like C.How;like D.What;think 
5. I _____ have a good time _____ the party. 
 A.hope you will;at   B.like you; on    C.hope you to ;in   D.want you that; from 
 完成句子： 
1.中国有多少人口，中国的人口大约是世界人口的四分之一。   _____ the population of China? 
It's about _____ ______ of the world's population. 
2.门铃一直响着，直到门被林涛打开才停。 
 The doorbell ______ _____until the door was opened by Lin Tao. 
3.午饭后他休息了一会儿，我也休息了一会儿。 
 He had a short rest after lunch, and ______ ______ I.             
4.史密斯夫妇离开他们的家乡已有十多年时间了。 
 ______ more than ten years ____ Mr and Mrs Smith left their home town. 
5.公共汽车里挤得几乎连站的地方都没有. 
 The bus was_____ crowded that there was hardly ______ standing room in it. 
思考题： 
1、做饭花了她半个小时。 It ___ ____ half an hour ___ ___ some cooking.
=I ______ half an hour _______ some cooking. 
2、你真好，经常在数学上帮助我。  It’s really nice _____ you to ____ me _____ my ______. 
3、Lily跑得不快，赢不了比赛。 
 Lily ______ run quickly _____ ______ _____ the race.=Lily ____ ____ ___ ___ ____the race. 
4、在美术课上做一张教师节卡片怎样？ 
 _____ ____ _____ a Teachers’ Day card ____ the art lesson? 
5、足球是我校最受欢迎的运动项目之一。 
 Football is ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ games in our school. 
Have 的两种特殊句型
    have是英语中最活跃的动词之一，它与不同的词搭配表示不同的意思。如：have a meeting（开会），have a rest（休息），have a class（上课）等。你可知道have构成的两种特殊句型吗？不看不知道，一看就明了。
1．have＋宾语＋省略to的动词不定式
该句型中作主语的“人或物”让作宾语的“人或物”去做某事。此时的宾语与省略to的不定式（宾语补足语）之间有逻辑上的主谓关系。如：I would have you buy a new bike．    我想让你买辆新自行车。We can＇t have the car stop．  我们无法让汽车停下来。
2．have＋宾语＋过去分词
该句型中作主语的“人或物”让作宾语的“人或物”被……。此时的宾语与过去分词（宾语补足语）之间有逻辑上的动宾关系。如：    I＇ll have my hair cut tomorrow．
我明天要理发。They have just had their car repaired．他们刚找人把车修理了一下。
 注意：大多数情况下，这两种句型之间可以互换。如：
 1）He had me wash the table cloth．→He had the table cloth washed．
2) The man had the bike mended．→ The man had someone mend the bike．
练习：根据汉语意思，完成英语句子，每空一词。
1．你应该找人建一座房子。
 You should have someone＿＿＿＿＿a house．  You should have a house＿＿＿＿＿．
2．现在我们请下一位演讲者到前面来。 Now we＇ll have the next speaker＿＿＿＿＿to the front．
 3．你必须让人把这些书送到教室去。
You must have these books＿＿＿＿＿ to the classroom