重生正妻逆袭:脱发的十大原因（组图）

在此列出了脱发的十大原因，为了防止脱发，我们可以采取很多措施，但主要的原因是基因引起的，我们都无法改变，因此，我们应该在其他方面做好工作，防止秃顶。

Top 10 Causes of Hair Loss

脱发的十大原因 

Those who have it love it. Those who don’t miss it. And those who are in the process of losing it, well, they’ll do anything to keep it. We’re talking of course about hair. While it’s easy to blame your parents for your thin hair or balding scalp, not all causes of hair loss trace back to genetics. You might be surprised to learn that there are dozens of reasons for it. And, while some are a little less common than others, it’s still important to understand how you lose your hair so that you’ll know how to prevent it.

拥有它的人喜欢它。没有它的人想念它。而那些正在失去它的人，则会想尽一切办法留住它。当然，我们说的就是头发。我们常常把头发稀少或者秃顶怪罪于我们的父母，但其实脱发的原因并不完全是遗传的。你也许会感到震惊，原来脱发的原因有这么多。虽然有些原因比较不常见，但是知道脱发的原因还是很重要的，这样我们才知道怎样防止掉发。

Here are the top 10 causes of hair loss.

No.10 Tight Braids Or Pulled-Back Hair

第十.辫子扎得太紧或者向后梳头发

This cause is probably a bit more relevant to women, but even men should know that wearing hair in tight braids (like dreadlocks or cornrows) or having hair tightly pulled back (like in a ponytail) can lead to hair loss -- or what is medically known as traction alopecia. It is caused by chronic pulling of the hair, leading to gradual hair loss, mostly at the hairline. While it’s most commonly seen in African women, it’s also seen in men who wear hairpieces in the same location on the scalp for long periods of time.

这个原因可能跟女人的关系更大，但即使是男人，也应该知道把辫子扎得太紧（如非洲发绺或者玉米编发）或者向后梳发（如梳成马尾辫）会导致脱发——或者如医学上讲的牵引性脱发。这是由于长期的拉紧头发，会导致头发逐渐脱落，尤其是在发际线处。这种现象在非洲女性身上比较常见，也常见于那些长期把假发戴在同一区域的男人身上。

第九.拔毛发癖

No.9 Trichotillomania

Trichotillomania is the name given to the habitual plucking or pulling of the hair from the head or other parts of the body. While it’s still unclear whether trichotillomania should be classified as a habit or as an obsessive-compulsive disorder, the end result is the same. Over time, a bald spot will develop. If the habit stops, hair will typically regrow, but with excessive and long-term trichotillomania, scarring of the scalp can result, leading to permanent hair loss in the affected location!

No.8 Hypothyroidism

第八.甲状腺功能减退症

The thyroid is a small gland located in the front of the neck just below the voice box. It plays an important role in regulating the body’s metabolism through the release of various hormones. Hypothyroidism is an underproduction of certain hormones and is the most common cause of patchy hair loss known as alopecia areata (which can affect the whole body and not just the head). Hypothyroidism itself is caused by birth abnormalities, autoimmune diseases or surgery involving the removal of the thyroid.

No.7 Autoimmune Disease

第七.自身免疫疾病

If you have diabetes or have arthritis, you've already been dealing with autoimmune diseases that arise when the body’s own immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys healthy body tissue. When the body’s immune system attacks hair follicles or other cells or tissues important to hair growth and maintenance, it can result in hair loss of various kinds, including cicatricial alopecia (a form of permanent hair loss) and telogen effluvium (which occurs when hair's growth cycle is disrupted).

No.6 Infection

第六.感染

Although a number of infections can lead to hair loss, the most common infection that affects the scalp and hair is ringworm. Don’t let the name fool you: Ringworm is actually caused by a fungus. Tinea capitis, as it’s more scientifically known, is caused by mold-like fungi called dermatophytes that thrive in warm, moist conditions and typically arise due to poor hygiene. While it affects mostly children, it can be caught at any age.

No.5 Chemotherapy

第五.化疗

Cancer cells typically divide and grow faster than the body’s healthy cells. What allows chemotherapy to be so effective in stopping cancer is that it stops those cells that grow rapidly. Unfortunately, there are other cells in the body that grow rapidly as well -- like those in hair follicles. While there are cancer myths out there, experiencing near-total hair loss after chemotherapy isn't one of them. The loss could be gradual or dramatic, depending on the type of drug, but the end result is usually the same. Thankfully, the hair usually grows back!

No.4 Medication

第四.药物治疗

Most of the human population is well aware that chemotherapy drugs can lead to hair loss, but there are, in fact, dozens of other drugs that might cause hair to fall out. These include anti-thyroid medications, hormonal therapies (like birth control), anti-convulsants (for epilepsy),  anti-coagulants, beta-blockers, and many others. These medications tend to cause telogen effluvium, a rapid shedding of the hair that arises when a large number of hairs suddenly shift from a growth phase (known as anagen) to a resting phase (known as telogen), and then fall out when new hairs begin to grow.

No.3 Vitamin/Mineral Deficiency

第三.维生素/矿物质不足

Whether it’s because of a crash diet, general malnutrition or some genetic or biological defect, deficiencies in certain nutrients can cause hair loss. Probably the most common deficiency thought to contribute to hair loss is iron. Being severely low in iron can lead to iron-deficiency anemia, a condition that causes the body not to have enough red blood cells. Red blood cells are important because they carry oxygen to nearly every cell in the body, helping those cells maintain normal function. Deficiencies in other nutrients -- such as vitamin B (specifically B12) and protein  -- are thought to contribute to hair loss as well.

No.2 Stress

第二.压力

Severe physical stress (like surgery) or severe psychological stress (like a death in the family) can have strange effects on the body. Severe stress typically sends the body into a state of shock, flooding it with various hormones and metabolites. This may lead to telogen effluvium, a shedding of the hair that we mentioned above. While the effects of acute stress on hair are well understood, what isn’t as clear is how chronic or long-term stress affects hair loss.

No.1 Male Pattern Baldness

第一.男性型脱发

Despite all the different causes of hair loss, the leading cause is one that we can’t do much about. Male pattern baldness, medically known as androgenetic alopecia, refers to hair thinning in an “M-shaped" pattern that is typically mentioned when men talk about balding. Over time, the hair follicles will change and shrink, leading to thinning hair. While many treatments are available, they aren’t guaranteed to work and most only slow progression (although some can lead to hair regrowth) and are not permanent solutions for hair loss. In the end, we’re all victims of our genes -- and that’s something that will never change.

尽管引起脱发的原因各不相同，但最主要的原因却是一个我们无法控制的因素。男性型脱发，医学上称为雄性遗传脱发，就是人们谈论秃顶时常提到的头发逐渐减少，呈“M型”状态。随着时间的推移，毛囊就会发生改变并收缩，导致头发稀疏。虽然现在有很多治疗方法，但并不是很有效，顶多是使得病情减缓（尽管有些能让头发再生），终究不是预防脱发的治疗方法。总而言之，我们都是基因的受害者——而且这是谁也无法改变的。