西方反卡联盟出现分歧Coalition split over Libya action

French attempts to sidestep Nato at the outset of military operations against Libya have divided the international coalition enforcing a no-fly zone over the country, according to western diplomats.

西方外交官表示，法国在针对利比亚的军事行动伊始绕开北约(Nato)擅自行动的企图，已使在利比亚设置禁飞区的国际联盟出现分裂。

The French moves, which western diplomats said included launching the first attack on Libya without fully informing its allies, angered US and UK officials and is hampering Anglo American efforts to transfer command of the operation to Nato, officials said. Relations grew so tense on Monday that the French and German ambassadors to Nato walked out of a meeting of the North Atlantic Council, the alliance’s decision-making body, after Anders Fogh Rasmussen, secretary-general, criticised Paris for impeding Nato involvement and Germany for not actively participating.

西方外交官称，法方的行动包括在没有向盟友全面通报的情况下抢先对利比亚发动军事打击。一些官员表示，这些行动使得美英官员感到愤怒，并正在妨碍英美将作战指挥权移交给北约的努力。各方关系变得如此紧张，以至于周一法国和德国驻北约大使在北约决策机构——北大西洋理事会(North Atlantic Council)开会期间起身离开会场，此前北约秘书长安诺斯•福格•拉斯穆森(Anders Fogh Rasmussen)批评法国妨碍北约参与，批评德国没有积极参加打击利比亚的行动。

Turkey, a Nato member that has expressed reservations about the military intervention, also blocked a move to give the alliance command and control responsibilities during a Sunday night meeting. The Turkish government was upset that its representatives had not been invited to Paris for a weekend summit on the crisis. Other non-European Union members of Nato, including Norway, were included.

在周日晚间开会期间，曾对此次军事干预表达保留意见的北约成员国土耳其，也否决了向北约移交指挥和控制责任的动议。令土耳其政府感到不快的是，该国代表未被邀请出席周末在巴黎召开的利比亚危机峰会，而北约的其它非欧盟成员国（如挪威）应邀参加了此次峰会。

“There are major tensions between the US-UK and the French,” said one western official, who added that Nato countries had been working for weeks to have the alliance assume effective command of the mission. “As we got closer and closer to closing the deal at Nato, France suddenly blocked everything, which confused us at first … But then it became clear – [French president Nicolas] Sarkozy wanted to announce strikes just as he was walking out of his meeting in Paris where he was leading the show.”

“美英与法国之间存在严重紧张，”一名西方官员表示。这名官员补充称，为了让北约掌握此次行动的实际指挥权，北约国家此前已经努力了几个星期。“就在大家逐渐接近在北约敲定协议时，法国突然否决一切，最初这使我们感到迷惑……但随后一切变得明朗——法国总统尼古拉•萨科齐(Nicolas Sarkozy)想要在他步出巴黎会议之际宣布发动军事打击，这个会议让他出了风头。”

French officials denied acting alone in Saturday’s attack, saying the plan had always called for French fighters to kick off the operation followed by British and American missile attacks. Norway was invited to the summit because it had committed to the mission, while Turkey has been resistant, French diplomats said.

法国官员否认在上周六的军事打击中擅自行动，他们表示，作战计划一直是要求先由法国战机打头阵，然后由英美发动导弹袭击。法国外交官表示，挪威应邀参加此次峰会，是因为该国承诺参与此次作战，而土耳其一直持抵制态度。

“All air strikes were co-ordinated with our partners,” said a senior French defence ministry official. “We knew what they were doing and it was reciprocal. Clearly all those involved in the operation were fully informed. But as to whether Nato, which was not involved in the operation needed to be fully informed, that is another question.”

“所有空中打击都与我们的盟友进行了协调，”法国国防部一名资深官员表示。“我们知道他们在干什么，而这种了解是相互的。显然，参与作战的各方都得到了全面通报。但是，至于并未参与此次作战行动的北约是否需要得到全面通报，那是另一个问题。”

Other Western diplomats disputed that account. “It doesn’t seem possible for us to understand France being so far in front,” Vecdi Gonul, the Turkish defence minister, said. “We had difficulty understanding France being the one to implement the UN decision.”

其他西方外交官对这种说法表示异议。“我们似乎不可能理解法国如此抢着出头，”土耳其国防部长韦杰迪•戈努尔(Vecdi Gonul)表示。“我们难以理解为什么要由法国来执行联合国决议。”

Gen Carter Ham, the official spearheading the US military effort, said that the coalition was growing in both size and effectiveness, carrying out 70-80 sorties above Libya, with non-US nations responsible for more than half the total.

美军方面在此次行动中的最高指挥官卡特•哈姆将军(Gen Carter Ham)表示，联军规模不断扩大，有效性不断提高，昨日出动70-80架次在利比亚上空执行任务，其中逾半数架次是由美国以外的国家执行的。

译者/和风