:初中英语疑难例析300例 (227---244)
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初中英语疑难例析300例 (227---244)
日积月累 227.Anyone can't do it.合习惯吗
例 It is too difficult I'm afraid ____ do it.
A.no one can B.anyone can't
C.anyone can D.no one can't
此题应选A。很容易误选B。按汉语的表达习惯,此句可理解为“这事太难了,恐怕任何人都干不了”。所以有的考生套此意思选用了anyone can't 这一答案。
但是按英语的习惯:像any,anyone,anything,either 等这类非肯定词只能出现在否定词之后,而不能出现在其前:
1.以下各句是对的,因为any,either 等非肯定词出现在否定词(not)之后:
He can't do any work.他不能干任何工作。
I don't think either is rigth.我想两个都不对。
2.以下各个错句错的原因就是any,either 等非肯定词放在否定词(not)之前:
任何人也干不了这事。
误:Anyone [Anybody]can't do it.
正:No one[Nobody]can do it.
我朋友当中没有一个懂法语。
误:Any friend of mine knows no French.
正:None of my friends know French.
什么也不能阻挡我去。
误:Anythig cannot prevent me from going.
正:Nothing can prevent me from going.
228.注意分清是特殊疑问句还是一般疑问句
例 —Do you__ when he will come back?
—I've no idea.
A.think B.suppose C.know D.believe
此题应选C。其余三项都可能被误选。关于这个问题,请注意以下两类句型:
1.疑问词 +do you think(believe,imagine,suppose,guess,etc) +主语 +谓语 +其它?
(译成中文通常可在句末加上一个“呢”字):
Who do you think that man is?你认为那个人是谁?
What do you think we should say at the meeting?
你认为我们在会上应说些什么呢?
When do you believe he will come?
你认为他什么时候来呢?
Where do you suppose she has gone?
你认为她到哪里去了呢?
What do you guess he wants?
你猜他想要什么呢?
2.Do you know(hear,ask,tell,etc) +疑问词 +主语 +谓语 +其它?
(译成中文通常可以在句末加上“吗”字)
Do you know who that man is?你知道那个人是谁吗?
Do you know when he left here?你知道他是什么时候离开这里的吗?
Do you hear when he will come back?你听说他什么时候会回来吗?
Did you ask why he had left so soon?你问过他为什么那么快就离开吗?
Did you tell her who he was?你告诉了她他是谁吗?
229.much too 还是too much
例 The problem is ____ difficult.You needn't spend ____ time on it.
A.too much,much too B.much too,too much
C.too much,too much D.much too,much too
此题应选B。此题主要涉及too much 和much too 的区别:
1.much too 是too 的强势语,用法与too 相同:
You are much too kind to me.你对我实在太好了。
This one is much too big.这个确实太大了。
This kind of computer is much too expensive.这种电脑太贵了。
He is much too busy to see visitors.他太忙,不能会见客人。
The coat I bought yesterday was much too large.
我昨天买的那件衣服太大了。
2.too much 是much 的强势语,用法与much 相似。如:
Don't eat too much.别吃得太多。
There's too much water.水太多了。
You have given me too much.你已经给我太多了。
Don't drink too much wine.It is harmful to your health.
不要喝太多的酒,这对你的身体有害。
3.有时too much 还用于这样的结构be too much for,
意为“对?来说太难或太过分”、“非?力所能及”等:
I'm afraid the trip was too much for her.
我怕她旅途太劳累了。
His parents'expectation was too much for him.
他父母对他的期望太高了。
230.because(因为)可与so(所以)连用吗,为什么
例 Because he didn't study hard, ____ he failed in college
entrance examinations.
A.so B.but C.and D.×
此题应选D。容易误选A。按汉语习惯,我们说“因为...所以...”,但按英语习惯,我们却不能将because(因为)与so(所以)连用。这是为什么呢?这要从英语的句子类型说起。按照句子结构来分,英语句子可分为简单句(通常只有一个主谓结构)、并列句(通常是两个或两个以上的主谓结构用并列连词连接)和复合同(由一个主句加上一个或几个从句组成)等三类。
现在我们来分析上面这道题:假若此题选A(so),就构成了because...so...结构。在这个结构中,显然because 是从属连词,它引导的是一个原因状语从句;而其后的so 是并列连词,它要求连接两个简单句使之成为并列句。所以这样一来,这个句子从前面的because 来看,它像是一个复合句;从后面的so 来看,它又像是一个并列句,但事实上,这两类句型都不是。
改正的办法:要么去掉前面的because 保留后面的so,使之成为一个真正的并列句,或者去掉后面的so 保留前面的because,使之成为一个真正的复合句。
因为他病了,所以不能来。
正:Because he is ill,he can't come.(复合句)
正:He is ill,so he can't come.(并列句)
误:Because he is ill,so he can't come.
(既非复合句也非并列句,所以不成立)
类似地,按汉语习惯,我们说“虽然?但是?”,然而按英语习惯.我们不说(al)though...but...,理由同上。
231.你知道worth 的用法习惯吗
例 —How do you like the film?
—Oh,wonderful.It is ____ worth ____ .
A.very,seeing B.well,seeing
C.very,to be seen D.well,being seen
此题应选B。关于worth 的用法,以下几点须注意:
1.作表语,后接名词或动名词(不接不定式),常用句式:
1)用名词或代词作主语,这时句子的主语就是worth 之后动名词的逻辑宾语(注意:该动名词只能用主动形式表示被动意义,而不能直接用被动形式):
The film isn't worth seeing.这部电影不值得看。
She's not worth getting angry with.犯不上跟她那种人生气。
2)用it 作形式主语(原来不这样用,但现在已很普遍):
It isn't worth repairing the car.这车不值得修。
Is it worth visiting the city?这座城市值得看吗?
2.worth 的下列用法也值得注意:
1)表示“值(多少钱)”,其后主要接表示钱数的词:
This picture is worth five pounds.这幅画值5 镑。
2)表示“值得”,其后接某些名词:
His words are worth notice.他的话值得注意。
3)表示“拥有?价值的财产”:
He is worth a million dollars.他是百万富翁。
3.关于修饰语:通常用well 修饰,以加强语气,但一般说来不用very:
The book is well worth buying.这本书完全值得买。
.关于worth while 的用法
例 It is ____ while to read the book.
A.worth B.worthy C.worth of D.worthy of
此题应选A。worth while 是一固定结构,注意以下用法和结构:
1.worth while 的意思是:值得做,值得花时间或精力。
2.worth while 可以有三种书写形式:worth while,worth-while,worthwhile,
可用作表语或定语(作定语时通常要合写一词或用连字符):
The visit to Paris was worthwhile.去巴黎访问是值得的。
It's a worthwhile(worth-while)book.那是一本值得一读的书。
3.有时可在worth 与while 之间插入one's:
The work is worth our while.这工作值得我们花时间(或精力)。
4.worth(one's)while 后可接不定式或动名词:
It is worth your while to visit the museum.这个博物馆值得你去看看。
It is worth while discussing[to discuss]the question again.
这个问题值得再讨论一次。
在这类句型中,一般用it 作形式主语,worth(one's)while 之后的不定式或动名词是句子的真正主语。在通常情况下,若句首没有形式主语it 就不宜使用此句型。如一般不会说:
误:The museum is worth while visiting.
误:The museum is worth while to visit.
233.关于be worthy 的用法
例 The plan is ____ carefully studied.
A.worth to be B.worth being
C.worthy to be D.worthy being
此题应选C。分析如下:
选项A 错误,因为be worth 之后习惯上不接不定式结构。
选项B 错误,因为be worth 之后接动名词,总是用主动式表示被动意义,不能直接使用被动式。
选项D 错误,因为be worthy 之后习惯上不直接跟动名词,而要先用介词of,再接动名词。
选项C 正确,注意be worthy(值得的,配得上的)的用法:
1.be worthy of +名词:
He is worthy of confidence.他是个可以信赖的人。
2.be worthy of +动名词(用主动或被动视含义而定):
The book is worthy of being read.这本书值得读。
He's worthy of filling the post.这职位他当之无愧。
3.be worthy +不定式(用主动或被动视含义而定):
He is worthy to receive such honour.他应该得到这样的荣誉。
This suggestion is worthy to be considered.这个建议值得考虑。
以上三个句型有时可互换:
他们的行为值得称赞。
正:Their deeds are worthy of praise.
正:Their deeds are worthy of being praised.
正:Their deeds are worthy to be praised.
234.be possible 等能以人作主语吗
例 He is ____ to win the match.
A.possible B.difficult C.sure D.easy
此题应选C。其余几项不能选为答案,是因为它们在通常情况下,不以人作主语。
他可能会赢得这场比赛。
误:He is possible to win the match.
正:It is possible for him to win the match.
我很难按时完成它。
误:I'm difficult to finish it in time.
正:It's difficult for me to finish it in time.
他可以轻而易举地把它干好。
误:He's easy to do it well.
正:It's easy for him to do it well.
他不可能成功。
误:He is impossible to succeed.
正:It is impossible for him to succeed.
他有必要买台电脑。
误:He is necessary to buy a computer.
正:It is necessary for him to buy a computer.
对于以上结构,有些形容词有时也可用人作主语,但要注意,此时这个主语必须是其后不定式的逻辑宾语:
他很容易(难)相处。
正:He's easy(difficult)to get along with.
正:It's easy(difficult)to get along with him.
235.这个句末介词不能省略
例 It is too small a room for us ____ .
A.to live B.to live in
C.living D.living in
此题应选B。从结构上看,句子前部的too small 应连用一个不定式,所以选项C,D 不宜选择。至于为什么要选B 而不选A,这是因为有些用作后置定语的不定式与它所修饰的名词有动宾关系,此时若不定式是不及物动词,则应在其后加上适当的介词:
He has no pens to write with.他没有钢笔写字。
Give me a chair to sit on.给我一把椅子坐。
He has a lot of things to attend to.他有许多事要管。
I've to find a large bag to put these things in.
我得找一个大袋子来装这些东西。
The child has no toys to play with.这小孩没有玩具玩。
He is a very nice person to work with.他是个很好共事的人。
There is nothing(for us)to worry about.没什么值得发愁的。
Please give me some paper to write on.请给我一些纸来写字。
有时句子主语与其后的不定式有动宾关系,若不定式是不及物动词,同样要考虑加适当的介词:
The room is too small for us to live in.这房间太小,我们住不下。
236.可说last morning,yesterday night 吗
例 —Did he arrive ____ morning?
—No,he came ____ night.
A.last,last B.yesterday,yesterday
C.last,yesterday D.yesterday,last
此题应选D。注意以下习惯搭配:
1.morning,afternoon,night 等与yesterday,last
的搭配习惯
如下:
昨天早上
正:yesterday morning
误:last morning
昨天下午
正:yesterday afternoon
误:last afternoon
昨天夜晚
正:last night
误:yesterday night
“ 昨天晚上” 通常说成yesterday evening ,
至于能否用last evening,专家们有不同意见,有的词书说能用,有的词书说不能用,建议考生在应试时用yesterday evening 为宜。
2.另外last week,last month,last year,last spring 等之类的说法,也都用last。
3.以上各表达均具有副词性质,因此通常不在其前使用at,on,in之类的介词。
如:
他昨晚到达。
正:He arrived last night.
误:He arrived on last night.
237.是two other 还是other two
例 他又写了两本小说。
Which is wrong?
A.He has written two other novels.
B.He has written other two novels.
C.He has written two more novels.
此题应选B。other 与数词连用时,要注意以下习惯:
1.若泛指(即没有冠词),数词应放在other 之前:
桌上另外有两本书。
正:There are two other books on the desk.
误:There are other two books on the desk.
又有两个学生入了团。
正:Two other students have joined the League.
误:Other two students have joined the League.
2.若特指(即其前用the),则数词可以放在other 之前或之后:
把另外两本书给我。
正:Give me the other two books.
正:Give me the two other books.
其他三位乘客是妇女。
正:The other three passengers were women.
正:The three other passengers were women.
比较:There were three other passengers on the bus.
公共汽车上还有三位乘客。
238.如何译“你那个儿子”
例 你那个儿子很聪明
Which is right?
A.You that son is very clever.
B.Your that son is very clever.
C.That your son is very clever.
D.That son of yours is very clever.
此题应选D。其它几项不能选,主要是因为:英语中指示代词和物主代词同属中位限定词,而按照英语习惯,中位限定词互相排斥(即不能彼此搭配)。如:
你那本书
正:that book of yours
误:your that book
误:that your book
以上例子告诉我们,当语义上要求指示代词与物主代词(包括名词所有格)连用时,我们通常是借助介词of,此用法往往有赞赏或讨厌等感情色彩。如:
That little daughter of yours is really a dear.
你的那个小女儿真逗人爱。
I hate that pride of Mary's.我讨厌玛丽的那种骄傲态度。
类似地,冠词也是中位限定词,也不能与指示代词或物主代词搭配。如:
我的一位朋友
正:a friend of mine
误:my a friend
误:a my friend
239.是such other 还是other such
例 a.We need ____ dictionaries.
b.I think ____ mistakes should be avoided.
A.some such,all such
B.such some,such all
C.some such,such all
D.such some,all such
此题应选A。按英语习惯,such 与no,any,some,all,few,many,each,every,several,other,another,one,two 等连用,通常应置于其后:
这类事现在没有了。
正:There are no such things now.
误:There are such no things now.
我见过许多那样的人。
正:I have met many such people.
误:I have met such many people.
对我来说,这样的词典有一本就够了。
正:One such dictionary is enough for me.
误:Such one dictionary is enough for me.
我希望永远不要再遇上那样的事故。
正:I hope never to meet another such accident.
误:I hope never to meet such another accident.
但是such 要放在a,an 之前:
我从未听说这样的事。
正:I have never heard such a thing.
误:I have never heard a such thing.
240.正确区分be afraid to do/be afraid of doing
例 He was afraid ____ because he was afraid ____ hislegs.
A.to jump,to break
B.jumping,breaking
C.to jump,of breaking
D.of jumping,to break
此题应选C。这里主要涉及以下两个结构:
a.be afraid to do sth
b.be afraid of doing sth
1.be afraid to do 主要指按照经验或常识不敢去做某事或没有勇气去做某事。如:
The little boy was afraid to go out at night.这个小男孩晚上不敢出去。
注:在现代英语中,也可以用be afraid of doing 结构来表示上述意思。如:
He was afraid to tell[of telling]his wife.他不敢告诉他妻子。
2.be afraid of doing 主要表示担心会发生某事(是一种无意行为),
此时不能用be afraid to do 结构。如:
I was afraid of hurting his feelings.我怕伤了他的感情。
请再体会下列句子:
The girl was afraid to speak English before so many peoplebecause
she was afraid of making mistakes.
这个女孩不敢在那么多人面前说英语,因为她怕出错。
She was afraid to swim because she was afraid of drowning.
她不敢游泳,因为她担心会被淹死。
241.这个begin from 用得合英语习惯吗
例 会议将从上午8 点开始。
A.The meeting will begin at eight o'clock in the moming.
B.The meeting will begin from eight o'clock in the moming.
此题应选A。很容易误选B,因为按汉语习惯,我们经常说“从?开始”,但英语却通常不说?begin from,这主要是因为be-gin 是终止性动词,而介词from 表示“从?”,表示的是“段”的概念,所以在通常情况下,两者彼此不搭配。
暑假从7 月1 日开始。
正:The summer holiday begins on July 1.
误:The summer holiday begins from July 1.
我们今天从123 页开始。
正:Let's begin at page 123 today.
误:Let's begin from page 123 today.
旅途从上海开始。
正:The joumey began at Shanghai.
误:The journey began from Shanghai.
展览会将于星期一开始。
正:The exhibition will begin on Monday.
误:The exhibition will begin from Monday.
我们将从第三章开始。
正:We'll begin at[with]Chapter 3.
误:We'll begin from Chapter 3.
从以上实例可以看出,begin 后到底用什么介词,不仅与句意有关,而且与其后的名词搭配有关。
242.你知道knowledge 的使用习惯吗
例 With the teacher's help,I have ____ a great dealof knowledge.
A.studied B.learned
C.known D.acquired
此题应选D。容易误选A,B。关于名词knowledge 的使用习惯要注意以下几点:
1.汉语中习惯说“学习知识”,但是英语中习惯上不用动词learn,
study,而用get,gain,obtain,acquire 等来表示“获得(或学到)知识”:
After several years'self-study he gained a lot of knowledge.
经过几年的自学,他学到了不少知识。
2.是不可数名词,表泛指时,不用冠词;表示程度时,可以用a little,some,much 等修饰,但不可用a few,many 等修饰,也不能用复数形式:
Knowledge is power.知识就是力量。
He has much knowledge of music.他很懂音乐。
Knowledge 虽为不可数名词,但可在其前用不定冠词a,
以表示某种程度的知识(此时a=some):
He has a knowledge of history.他懂点历史。
3.表示“有关?的知识”,要用the knowledge of 这样的结构:
我的英语知识很贫乏。
正:My knowledge of English is very poor.
误:My English knowledge is very poor.
他对音乐知识很感兴趣。
正:He is interested in the knowledge of music.
误:He is interested in the music knowledge.
243.颜色词的“颜”外之意
例 a.People like him,for he has a ____ soul.
b.He is feeling ____ today.What's the matter?
A.black,yellow B.blue,back
C.white,blue D.white,yellow
此题应选C。英语中的颜色词(red,black,blue,yellow,white等)除表示颜色外,还有不少引申义,即我们说的“颜”外之意,考生须引起注意。如:
1.black 暗淡的,不吉利的,阴郁的,凶恶的,发怒的等:
He gave us a black look.他对我们板着面孔。
He was black with rage.他怒容满面。
2.yellow 胆小的,卑鄙的等:
He is too yellow to stand up and fight.他太胆怯不敢奋起反抗。
3.white 纯洁的,诚实的
That is very white of you.你很诚实。
He has a white soul.他心地纯洁。
4.blue 沮丧的,悲伤的,忧郁的,下流的
He made a blue joke.他开了个下流的玩笑。
She is feeling blue today.她今天情绪低落。
另外,以下含有颜色词的表达,因与汉语意思相去甚远,也需注意:
black tea 红茶(不用red tea)
black coffee(不加牛奶或糖的)纯咖啡
white coffee 加牛奶的咖啡white lie 非恶意的谎言,无伤大雅的谎言
244.Would you like...与Do you like...
例 — ____ you like some coffee?
—Yes,please.
A.Do B.Will C.Would D.Can
此题应选C。容易误选A。请注意以下两个口语句式的用法及区别:
1.Do you like...?你喜欢...吗?
该句式主要用来询某人一般性爱好。如:
—Do you like English?你喜欢英语吗?
—Yes,very much.是的,很喜欢。
—Do you like summer?你喜欢夏天吗?
—Not really.不很喜欢。
2.Would you like...?你想要?吗?
该句式主要用于询问某人特定情况下的想法,往往有邀请或请客之意。如:
—Would you like a cup of tea?来杯茶好吗?
—Yes,please.好的。
—Would you like to come with us?你愿和我们一起去吗?
—Yes,I'd like to.好的,我很愿意去。
3.在弄清以上区别之后,以下误句的错因就显而易见了:
误:Would you like maths?
误:Would you like the girl?
误:Would you like the life here?
误:Do you like some fruit?
误:Do you like a cigarette?
(改正办法:将各句的Would 改为Do,或将Do 改为Would)