:学案：定语从句重难点复习性讲练

关系代词

主语

动宾

介宾

定语

人

who

that

who whom

that

whom

whose (某人的)

=of whom the

物

which    that

which

whose(某物的)

=of which the

whose 在定语从句中作定语，表示引导词与 whose 后的名词为所属关系。whose多指人，也可指物，可分别与 of which/whom the互换使用。

This is the book whose cover is blue.

This is the book of which the cover is blue.

This is the book the cover of which is blue.

关系副词

表示从句动作发生在某时：when=at/on/in + which

表示从句动作发生在某地：where=at/on/in + which

表示从句动作发生的原因：why=for + which

一、何时用关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句？

when 引导定语从句:先行词是表示时间的名词而且是从句动作发生的时间时，用when引导定语从句。

I’ll never forget the day when (= on which ) I met you.

This was the time when  ( =at which ) he left for Beijing .

We will put off the outing until next week, when(=in which) we won’t be busy.

where 引导定语从句:先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词而且是从句动作发生的地点时，用where引导定语从句。

This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood.

The table at which she is sitting is a   new one.

I’ll show you the point where you failed.

why引导定语从句:先行词是reason并且从句是表示结果时，用why引导定语从句。

This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didn’t come here.

The reason ________________ she gave was not true.

特别注意：当定语从句缺主语或宾语才直接用which或that引导定语从句。

The library _______________________ students often study was on fire last night.

The library, _______  was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.

The library _______________ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.

I’ll never forget the day _____________________ we first met in the park.

I’ll never forget the time ______________ I spent on campus.

I’ll never forget the time ______________ was spent with you.

二、介词+关系代词应注意的情况:

1. who、that 不能用与介词之后

The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist.    The man to whom you spoke was a scientist.

The city that/which she lives in is far away.         The city in which she lives is far away.

2. 在固定短语中介词不能提前

Is this the watch that you are looking for?   The old man whom I am looking after is better .

三、如何确定介词？把先行词接到从句谓语后面去,看需要什么介词。

1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配

He is the man _____ whom I think you can depend.

The house ____ which he paid 100,000 yuan is very beautiful.

2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配

He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.

This is the hero _____ whom we are proud.

3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配

The school ______ which I study is the No. 11 high school.

The rate/speed ______ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.

The age______ which children can go to school is seven.

4.根据从句中动词与先行词搭配来选用介词，这时是两者兼顾。

He has lost the key to the box ______ ______the papers are kept.    

My glasses,_________ ________I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.

His bike_____ ______ he went to work was stolen last night.

5.名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom

The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of _______ are women.

The book contains 50 poems, most of ________ was written in 1930s.

There are two left, one of _______ is almost finished ,and the other of _______ is not quite.

I have a sentence, the meaning of _______ I don’t understand.

四、非限制性定语从句和单句的比较

1.I am reading Harry Porter， _____is an interesting book.

I am reading Harry Porter ;  _____is an interesting book.                     

2. He failed in the exam;_______ made his parents angry.

He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.

3. He has two sons; both of ________ are teachers.

He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.

五、as引导定语从句

1. as 引导的限定性定语从句

（1）This is the same book as I lost yesterday. 这本书和我昨天丢的那本一模一样。

This is the same book that I lost yesteday.   这本书就是我昨天丢的那本。

注意：当先行词被the same 修饰时，引导词用as和that时意义不同。

（2）This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.  This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.

这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。(定语从句)

This is such an interesting book ____we all like it.  This is so  interesting a book ____we all like it.

这本书如此有趣，大家都喜欢。(结果状语从句)

2. as 引导的非限制性定语从句

______ is known to us all, the earth is round.       The earth is round,_________ we all know.

______ is known to us all that the earth is round.    The earth is round;____ is known to us all.

______ is known to us all is that the earth is round.

注意：非限定性定语从句在句首时只能用as，另外，as有“正如”之意，而which只有“这一点，这件事”的意思。

3. as 与which的区别：只能用as的情况：

(1).固定句型：

the same …..as ;   such…. as;  so…as

即:当先行词有such/so修饰时关系代词常用as.  as充当宾语或表语.

I shall do it in the same way as you did. I want to buy such a book as you have.

He is so good a teacher as we all like.  He is not the same man as he was.

比较:He is not the man that he used to be.

(2).代替整个句子，意为“正如”时,与之搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：

as we all know=as is known to all, …;  as is said above, …..

as is often the case,….;   as is reported in the newspaper,…..

as we expected/planned;  as you know/see

六、难点解析：易混情况之含有定语从句的疑问句

Is this house __________ you lived in last year?

　A. where    　B. that   C which   　　D. the one

This house is the one (that)…

Is this the house _____ you lived in last year?

　A. where    　　B. that   C. in which 　　D. the one

This is the house (that)…

难点解析：易混情况关系代词和关系副词的选用

1. I’ll never forget the days______________ we worked together. 不及物动词。

2. I’ll never forget the days ___________ we spent together.  及物动词,缺宾语

3. I went back to the place                                I spend my childhood. 及物动词,不缺宾语

4. I went to the place _____________ I visited ten years ago. 及物动词,缺宾语

5. This is the reason _____________________ he was late. 

6. This is the reason ____ he gave. 及物动词,缺宾语

七、怎样区分where引导的定语从句和状语从句

where前面有被修饰的地点名词时，是定语从句，否则是状语从句。

When you read books, you had better make a mark at the spot where you have any questions. 定语从句

When you read books, you had better make a mark where you have any questions. 地点状语从句

区别于其它从句:

Put the note where it can easily be found.地点状语从句

Put the note at the place where it can easily be found. 定语从句

This is where I was born. 表语从句 This is the place where I was born. 定语从句

八、定语从句和名词性从句的转换：先行词和关系词合二为一。

®      Anyone who (= Whoever) leaves the room last should turn off the lights.

®      I will do all that(=what) I can to help you.

®      I will do whatever (=anything that或everything that) I can to help you.

®       

九、关系词的使用规定（参见“高频考点”）

十、特殊情况

®      I don’t like the way ________________he speaks to me.

®      This is the first time_____________I have been here.

十一、定语从句与强调句的结合。考查定语从句引导词与强调句引导词that的位置. 在对话中往往省略that部分，如：

--I can’t find Mr. Brown. Where did you meet him this morning?

--It was in the hotel _______ he stayed (that I met him this morning).

A. that               B. there         C. which          D. where

--Where did you get to know her?----It was on the farm _______ we worked.

A. that               B. there         C. which          D. where

It was in the village ____ he once lived ____ he got his junior education.

A. that; where      B. where that  C. which; where    D. where; which

十二、分割性定语从句。

定语从句一般紧跟在先行词的后面，但有些时候也会被同位语、状语、谓语、其它定语等成分分割。此时此时要能够理清句子结构，慧眼识别先行词及定语从句。

1. The film brought the hours back to me _____I was taken good care of in that faraway village.（NMET2001）

　　A. until        B. that         C. when        D. where

2. He is the only one of the students who_____ a winner of scholarship for three years. （2002年上海春季卷）

　　A. is          B. are         C. have been      D. has been

3. Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers _______ consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. （08江西）
　　 A. where       B. when      C. who        D. which

4. A fast food restaurant is the place_____, just as the name suggests, eating is done quickly.

　　A. which       B. where      C. there       D. what

巩固练习：

填空题：

1. This is the day ________________I met him.

2. This is the day ______________I will never forget.

3. This is the day ______________we spent together.

4. This is the place _______________I lived last year.

5. This is the place ______________ I was born.

6. This is the place ______________I visited last year.

7. The reason__________________ he gave for his being late was that his mother was ill.

8. The reason _____________________he was late was that his mother was ill.

9. The reason________ his mother was ill led to his being late.

10. I will never forget the day ___________ I first went to school.

11. I will never forget the day    __________ we spent in Beijing.

12. The house __________ we visited is being repaired now.

13. The house ______ Luxun once lived is being repaired now.

14. Is this the factory ___________ we visited last week? 

15. Is this factory ____________ we visited last week? 

16. Is this the factory ______ his father works?

17. The man __________ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.

18. The room __________ my family live used to be a garage.

19. Did you find the pen _________ I wrote just now? 

20. Did you find the paper ________ I wrote my letter?

21. Did you find the composition ___________ I wrote just now?

22. I will never forget the day. I first went to school on _____.

23. I will never forget the day _____ I first went to school.

24. (比较) I will never forget the year ____________ I first went to school.

25. This is the girl. _______ wallet is lost.

26. This is the girl _______ wallet is lost.

27. Give me the book. The cover of ____ is red.

28. Give me the book ______ cover is red.

29. Give me the book, the cover ________ is red.

30. Give me the book, _______ the cover is red.

31. Last week we visited the factory. My brother works in_____.

32. Last week we visited the factory ______ my brother works.

33. Last week we visited the factory ___________ my brother works in.

34. The reason was not clear. He didn’t come for ______.

35.The reason _____ he didn’t come was not clear.

36. I’ll never forget the day _______ I joined the army.

37. I’ll never forget the factory _______ my father worked.

38. Tell me the reason ______ you came late.

39. This is the room______ _____they once lived.

40. This is the reason______ ______ I failed.

41. The pencil_______ ______he wrote was broken.

42. She has three children, all_____ _____ are at school.

43. I don’t know the student  ____________ Tom quarreled yesterday.

44.She is the girl ____________ I went there.

45.I don’t know the thing ___________Tom and Mary quarreled yesterday.

46. This is the hotel ___________ you will stay.

47. This is the house _________ my sister lives

48. This is the factory____________.I once worked.

49. The house_____________he spent 100,000 yuan is very  beautiful.

50. I can’t find the very pen____________I wrote that letter.

51. China has a lot of famous writers, one______ ______is Lu Xun.

52.  Do you like the book               she spent $10?

53. Do you like the book               she paid $10?

54.  Do you like the book                she learned a lot?   

55. Do you like the book                she often talks?

56. He built a telescope                 he could study the skies.

57.There is a tall tree outside,            _____stands our teacher.

58. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ___________is the Yellow River.

59. The tower _______ people can have a good view is on the hill.

60. The man ________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.

61. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ______ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

62. He did all / everything _______he could to help me.

63. This is the very thing _______ I am after.

64. We talked about the men and the things _______ we remembered at school.

65. He is the only man _______ can do the work.

66. This is the first thing _______ I want to say.

67. He is the finest man _______ I have ever worked with.

68. Who is the man _______ spoke to you at the gate.

69. Which is the star _______ is nearest to the earth.

70. Is there anything else _______ you want to say?

71. Any person _______ has the money can join the group.

72. He often speaks the role he played in the play, _______ made others upset.

73. He opened the door, in front of _______ sat a boy.

74. The man to _______ I spoke is a famous scientist.

75. The boy _______ mother is dead was brought up by his father.

76. This is the teacher _____________  teaches us maths.

77. She is the girl ________________  I met at the party.

78. The money _____________ is in the wallet is mine.

79. The money ___________ my mother gave me yesterday has been stolen.

80. This is the house ___________ my sister lives in.

81. The river _________ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.

82. I don’t like the way ________ you speak to your mother.

83. I don’t like the way ________ he suggested.

84. This is the way _______ leads to the small village.

85. This is the first time _________ I have been here.

选择题：

1. All_________ is useful to us is good.

A. which  B. what    C. that    D. whether

2. Is this factory _______the foreign visitors visited last week? 

A. where   B. that     C. which  D. the one

3. She will never forget the days ______she spent in Beijing. 

A. when    B. what    C. which   D. why

4. This is the school ________my father worked thirty years ago.

A. that    B. when   C. which   D. where

5. The text is one of the most interesting stories ______learned in the past three years.

A. that have            B. that have been

C. which has           D. which has been

6. The college won’t take on anyone ______eyesight is weak. 

A. who   B. whose   C. of whom  D. which

7. Let me think of proper situation ______this sentence can be used.

A. where  B. that    C. which  D. of which

8. The man _________you are talking is in the next room.

A. to whom  B. about whom C. who D. whom

9. This is the factory ______he used to work at, many workers of ______still have a good relationship with him.  A. that; it  B. which; whom

C. that; which  D. which; that

10. Here is the bicycle _______in the shop.

 A. that you saw it          B. that saw it

C. you saw                D. you saw it

11. Those_______to take part in the game write down your names, please.

 A. who   B. who want   C. that wants   D want

12. I, ______your good friend, will try my best to help you out.

A. who is B. what is  C. what am D. who am

13. His walking-sick, _______he can’t walk, was lost yesterday.

A. that  B. with which C. which D. without which

14. There are three libraries in our school, _____were built five years ago. 

A. all of them   B. either of them

C. all of which  D. both of that

15. The reason  _______he can’t come is that he has to work late. 

A. because  B. that  C. why  D. for

16. He is not the man _______he used to be.

A. what   B. that   C. which    D. as

17. This is the only thing ______I can do now.

A. what   B. which C .that   D. all

18. I don’t like the way _____he spoke to me.

  A. by that  B. what  C. by which  D./

19. They have decided to finish the work in time, _____, I think, is a wise choice.

 A. that    B. what   C. which   D. whether

20. The family ______I stayed with in New York are coming to Beijing.

  A. which B. whom  C. what   D. whose

21. He is the only one of the students who_____ a winner of scholarship for three years. （2002年上海春季卷）

A. is  B. are    C. have been   D. has been

22. Helen was much kinder to her youngest son than to the others, _____, of course, made the others envy him.  A. who    B. that   C. what    D. which

23. He made another wonderful discovery, __________of great importance to science.

　　A. which I think is   B. which I think it is

　　C. which I think it    D. I think which is

24. He is the only one of the students who ________ good at English.

　　A. is    B. are   C. have been   D. were

25. He arrived in New York in 1896,_____, some time later, he became an actor.

　　A. when    B. where   C. that     D. which

26. In our next English class the cases will be offered to you _______ these phrases can be used together.

　　 A. that   B. which  C. who   D. where

27. There are fifty-six students in our class, _______come from the countryside.

　　 A. half of them   B. half of whom

　　 C. half of what   D. half of who

28. There are twenty-five problems in the physics exam paper, _______ is this one.

　　 A. the most difficult of them

　　 B. the most difficult of that

　　 C. the most difficult of which

　　 D. the most difficult of what 

29. Is this the chair _______ you put all of your books the day before yesterday?

　A. which  B. that  C. where  D. what

30. Your illness will not develop to the point _______ nobody can cure it.

　　 A. which  B. that  C. what  D. where

31. There are 20 students in this class, ______ are different.    (此题为多选题)

A. whose backgrounds 

B. the backgrounds of whom

C. of whom the backgrounds       

D. the backgrounds of whose