黑白人物头像剪影:世界上最干净的十个国家（双语）

(2011-09-07 14:21:38)
标签：干净
国家
旅游
分类：国际瞭望台
Researchers at Yale and Columbia ranked countries' environmental performance based on 25 metrics, including water and air quality, habitat protection and the impact of the environment on the health of the population. European countries make up more than half of the top 30, while the U.S. ranks 61st.
耶鲁大学和哥伦比亚大学的研究人员根据25指标，包括水和空气质量，栖息地保护和环境对人类健康的影响等，对世界各国的环保表现进行排名。欧洲国家占据前30名的一半多，而美国仅排名第61位。

1. Iceland
EPI score: 93.5
GDP per capita: $36,000
Population: 311,000
In the category of air pollution (effect on humans), Iceland scored 97.4, compared with 84.8 for countries of similar GDP per capita.
1. 冰岛
EPI（环保表现指数）得分：93.5
人均国内生产总值：36,000美元
人口：31.1万
在空气污染类别（对人类的影响），冰岛得分为97.4，而类似人均国内生产总值国家的平均得分为84.8。
2. Switzerland
EPI score: 89.1
GDP per capita: $37,000
Population: 7.6 million
Switzerland scores a perfect 100 in forestry, water quality (effects on humans) and biodiversity and habitat. Like most rich, industrialized nations, its lowest scoring was in air pollution (effects on ecosystem).
2. 瑞士
EPI得分：89.1
人均国内生产总值：37,000美元
人口：760万
瑞士在林业，水质（对人类的影响）以及生物多样性和栖息地保护方面得到完美的100分。像大多数富裕的工业化国家一样，其得分最低的是空气污染（对生态系统的影响）。

3. Costa Rica
EPI score: 86.4
GDP per capita: $9,600
Population: 4.5 million
That such a relatively poor and developing country ranks third in the EPI is testament to the natural endowments of Costa Rica, with dense forests, plentiful water and abundant wildlife. With smart development, Costa Rica can avoid the standard path that growing nations take of polluting their environment, only to clean it up again once they become wealthy. Costa Rica touts its EPI ranking in ads for its tourism sector.
3. 哥斯达黎加
EPI得分：86.4
人均国内生产总值：9,600美元
人口：450万
这样一个相对贫穷的发展中国家能排名第三，证明了哥斯达黎加的自然优势，茂密的森林，充足的水资源和丰富的野生动植物。如能明智地控制其发展过程，哥斯达黎加就能避免重蹈发展中国家以往先污染环境，富裕后再回头治理的覆辙。哥斯达黎加利用其EPI排名的优势大作广告，以发展其旅游业。

4. Sweden
EPI score: 86
GDP per capita: $33,400
Population: 9.1 million
Sweden has bragging rights, for the moment, among the Scandinavian states, where out-greening one another is a regional competition.
4. 瑞典
EPI得分：86
人均国内生产总值：33 400美元
人口：910万
就目前而言，在斯堪的纳维亚国家中，瑞典还有资格自吹自擂，然而在该地区，彼此间在绿化方面的竞争非常激烈。

5. Norway
EPI score: 81.1
GDP per capita: $48,000
Population: 4.7 million
Norway is a nation of astonishing wealth, built on vast offshore reserves of oil and natural gas. The global warming impact of those fossil fuels is not debited from Norway's results, rather it is recognized in the nations that burn them
5. 挪威
EPI得分：81.1
人均国内生产总值：48,000美元
人口：470万
挪威是一个惊人的富裕国家，拥有储量巨大的近海石油和天然气。这些化石燃料对全球变暖的影响不能记在挪威的账上，而应由那些使用燃料的国家承担。

6. Mauritius
EPI score: 80.6
GDP per capita: $10,000
Population: 1.3 million
A tiny island nation in the Indian Ocean to the east of Madagascar, Mauritius is far and away the highest-ranking nation of Sub-Saharan Africa; Djibouti comes second with a score of 60.5. Isolation is its benefit, helping keep pollution low and attracting a tourist trade eager to enjoy healthy marine areas.
6. 毛里求斯
EPI得分：80.6
人均国内生产总值：10,000美元
人口：130万
毛里求斯只是印度洋中，马达加斯加东面的一个小小岛国，但在撒哈拉以南非洲国家中排名遥遥领先；排名第二的吉布提只有60.5分。与世隔离是它的优势，有助于保持低污染，从而吸引那些渴望享受健康海洋生活的旅游者。

7. France
EPI score: 78.2
GDP per capita: $31,000
Population: 62 million
By far the most populous country in the top 10, France ranks very high in air and water quality and fisheries management. The EPI methodology benefits countries with significant nuclear power programs.
7. 法国
EPI得分：78.2
人均国内生产总值：31,000美元
人口：6200万目前世界前10名中人口最多的国家，法国在空气和水质量以及渔业管理方面排名非常高。EPI的评分方法有利于那些大量使用核电的国家。

8. Austria
EPI score: 78.1
GDP per capita: $35,000
Population: 8.3 million
Neck and neck with France, Austria benefits in the rankings by being landlocked. With no fisheries to be evaluated, Austria's 100 score on biome protection gets a greater weighting.
8. 奥地利
EPI得分：78.1
人均国内生产总值：35,000美元
人口：830万
与法国并驾齐驱，奥地利的排名得益于其地处内陆的优势。由于没有参与渔业评估，奥地利在生物群落保护方面得到的100分对其综合得分影响很大。

9. Cuba
EPI score: 78.1
GDP per capita: $8,500
Population: 11.3 million
Does Cuba prove that a communist idyll can also be an environmental one? Don't count on it. Researchers doubt the veracity of Cuba's data, which shows higher levels of public health, (including almost universal access to sanitation and clean water) than GDP would suggest. The average EPI score for Cuba's income peer group is 65.7.
EPI得分：78.1
人均国内生产总值：8500美元
人口：1130万
古巴是否能证明一个共产主义世外桃源也可以成为一个环保国家呢？不要指望它。研究人员怀疑古巴数据准确性，因为其数据表明公众健康状况（包括几乎普遍能获得卫生服务和清洁水），高于国内生产总值所能承担的水平。而古巴EPI平均收入在同组的得分只有65.7

10. Colombia
EPI score: 76.8
GDP per capita: $7,600
Population: 44 million
The poorest country in the top 10, Colombia's high ranking is due to the quality of its natural endowments. Its score for biodiversity and habitat, at 82.7 compares with an average of 51 for its income group. Colombia's carbon emissions are relatively low because of plentiful river systems feed enough hydropower generators to supply some 70% of electricity needs.
10. 哥伦比亚
EPI得分：76.8
人均国内生产总值：7,600美元
人口：4400万
哥伦比亚是前10名中最贫穷的国家，其高排名源于其得天独厚的自然资源质量。在生物多样性和栖息地保护方面其分数为82.7，而同等收入国家一组的平均分只有51。哥伦比亚的碳排放量相对较低，因为丰富的水系足以保证水能发电机的运转，能满足约70％的电力需求。
外研社官方博客：http://blog.sina.com.cn/fltrp19