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中考考点：how的用法作者：    how的用法灵活多变,它是英语中考试题的考点。下面笔者将把它的用法做一些简单归纳和讲解,并将近年一些有关how的中考试题一并呈现给大家,相信会对同学们的英语学习有所裨益。
　　
　　一、作疑问副词
　　
　　1. 引导问句表示“问候”或询问“状况”
　　以how引导问句向他人表示问候或询问某事或某人的进展或状况。例如:
　　How are things with you? 你情况怎么样?
　　How are you doing? 你好吗?
　　How is your family? 你的家人好吗?
　　How is it going? 一切顺利吗?
　　How have you been recently? 近来可好?
　　How is everything? 一切都好吗?
　　How are you getting on? 你进展顺利吗?
　　How do you get on with your classmates?
　　你与同学相处得怎样?
　　How is the weather today? 今天天气怎样?(相当于:What’s the weather like today?)
　　注意:
　　(1)礼貌用语“How do you do?”(你好!)不是向人提问,而是打招呼,它的答语仍是:“How do you do?”
　　(2)“How are you?”(你好吗?)的答语为“Fine, thank you.”“I’m well/OK/all right.”等。
　　[链接中考]
　　①——Nice to meet you, Mike. ____?
　　 ——Everything is OK. Thanks.
　　(2006潍坊)
　　 A. What are you doing
　　 B. What is it doing
　　 C. How are you going
　　 D. How is it going
　　②——By the way, ____ is your father?
　　 ——He’s quite well. Thank you.
　　(2008广州)
　　 A. who B. what
　　 C. how old D. how
　　③——How was your day off, Gloria?
　　 ——It was ____, I had a fantastic time. (2006昆明课改区)
　　 A. terrible B. so-so
　　 C. awful D. great
　　(key: ①D②D③D)
　　2. 引导问句,表示“征询”
　　以how引导的表示“征询”某人的看法或态度时,常用到两个句型:
　　(1)How do you like…? 例如:
　　How do you like the film? 你觉得这部电影怎么样?(相当于:What do you think of the film?)
　　(2)How about+n./v-ing? 例如:
　　How about this coat? 这件外套如何?(相当于:What about this coat?)
　　How about playing basketball? 去打篮球如何?(相当于:What about playing basketball?)
　　此时,答语可以为“Good idea.”“That’s great.”“I’d love/like to.”等。
　　[链接中考]
　　①——How about going for a walk outside?
　　 ——____. (2006武汉)
　　 A. I would be B. I like C. I do D. I’d like to
　　②——Tomorrow is Mother’s Day. What shall I give to Mother as a present?
　　 ——____ some flowers?
　　 A. Have you boughtB. Did you buy C. Will you buy D. How about
　　(Key: ①D ②D)
　　3. 引导问句询问“方式”
　　问做某事的方式、方法、手段等。例如:
　　How do you spell the word?
　　你如何拼写这单词?
　　How do you know about it?
　　你是怎样知道这件事的?
　　[链接中考]
　　①——____ does Mrs. Jackson learn Chinese?
　　(2008广西梧州)
　　 ——She learns it by herself.
　　 A. How B. Why
　　 C. Where D. Who
　　②——Do you know ____?(2004 河南)
　　——Yes, I do. She came here on foot.
　　 A. where Kate came from B. how Kate came here
　　 C. when Kate comes here D. why Kate didn’t come here
　　(Key: ①A ②B)
　　
　　二、作连接副词
　　
　　1. 作连接副词,引导从句。例如:
　　I know how he did it.
　　我知道他是怎么做到的。
　　How it was done was a mystery.
　　那件事是如何做的是一个谜。
　　I know how it would be from the first.
　　我从一开始就知道事情会怎样。
　　2. 作连接副词,和不定式连用。例如:
　　I don’t know how to do it.
　　我不知道如何做。
　　I told her how to find me.
　　我告诉她如何找到我。
　　注意:
　　(1)连接代词或连接副词引导的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的语序应为陈述句语序。例如:
　　我想知道你多大年龄。
　　[正]I want to know how old you are.
　　[误]I want to know how old are you.
　　(2)what和how引导动词不定式时的区别。
　　what作动词不定式的宾语。
　　how是副词,作不定式动词的状语,若不定式动词是及物动词时,应有其自身的宾语。例如:
　　I don’t know how to do it.
　　不能说:I don’t know how to do.或I don’t know what to do it.
　　[链接中考]
　　①Alice didn’t know how she could draw horses well. (改为同义句) (2006重庆课改区)
　　Alice didn’t know how ____ horses well.
　　②——Will you please give some advice on ____ English at home?
　 ——Well, do a lot of reading and listen to English programs. (2006辽宁课改区)
　　 A. how to read B. how to learn
　　 C. when to use D. where to use
　　③改错:
　　We don’t know what to solve these problems. ABC
　　 D (2006南京) ④No matter ____ busy he is, he won’t give up his hobby. (2008北京宣武区)
　　 A. what B. how C. where D. who
　　(Key: ①to draw②B③B what→how④B)
　　
　　三、引起感叹句
　　
　　引起感叹句,意为“多么”。常用句型为:
　　1. How+adj.+主语+be或系动词!例如:
　　How beautiful her voice is!
　　她的声音真美!
　　How nice the dish tastes!这道菜好香啊!
　　2. How+adv.+主语+行为动词!例如:
　　How hard they are working!
　　他们工作得好卖力啊!
　　3. How adj./adv.!(感叹句的省略式)例如:
　　How clean!真干净!
　　How well!太棒了!
　　4. How+主语+行为动词!例如:
　　How she sings!她唱得多好啊!
　　注意:
　　(1)how引导的感叹句可与what引导的感叹句转换。例如:
　　How beautiful the girl is!→What a beautiful girl she is!
　　(2)一般来说,由how或what引导的感叹句没有否定形式,因此不能说:How hard he didn’t work!
　　(3)被how强调的形容词或副词要放在how的后面。例如:
　　她多漂亮啊!
　　[正]How beautiful she is!
　　[误]How she beautiful is!
　　他跑得多快啊!
　　[正]How fast he is running!
　　[误]How he is running fast!
　　[链接中考]
　　①____ beautiful our school is!
　　(2008贵阳)
　　 A. How B. What a
　　 C. What D. How a
　　②The news sounds exciting. (改为感叹句) (2006烟台)
　　____ ____the news sounds!
　　③____ hot the weather is today!
　　(2008北京海淀区)
　　 A. What a B. What
　　 C. How a D. How
how的用法
　　
　　四、 和many,much,long等词连用
　　
　　和old,many,much,long,soon,often等词连用,询问年龄、数量、价格、长度、频率、距离、高度、重量等。例如:
　　How old are you? 你多大了?(相当于:What is your age?)
　　How many students does your school have?
　　你校有多少学生?
　　How much milk is there in the bottle?
　　瓶子里有多少牛奶?
　　How much is the book? 这本书多少钱?(相当于:How much does the book cost?或How much shall/should I pay for the book? 或What is the price of the book?)
　　How long can I keep your book?
　　你的书我可以借多久?
　　How long is the river? 这条河有多长?(相当于:What is the length of the river?)
　　How far (away) is it from your home to the school? 你们家离学校有多远?
　　How often does Lucy go back? 露茜多久回来一次?(回答时可用频度副词:never,seldom,sometimes,often,always,usually等或短语every day,three times a month等。)
　　回答时间长度时常根据实际情况选用:“about+时间段”、“for +时间段”或“since+时间点”。例如:
　　——How long will it take to do the work?
　　做这项工作需要多长时间?
　　——About a month. 大概一个月。
　　——How long have you been an editor?
　　你当编辑多久了?
　　——For six years./Since 2004.
　　六年了。/从2004年开始。
　　how soon问“从现在起以后多久时间”,回答时常用“in+时间段”。且句子常用一般将来时态。例如:
　　——How soon will you come back?
　　你多长时间能回来?
　　——In two hours. 两个小时后。
　　[链接中考]
　　①——How long has Eliza been a nurse?
　　 ——____. (2006长沙)
　　 A. Since 2002 B. Four years ago C. In 2002
　　②你每天花多长时间做家庭作业?
　　How ____ does it ____ you to do your homework every day? (2006长沙)
　　③——____ is it from your home to the school?
　　——It’s five miles. (2008广州)
　　 A. How far B. How often C. How long D. How many
　　④——____ does your school have a sports meeting?
　　——Once a year. (2006山西)
　　 A. How long B. How often C. How soon
　　⑤They will complete the building in two months. (就划线部分提问) (2006烟台)
　　____ ____ will they complete the building?
　　⑥你去商店买一把吉他,想询问售货员它的价格,你应该说:“Excuse me, ____?”(2008厦门)
　　⑦——____ will Tree Planting Day be?
　　 ——In a week. (2004无锡)
　　 A. How soon B. How far C. How long D. How often
　　⑧I spent forty yuan on this Chinese-English dictionary. (就划线部分提问)
　　(2008福州)
　　____ ____ did you spend on this Chinese-English dictionary?
　　⑨At the age of three, David weighed 20 kilos. (就划线部分提问) (2008天津)
　　____ ____ did David weigh at the age of three?
　　⑩I’d like to go to the island. Do you know ____ take me to get there by train? (2008上海)
　　 A. how often it will B. how soon it will
　　 C. how long will it D. how long it will
　　Key: ①A ②long; take ③A ④B ⑤How soon ⑥how much is the guitar/how much does the guitar cost/…⑦A ⑧How much ⑨How heavy ⑩D