麻城结婚:亨德尔清唱剧《弥赛亚》

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亨德尔清唱剧《弥赛亚》
 

亨德尔《弥赛亚》(莫扎特改编德语版 里林指挥法国里昂爱乐)
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亨德尔——哈里路亚大合唱(选自大清唱剧《弥赛亚》)
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著名音乐家罗斯特罗波维奇说, 有一种哲学指出:为了感受上帝的存在,首先你必须去信仰他,就好比为了感觉炉火的温度,你首先必须靠近它一样,音乐也是这样,首先你必须敞开你的胸怀去接纳它。
音乐不会主动地来浸润你的身心,你必须用心灵来聆听。这样它会刺激你的感官,激发你的智力,你才能感受音乐的热和美。古典音乐可以抚慰你在办公室工作一天之后高度紧张的情绪,甚至让你习惯板着的面孔活跃起来,它可以振奋精神,让你欢欣鼓舞,放松自如。忘掉那些古典音乐的复杂之辞和音乐教科书中令人厌倦连篇累牍的陈词吧。我们正坐在阳台上或者呆在高保真音乐氛围的家中,从巴赫到贝多芬、莫扎特、斯特拉文斯基一个世纪来给我们深深地满足和愉快的音乐中得到乐趣。要想在音乐中享受乐趣,你不仅要有一定古典音乐知识,也要有情感。好了,让我们随着音乐在耳边流失的时间,用情感和智慧这把钥匙去打开古典音乐殿堂大门吧!
 
如果要找出一部和亨德尔的生命血肉相连的作品,那就是《弥塞亚》。
亨德尔1712年到伦敦的时候,是一个歌剧作曲家。在1711年到1741年,他一共写了四十部歌剧,并且还经营着自己的歌剧院。他的歌剧在英国大受欢迎,树立了歌剧之王的形象,人们称亨德尔为“第二个普塞尔”。到了1735年间,他的歌剧受到新兴的中产阶级的冷落,歌剧院也随之倒闭。亨德尔负债累累,穷困潦倒,屋漏偏逢连夜雨,他的右半身也开始瘫痪,名利心一向很重的亨德尔顿时跌入谷底。1735年的7月,亨德尔收到了好友詹宁斯(Mr. Jenmens 1700-1773)寄来的三部清唱剧的脚本:《扫罗(Saul)》、《弥塞亚(Messiah)》以及《伯隆萨王(Belshazzar)》。在亨德尔研究这些剧本,深深为之打动的同时,宗教也净化着这位大起大落,历经沧桑的作曲家。虽然他并没有马上开始为之谱曲,但是亨德尔一定在这些剧本中找到了生活的信心,他的精神也得到了升华。
亨德尔在1741年8月22日下午开始写作《弥塞亚》,6天之内便完成了第一部分,9月6日完成第二部分,9月12日完成的架构,然后写了管弦乐部分并加修整,前后一共只花了24天。据说亨德尔在写作之中常常感动的泪流满面,泪水浸湿了手稿。尤其当他写到《哈利路亚》大合唱时,双膝跪倒在地,双手向天,喊着说,我真的看到了上帝,我从未有如此体验,也没有遇如此激情。
1742年4月13日,《弥塞亚》在都柏林首演。海报上写着:“为了一些困苦的囚犯,以及梅尔舍医院的利益而演出。”在3月27日预演时,为了腾出空间,让更多的人入座,要求妇女们不穿蓬裙,男人不佩剑。1743年《弥塞亚》在伦敦上演,英王乔治二世亲临剧院,当第二部分终曲《哈利路亚》要站着聆听,便作为一条不成文的惯例一直延续到今天。
《弥塞亚》的内容取材于圣经,由剧作家詹宁斯从圣经各个不同的篇章里摘录、重新编排,叙述耶稣的出生、生活、受难、受死及复活的全部过程。《弥塞亚》分成三部分,这三部分也可独立成章:
第一部分:耶稣降临的预言及耶稣的诞生。
第二部分:救赎的信息及耶稣为全人类的牺牲。
第三部分:耶稣的复活及最终的审判。
亨德尔的《弥塞亚》可说是全世界被演唱最多的神剧,也是基督徒耳熟能详的圣乐;其中的《哈利路亚》大合唱,更是许多大大小小的合唱团、圣歌队的保留曲目,许多人都能倒背如流。而演出的人数,都柏林首演时有18人诗班(6位男童女高音、12位男性演唱者中有4位女低音、4位男高音、4位男低音),共使用了33件乐器——12支小提琴、4支中提琴、3支大提琴、2支低音大提琴、4支双簧管、4支巴松管、2支小号、1组定音鼓、1架管风琴。莫扎特在1789年重编的乐谱,使后来演出的人数大增,同年在伦敦就有275位人声及248件乐器的记录。1859年在伦敦举行亨德尔100年逝世纪念会时,合唱团高达2765人、乐器460件。1869年在美国波士顿“和平日节庆”演出时,更创下一万人大合唱《哈利路亚》、500件乐器伴奏的记录。

亨德尔《弥赛亚》 坎托罗维 指挥
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亨德尔的清唱剧创作远从1708年即开始,一生约有两打作品,除了两首以意大利文写作之外,其他都以英文的脚本为依据。取材大多出自圣经。如:以斯帖、底波拉、扫罗王、以色列人在埃及、约书亚、参孙、所罗门王、耶弗他、犹大马加比亚斯等,最后一首是譬喻式的 (Allegorical)「时间与真理的胜利」(The Triumph of Time and Truth)(1757年)。至于「弥赛亚」却是独树一格的作品,是一首包含了旧约及新约,注重灵修、思考有关救主「弥赛亚」的作品,写的是关于基督的诞生,受难,复活,但没有故事情节,用一种间接,象征性的方式叙述。其咏叹调丰富而独创,旋律常加上非常动听的华饰和拖腔,以加强情感的抒发;合唱简朴深厚,常让复调与主调织体交替出现,和声坚实有力。这部清唱剧的全部曲谱是在一个月内完成的,这实在是神速。
亨德尔的「弥赛亚」可说是全世界被演唱最多的清唱剧(包括以英文及其他许多语言,当然英文唱的最多),也是基督徒耳熟能详的圣乐;其中之「Alleluia」大合唱,更是许多大大小小的合唱团、圣歌队唱过或试著去唱,许多人都能「倒背如流」的曲子。而演出的人数,首演时有18人诗班(6位男童女高音,12位男性演唱者中有4位唱女低音、4位男高音、 4位男低音),共使用了33件乐器──12支小提琴、 4支中提琴、 3支大提琴、2支低音大提琴、4支双簧管、4支巴松管、2支小喇叭、1组定音鼓、1架管风琴。这是1742年4月13日在爱尔兰首都都柏林首演的编制。
《弥赛亚》公演之夜,当演唱到第二幕终曲《哈里路亚大合唱》时,包厢里的英国国王肃然起立跟着合唱,于是全场随之起立合唱。因此形成一个惯例:此后《弥赛亚》每次公演到第二幕终曲时,都是全场起立齐唱《哈里路亚大合唱》。
莫札特在1789年重编的乐谱,使后来演出的人数大增,同年在伦敦就有275 位人声及248件乐器的记录。而1859年在伦敦的亨德尔100年逝世纪念会时,合唱团高达 2765人、乐器460件。1869年在美国波士顿「和平日节庆」演出时,更曾有过一万人大合唱「Alleluia」、500件乐器伴奏的记录。在台湾YMCA的Oratorio Chorus每年连续不断地于12月间推出,今年将是第50周年的演出,「弥赛亚」受欢迎的程度于此可见一斑。此外甚至有所谓的「弥赛亚大合唱节庆」,就如在美国普林斯顿的西敏寺音乐学院,常常邀请普林斯顿附近的居民,自备乐谱参加大合唱,英国的伦敦也常有此盛况,人数有时多达2000人。
当然,世上有许多贫穷的人,也因著「弥赛亚」的演出而多少获得些帮助,许多医院更因而被建造或改建。世界上各个角落每年都有人因为唱「弥赛亚」而获得心灵上的鼓舞,产生更多向上迈进的力量。许多基督徒因为听了它而更爱主、爱人。也有不少非基督徒(特别是大专院校的合唱团员)因为参与了「弥赛亚」的演出而深受感动,决心追求真理、用音乐服事世人;福音的种子撒播在各种数不尽的,唱过、听过「Messiah」的人心田之中,任何适当的时期,都可能发芽开花而结果。
《弥赛亚》歌词:
第一部分
1.Sinfonia (Overture) 4:47
2.Comfort ye, my people (Tenor) 3:38
Comfort ye, comfort ye, My people, saith your God; speak
ye comfortably to Jerusalem, and cry unto her, that her
warfare is accomplished, that her iniquity ispardoned;
...The voice of him that cried in the wilderness:
Prepare ye the
way of the Lord; make straight in the desert a highway
for our God.
你们的上帝说:“你们要安慰,安慰我的百姓。要对耶路撒冷说
安慰的话,又向她宣告说:她争战的日子已满了,她的
罪孽赦免了,...在旷野有人声喊着说:当预备耶和华的路,在沙
漠地修平我们上帝的道。
Isaiah 40:1-3
3.Every valley shall be exhalted (Tenor) 3:32
Every valley shall be exalted, and every mountain and
hill made low, the crooked straight and the rough places
plain.
一切山洼都要填满,大小山冈都要削平,高高低低的要改为平坦
,崎崎岖岖的必成为平原。
saiah 40:4
4.And the glory of the Lord (Chorus) 3:36
And the glory of the Lord shall be revealed, and all
flesh shall see it together: for the mouth of the Lord
hath spoken
it.
耶和华的荣耀必然显现,凡有血气的,必一同看见,因为这是耶
和华亲口说的。
Isaiah 40:5
5.Thus saith the Lord (Bass) 1:52
Thus saith the Lord of Hosts: Yet once a little while
and I will shake the heavens and the earth, the sea and
the dry
land; and I will shake all nations;and the desire of all
nations shall come.
万军之耶和华如此说:“过不多时,我必再一次震动天地、沧海
与旱地。我必震动万国;万国的珍宝,必都运来。”
Haggai 2:6-7
The Lord, whom ye seek, shall suddenly come to his
temple, even the messenger of the covenant, whom ye
delight
in; behold, He shall come, saith the Lord of Hosts.
万军之耶和华说:“你们所寻求的主,必忽然进入他的殿;立约
的使者,就是你们所仰慕的,快要来到。”
Malachi 3:1
6.But who may abide (Bass) 5:01
But who may abide the day of his coming and who shall
stand when He appeareth? For He is like a refiner's
fire.
他来的日子,谁能当得起呢?他显现的时候,谁能立得住呢?因
为他如炼金之人的火。
Malachi 3:2
7.And He shall purify (Chorus) 3:11
And He shall purify the sons of Levy, that they may
offer unto the Lord an offering of righteousness.
他必洁净利未人,他们就凭公义献供物给耶和华。
Malachi 3:3
8.Behold, a virgin shall conceive (Contralto) 0:43
Behold! A virgin shall conceive and bear a son, and
shall call his name Emmanuel, God with us.
必有童女怀孕生子,给他起名叫以马内利,上帝与我们同在。
Isaiah 7:14(cf Matthew 1:23)
9.O thou that tellest good tidings to Zion (Chorus) 7:22
O thou that tellest good tidings of Zion, get thee up
into the high mountain; O thou that tellest good tidings
to
Jerusalem, lift up thy voice with strength;
lift it up, be not afraid; say unto the cities of Judah,
Behold your God! Isaiah 40:9
报好信息给锡安的啊,你要登高山,报好信息给耶路撒冷的啊,
你要极力扬声。扬声不要惧怕,对犹大的城邑说:“看
哪,你们的上帝。”
Arise, shine, for thy light is come, and the glory of
the Lord is risen upon thee. Isaiah 60:1
兴起!发光!因为你的光已经来到,耶和华的荣耀发现照耀你。
10.For behold, darkness shall cover the earth (Bass)
2:59
For, behold, darkness shall cover the earth, and gross
darkness the people; but the Lord shall arise upon thee;
and
His glory shall be seen upon thee, and the Gentiles
shall come to thy light, and kings to the brightness of
thy rising.
Isaiah 60:2-3
看哪!黑暗遮盖大地,幽暗遮盖万民,耶和华却要显现照耀你,
他的荣耀要现在你身上。万国要来就你的光,君王要来
就你发现的光辉。
11.The people that walked in darkness (Bass) 4:51
The people that walked in darkness have seen a great
light; and they that dwell in the land of the shadow of
death,
upon them hath the light shined.
Isaiah 9:2
在黑暗中行走的百姓看见了大光;住在死荫之地的人有光照耀他
们。
12.For unto us a child is born (Chorus) 4:49
For unto us a child is born, unto us a son is given, and
the government shall be upon his shoulder; and his name
shall be called Wonderful, Counsellor, the Mighty God,
the everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace. Isaiah 9:6
因有一婴孩为我们而生,有一子赐给我们,政权必担在他的肩头
上。他名称为奇妙、策士、全能的上帝、永在的父、和
平的君。
13.Pifa (Pastoral Symphony) 4:37
14.There were shepherds (Soprano) 0:59
There were shepherds abiding in the field, keeping watch
over their flocks by night, And lo! the angel of the
Lord
came upon them, and the glory of the Lord shone round
about them, and they were sore afraid.
野地里有牧羊的人,夜间按着更次看守羊群。看哪!有主的使者
站在他们旁边,主的荣光四面照着他们。牧羊的人就甚
惧怕。
Luke 2:8-9
15.And the angel said unto them (Soprano) 0:53
And the Angel said unto them, Fear not; for behold I
bring you good tidings of great joy, which shall be to
all people;
for unto you is born this day in the city of David, a
Saviour, which is Christ the Lord.
那天使对他们说:“不要惧怕,我报给你们大喜的信息,是关乎
万民的,因今天在大卫的城里,为你们生了救主,就是
主基督。”
Luke 2:10-11
16.And suddenly there was with the angel (Soprano) 0:21
And suddenly there was with the Angel a multitude of the
heavenly host, praising God and saying: ...
忽然,有一大队天兵同那天使赞美上帝说: Luke 2:13
17.Glory to God in the highest (Chorus) 2:17
Glory to God in the highest, and peace on earth,
goodwill towards men.
在至高之处荣耀归于上帝,在地上平安归于他所喜悦的人。
Luke 2:14
18.Rejoice greatly oh daughters of Zion (Soprano) 4:32
Rejoice greatly, O daughter of Zion! Shout, O daughter
of Jerusalem! Behold, thy King cometh unto thee! He is
the
righteous Saviour, and He shall speak peace unto the
heathen.
锡安的民哪,应当大大喜乐;耶路撒冷的民哪,应当欢呼。看哪
,你的王来到你这里。他是公义的,并且实行拯救。他
必向列国讲和平。
Zechariah 9:9-10
19.Then shall the eyes of the blind (Contralto) 0:31
Then shall the eyes of the blind be opened, and the ears
of the deaf unstopped;
then shall the lame leap as a hart, and the tongue of
the dumb shall sing.
那时瞎子的眼必睁开,聋子的耳必开通。那时瘸子必跳跃象鹿,
哑巴的舌头必能歌唱。 Isaiah 35:5-6
20.He shall feed His flock (Contralto & Soprano) 6:12
He shall feed his flock like a shepherd, and He shall
gather the lambs with his arm, and carry them in his
bosom, and
gently lead those that are with young.
他必象牧人牧羊自己的羊群,用膀臂聚集羊羔抱在怀中,慢慢引
导那乳养小羊的。 Isaiah 40:11
Come unto him, all ye that labour and are heavy laden,
and He will give you rest. Take his yoke upon you, and
learn
of him, for He is meek and lowly of heart, and ye shall
find rest unto your souls.
凡劳苦担重担的人,可以到他这里来,他就使你们得安息。你们
当负他的轭,学他的样式,这样,你们心里就必得享安
息。
Matthew 11:28-29
21.His yoke is easy (Chorus) 3:03
His yoke is easy, and His burthen is light.
因为他的轭是容易的,他的担子是轻省的。
Matthew 11:30
第二部分
22. Behold the Lamb of God (Chorus) 4:08
Behold the Lamb of God that taketh away the sin of the
world.
看哪!上帝的羔羊,除去世人罪孽的。
John 1:29
23.He was despised (Contralto) 6:02
He was despised and rejected of men; a man of sorrows,
and acquainted with grief.
他被藐视,被人厌弃,多受痛苦,常经忧患。
Isaiah 53:3
24.Surely, He hath borne our griefs (Chorus) 2:59
Surely He hath borne our griefs, and carried our
sorrows! He was wounded for our transgressions; He was
bruised for our iniquities; the chastisement of our
peace was upon Him.
他诚然担当我们的忧患,背负我们的痛苦。他为我们的过犯受害
,为我们的罪孽压伤。因他受的刑法我们得平安。
Isaiah 53:4-5
25.And with His stripes (Chorus) 2:21
And with His stripes we are healed.
因他受的鞭伤我们得医治。
Isaiah 53:5
26.All we like sheep have gone astray (Chorus) 4:02
All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every
one to his own way. And the Lord hath laid on Him the
iniquity of us all.
我们都如羊走迷,各人偏行己路,耶和华使我们的罪孽都归在他
身上。
Isaiah 53:6
27.All they that see Him (Tenor) 0:53
All they that see him, laugh Him to scorn; they shoot
out their lips, and shake their heads saying:...
凡看见他的都嗤笑他。他们撇嘴摇头,说:
Psalm 22:7
28.He trusted in God (Chorus) 2:24
...He trusted in God that He would deliver him; let Him
deliver him, if He delight in him.
他把自己交托耶和华,耶和华可以救他吧!耶和华既喜悦他,可
以搭救他吧!
Psalm 22:8 (cf Matthew 27:43)
29.Thy rebuke hath broken His heart (Tenor) 2:39
Thy rebuke hath broken His heart; He is full of
heaviness. He looked for some to have pity on Him, but
there was no man, neither found He any to comfort Him.
辱骂伤破了他的心,他又满了忧愁;他指望有人体恤,却没有一
个;他指望有人安慰,却找不着一个。
Psalm 69:20
30.Behold and see if there be any (Tenor) 2:03
Behold, and see if there be any sorrow like unto His
sorrow.
你们要观看,又象这临到他的痛苦没有?
Lamentations 1:12
31.He was cut off (Tenor) 0:26
He was cut off from the land of the living; for the
trangressions of Thy people was He stricken.
他从活人之地被剪除,是因我百姓的罪过。
Isaiah 53:8
32.But thou didst not leave (Tenor) 3:22
But Thou didst not leave His soul in hell; nor didst
Thou suffer Thy Holy One to see corruption.
它的灵魂不撇在阴间,他的肉身也不见朽坏。
Acts 2:31
33.Lift up your heads (Chorus) 3:13
Lift up your heads, O ye gates, and be ye lift up, ye
everlasting doors, and the King of Glory shall come in.
Who is the King of Glory? The Lord strong and mighty,
the Lord mighty in battle. Lift up your heads, O ye
gates, and be ye lift up, ye everlasting doors, and the
King of Glory shall come in. Who is the King of Glory?
The Lord of Hosts, He is the King of Glory.
众城门哪,你们要抬起头来!永久的门户,你们要被举起!那荣
耀的王将要进来。荣耀的王是谁呢?就是又能有力的耶和华,在
战场上有能的耶和华。众城门哪,你们要抬起头来!永久的门户
,你们要把头抬起!那荣耀的王将要进来。荣耀的王是谁呢?万
军之耶和华,他是荣耀的王。
Psalm 24:7-10
34.Unto which of the angels (Tenor) 0:26
Unto which of the Angels said He at any time, Thou art
My son, this day have I begotten thee?
所有的天使,上帝从来对哪一个说:你是我的儿子,我今日生你
Hebrews 1:5
35.Let all the angels of God (Chorus) 1:37
Let all the angels of God worship Him.
上帝的使者都要拜他。 Hebrews 1:6
36.Thou art gone up on high (Bass) 3:59
Thou art gone up on high; Thou hast led captivity
captive, and received gifts for men, yea, even from
thine enemies, that the Lord God might dwell among them.
你已经升上高天,掳掠仇敌;你在人间,就是在悖逆的人间,受
了供献,叫耶和华上帝可以与他们同住。
Psalm 68:18 (cf Ephesians 4:8)
37.The Lord gave the word (Chorus) 1:12
The Lord gave the word, great was the company of the
preachers.
主发命令,传好信息的妇女成了大群。
Psalm 68:11
38.How beautiful are the feet (Soprano) 3:05
How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the
gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things.
报福音,传喜信的人,他们的脚踪何等佳美。
Romans 10:15
39.Their sound is gone out into all lands (Chorus) 1:43
Their sound is gone out into all lands, and their words
unto the ends of the world.
他们的声音传遍天下,他们的言语传到地极。
Romans 10:18
40.Why do the nations so furious rage (Bass) 2:53
Why do the nations so furiously rage together, and why
do the people imagine a vain thing? The kings of the
earth rise up, and the rulers take counsel together
against the Lord, and against His Annointed.
外邦为什么争闹?万民为什么谋算虚妄的事?世上的君王一齐起
来,臣宰一同商议,要敌挡耶和华并他的受膏者。
Psalm 2:1-2
41.Let us break their bonds asunder (Chorus) 1:49
Let us break their bonds asunder, and cast away their
yokes from us.
我们要挣开他们的捆绑,脱去他们的绳索。 Psalm 2:3
42.He that dwelleth in Heaven (Tenor) 0:22
He that dwelleth in heaven shall laugh them to scorn;
the Lord shall have them in derision.
那坐在天上的必发笑,主必嗤笑他们。 Psalm 2:4
43.Thou shalt break them (Tenor) 2:10
Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; Thou shalt
dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel.
你必用铁杖打破他们,你必将他们如同窑匠的瓦器摔碎。
Psalm 2:9
44.Hallelujah (Chorus) 3:32
Alleluia: for the Lord God omnipotent reigneth.
(Revelation 19:6b) The Kingdoms of this world are become
the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ; and He shall
reign for ever and ever. (Revelation 11:15b)
KING OF KINGS AND LORD OF LORDS. (Revelation 19:16b)
哈利路亚!因为主我们的上帝,全能者作王了。世上的国成了我
主和主基督的国;他要作王,直到永永远远。万王之王,万主之
主。
第三部分
45.I know that my Redeemer liveth (Soprano) 7:43
I know that my Redeemer liveth, and that he shall stand
at the latter day upon the earth; and though worms
destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see God.
我知道我的救赎主活着,末了必站立在地上。我这皮肉灭绝之后
,我必在肉体之外得见上帝。
Job 19:25-26
For now is Christ risen from the dead, the first-fruits
of them that sleep.
基督已经从死里复活,成为睡了之人初熟的果子。
I Corinthians 15:20
46.Since by man came death (Chorus) 2:30
Since by man came death by man came also the
resurrection of the dead. For as in Adam all die even so
in Christ shall all be made alive.
死既是因一人而来,死人复活也是因一人而来,在亚当里众人都
死了,照样,在基督里众人也都要复活。