陕西自考网上报名:倒装付加疑问句

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第十五章 倒装及附加疑问句

§15.1 倒装

1)以含有否定意义的词或含有否定词的状语开头的句子须用倒装,

常见的有:never,not,nowhere,neither,nor,little,seldom,hardly,

scarcely,rarely,not only,no sooner?than,in on way(决不),

on no account(决不),by no means(决不),in/under no circum

- stances,at no time,on/under no consideration,not for the world,

in no case,by no manner of means 等等。

a.Not a word did she say in his favor.

b.His father is not an engineer,neither is his mother.

(2)here,there,now,then 等副词置于句首,而谓语是come 或

be,主语又是名词时,须用倒装。

a.Here is a letter for you.

b.There came the moment we had been looking for.

当主语为人称代词时(如:There she comes.)不可使用倒装。

(3)在there be 句型中,必须用倒装。

a.There are two bridges over the river.

b.There exist different opinions on this question.

(4)only 加状语置于句首,必须使用倒装。

a.Only then did I realize the importance of laying a solid

foundation.

b.Only by relying on the masses can we fulfill the task given

by the Party.

(5)省去if 的虚拟条件句必须用例装,如:Had you come earlier,

he would not have made such a mistake.

(6)以so 开头表示“也一样”的省略句须用倒装,如:He is a doctor,

so is she.如果前后两句的主语是同一人时,不可使用倒装。

A.He is a liar. B:So he is.

(7)在the more?the more 句型中,常出现倒装语序,如:The

moreyou give us,the better it will be.

(8)在让步状语从句中,为了加强语气,可以把句中的表语或宾语

置于句首,如:Successful though we are,we mustn't be arrogant.

§15.2 附加疑问句

1.附加疑问句中的主语

一般附加疑问句的主语是陈述句部分相对应的人称代词,如:You are

a student,aren't you?但情况并非总如此,注意以下几点:

1)陈述部分是 nobody,no one,none,everyone,everybody,some

one,somebody,anyone,anybody 等作主语,附加疑问中的主语有时不

用 he 或 one,而用 they,如:Nobody has opened this cupboard during

my absence.have they?

这种 nobody,no one 是指某个特定范围里的人,如指“世界上没有

任何人”这样一般概念时,地须用he,如:No one likes to be given short

change,does he?

陈述部分主语是everything 时,附加疑问句主语须用it,如:Ev

- erything has gone wrong,hasn't it?

(2)以this,that,these,those 作主语的句子,附加疑问句的

主语必须分别用it 或they。

a.This/That is a desk,isn't it?

b.These/Those are pencils,aren't they?

(3)陈述部分的主语是不定式、动名词、词组或从句,附加疑问句

的主语一律用it。

a.Fishing is interesting,isn't it?

b.To master English is not easy,is it?

(4)在 there be 句型中,附加疑问句的主语用 there,如:There

is some salt left,isn't there?

(5)陈述句的主语是one,附加疑问句在正式场合用one,在非正

式场合用 you,在美国口语中还可用 he,如:One can't work all the

time,can one?

(6)陈述句的主语是each of?,如强调单个,附加疑问句的主语

可用 he。如强调全体,可视情况用 they,we,you 等,如:Each of the

successful candidates was presented with a certificate,wasn't he?

(7)如果陈述部分是复合句,在一般情况下,附加疑问句的主语与

主句中的主语一致,如:You were quite strong when I saw you last

time,weren't you?但当复合句主句的主语是第一人称,而谓语又是

think,believe,fancy,expect 等时,附加疑问句的主语与从句的主语

一致,如:I don't believe she is a liar,is she?

2.附加疑问句中的动词

附加疑问句中的动词一般应与陈述部分的动词相对应,但必须注意

以下几点:

(1)陈述部分的主语是单数第一人称,谓语是系动词be 的一般时,

附加疑问句中往往用 aren't I,如:I am strong,aren't I?

(2)陈述部分动词是 must 加 be 表示对现在情况的猜测,附加疑

问句一般用 be 的相应形式,如:He must be an engineer,isn't he?

否定的猜测不可用mustn't be,而要用can't be。另外,陈述部分

如用 can't be 时,附加疑问句的动词仍用 can,如:He can't be a

lawyer,can he?

(3)陈述部分是must 加现在完成时表示对已发生情况的猜测,附

加疑问句应依具体情况分别用did,has 或have。如果有明确表示过去的

时间状语(before 除外),就用did。否则用has 或have,如:Shemust

have attended the meeting yesterday evening,didn't she?

(4)陈述部分的谓语动词是can't 加现在完成时表示对已发生事情

的猜测,附加疑问句应依具体情况分别用did,has,have,如有明确的

过去时间,用 did,如:The workers can't have finished their work

yet,have they?

(5)在let's 开头的句子中,附加疑问句中的动词用shall。在let

us 开头的句子中,附加问句动词用will,有时也可用may 或can。

a.Let's go and have a look at it,shall we?

b.Let us know when you will get married,will you?

c.Let me do it,will you?

d.Le me help you,may I?

let's 一般包括说话者的对方,let us 一般不包括对方。

(6)陈述部分的动词have 意为“有”,附加疑问句中的动词用have

或has(英国英语),而美国英语用do 或does。陈述部分的动词have

意为“吃、休息、开会?”时,附加疑问句一律用do,does 或did。

a.Jack has two sisters,hasn't/doesn't he?

b.Tom had a good rest last night,didn't he?

(7)陈述部分的动词是have(has,had)to 表示“不得不、必须”,

附加疑问句的动词一般用 do,does,did,如:We have to fulfill the

task within three days,don't we?

(8)陈述部分是 had sth.done 这个句型时,附加疑问句的动词用

did,如:They had the door repaired,didn't they?

(9)陈述部分有实义动词need,附加疑问句中动词用do 或does。

陈述部分 need 是情态动词,附加疑问句中用 need,如:I need to buy

a dictionary,don't I?

(10)陈述部分用ought to 时,附加疑问句的动词用ought(英国

英语)或 should(美国英语),如:I ought to complain,shouldn't

I?

(11)陈述部分的动词是 used to 时,附加疑问句中动词可用used,

use 或 did。

a.There used to be some trees in this field,use(d)n't/didn't

there?

b.You used to smoke a pipe,use(d)n't you?

3.附加疑问句的特殊形式

一般,陈述部分是肯定,附加部分即为否定,反之亦然。但必须注

意下列特殊情形:

(1)let 开头的祈使句的陈述部分和附加部分都是肯定形式:

a.Let her do it,will you?

b.Let's read the text again,shall we?

(2)一般祈使句的陈述部分是否定形式,附加疑问句必须是肯定形

式。陈述部分是肯定形式,附加疑问句可以是否定形式,也可以是肯定

形式,如:Do it quickly,can't you?(或 can you?)

(3)陈述部分的动词或形容词是加否定前缀构成的,附加疑问句仍

用否定形式,如:He is unmarried,isn't he?

(4)陈述部分的主语是 nothing 时,附加疑问句用肯定形式。陈述

部分宾语是nothing 时,附加疑问句用肯定或否定形式均可。

a.There is nothing left,is there?

b.He has got nothing,has/hasn't he?

(5)陈述部分有 hardly,barely,scarcely,seldom,little,

few 等否定意义的副词或形容词修饰时,附加疑问句必须用肯定形式,如:

she hardly gets up late,does she?

(6)在共感疑问句或修辞疑问句中,陈述部分和附加部分可以用同

一肯定或否定形式,如:You have had an accident,have you?