陈霸先杀王僧辩知乎:图画作文应对方法

    写图画作文要注意以下问题：1)审图：抓图画要点，动笔之前一定要对所呈现的图画有一个整体把握，确定好写作的关键点。2)构思问题：根据审图时确定的关键点，根据全文的字数要求，初步确定每一幅图画的句子分布，将图画转变为写作要点，对图画的处理要把握住轻重，注意图片间的衔接。
    笔者结合学生高中阶段英语写作实践，总结出写好“图画作文”的关键在于落实好“四化”及“四性”。
    一、“四化”原则：图形要点化、要点短语化、短语句子化及句子短文化
    1.图形要点化
    要仔细阅读题示信息，抓住每幅图画的要点和特征，确定写作重点，同时从整体上把握图画间的联系。
    2.要点短语化
    使用作文语篇中要求的正确时态将上述要点用正确的动词短语列出，若为及物动词或短语则需带上相应的宾语。
    3.短语句子化
    对信息进行加工、整合，加上其他必要的句子成分如主语、状语等，此时应充分运用一些较高级别的表达形式（如复合句、非谓语动词、with复合结构、感叹句、强调句型等）。
    4.句子短文化
    从整体上把握文章，抓住英语文章的写作特点连句成篇。这时要从语篇的角度来审视短文：语篇应具有较强的层次感，段落应围绕某一主题或话题展开。
    二、“四性”原则：全面性、多样性、正确性及连贯性
    图画作文的“四化”是相互连接，相互影响的，“四化”只是一些最基本的要求，要想完成一篇上乘的看图作文，还得把握好与“四化”相对应的“四性”原则。
    
    1.要点的“全面性”
    作文的要点必须包含图画中的所有主要信息，不能遗漏要点。
    2.短语的“多样性”
    尽可能多地使用丰富的词汇、短语及句型来表达要点的含义。用最简洁的方式表达清楚最复杂的意思。
    3.句子的“正确性”
    确保所写的并列句、定语从旬、名词性从句、状语从句以及其他句式的正确性，确保选词表达准确，写出符合英语表达的地道句子。
    4.短文的“连贯性”
    英语作文讲究整体感及层次感，考生应使首尾段呼应、各段的主题句和支持主题句发展的信息应保持一致，并根据文意及逻辑关系恰当使用必要的过渡词句，考虑首尾呼应。
    【原创经典】
    下图是发生在10月8日上午2班英语课上的一幕，请描述图画的主要内容，并就此谈谈你的看法：
    注意：图画描述部分词汇不少于60词；全文不少于120词。
    根据提示及图画信息可知，短文分为两部分：描述图画和畅谈感想。
    第一部分：描述图画
    这是一件发生在过去具体时间即10月8日2班英语课堂上的一幕，故已发生的动作应使用一般过去时。
    第二部分：畅谈感想
    畅谈感想部分应针对图画折射出的现象说明作者对此现象的看法和态度，虽然不同的人对同一现象存在不同的看法，但这类陈述的时态通常为现在时范畴。
    1.图形要点化
    要点1（教师）：组织课堂，提出问题；
    要点2（学生）：手持电话，举手回答。
    2.要点短语化
    ①was organizing the class on the morning of October 8.
    ②put forward the following question, "What is the most efficient way to communicate with others in our daily life?"
    ③responded immediately by putting up a hand with a cell phone in it.
    3.短语句子化
    ①Mr. Smith, the English teacher of Class Two, was organizing the class on the morning of October 8.
    ②He put forward the following question," What is the most efficient way to communicate with others in our daily life?"
    ③The moment the students heard the question, each of them responded immediately by putting up a hand with a cell phone in it.
    4.句子短文化
    Mr. Smith, the English teacher of Class Two, was organizing his class on thE morning of October 8①. Faced with the topic "COMMUNICATION" on the blackboard, he put forward the following question, "What is the most efficient way to communicate with others in our daily life?"② The moment the students heard the question, each of them responded immediately by putting up a hand with a cell phone in it③. The teacher was astonished!④
    佳句点评：
    1.句①为主题句，体现本段的发展方向，全段围绕“organize”一词展开；
    2.句②使用非谓语动词短语作状语，提升了表达效果；句③使用the moment引出的状语从句及with复合结构，增强了句式表达的多样性；
    3.句④表明了老师对此事的反应。
    语篇整理：
    Mr. Smith, the English teacher of Class Two, was organizing his class on the morning of October 8. Faced with the topic" COMMUNICATION" on the blackboard, he put forward the following question," What is the most efficient way to communicate with others in our daily life?" The moment the students heard the question, each of them responded immediately by putting up a hand with a cell phone in it. The teacher was astonished!
    The teacher clearly expected his question to provoke further discussion about ways to communicate. However, the unexpected happened as soon as he mentioned the topic. Are student cell phones useful or harmful in the classroom?
    As the saying goes," There are two sides to every story", so it's not clear if the presence of cell phones in the classroom is good or not. A student with a mobile phone in school will be influenced by the additional functions of a cell phone, such as sending short messages, making friends, playing games and surfing the Internet, obviously distracting from classwork ( especially when all these are conducted at an improper time). Some even call their friends by phone in class, which will definitely have a negative effect on both teachers and students. If students are not allowed to bring cell phones to school however, how will they be able to solve the problem to keep in touch with their family? That problem can be solved so long as the school provides them with things like call boxes, so in my opinion,it is a good idea to ban cell phones in school. Students will benefit in the long run.
    【迁移提高】
    为进一步让外宾了解祖国各地正在发生的变化，请根据以下图片提供的信息，给某英文杂志的“家乡变化”专栏写一篇以“My Hometown”为题的英文稿件，介绍家乡在过去10年的变化，并简要谈谈你对此变化的感想。
    注意：1)词数：不少于120词；2)短文应包括图中所提供的主要信息，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
    
    
    （王凯婷、朱粒　图）
    参考范文
    My Hometown
    Great changes have taken place in my hometown over the past ten years.
    My hometown was once a beautiful village, where the locals led a quiet life. The nice scenery was just breathtaking with the surroundings dressed all in green and man was in harmony with nature. Despite the fact that they lived in plain houses, the natives enjoyed a free life of activities such as fishing in the pond, cycling on the road and studying in the primary school. In short, people felt it a pleasure to have such a peaceful environment.
    Nowadays, a modern city has been established in its place. To provide citizens with better living conditions, the government built parks to play in and bookstores to study in. Tall buildings have been built here and there. Instead of bicycles on the country roads, buses and cars have replaced them in the wide streets, which takes on a new look.
    As a saying goes," There are two sides to every story. "A modern city suggests that my hometown has progressed and developed. On the other hand, I also long for a place with peacefulness and a green and natural environment. What we should do is to try to keep the course of development in balance.^NU1DA20100701