阿拉善左旗:与天气有关的词汇

一、天气有关的词汇
frost 霜
hail 冰雹
snow 雪
thunder 雷
wind 风
mist 雾
cloud 云
haze 霾
rain 雨
downpour, shower 暴雨
storm, tempest 暴风雨
lightning 闪电
land wind 陆风
hurricane 飓风
cyclone 旋风
typhoon 台风
super typhoon超级台风
tornado/whirlwind 龙卷风
gale 强风
gale 季节风
gust 阵风
breeze 微风
fog 浓雾
dew 露水
humidity 潮湿
freeze 冰冻
snowflake 雪花
snowfall 降雪
waterspout 水龙卷
dead calm 风平浪静二、天气有关的习语
1. weather
1）keep a weather eye out 注意观察
keep a weather eye out原来指的是在海上张帆远航时头等重要的大事，也就是时时注意观测风云变幻。而生活在当今的现实中也不时会遇上不测风云和旦夕祸福，也得注意提防，所以习惯用语keep a weather eye out就逐渐广泛的应用在日常生活中了，指时时谨防生活中的烦扰变故。Let's keep a weather eye out for those guys across the street. If they cut their prices or offer more dishes than we do, we need to be ready to fight back as quick as we can before they grab any more of our customers.
我们可得密切注视街对面的那些家伙，要是他们减价或者增加我们没有的新品种，我们必须在他们抢走更多顾客前尽快作出反击。2）heavy weather 种种难以应付的障碍和困难
Heavy weather也产生在两百来年前用帆船航海的时代，是水手之间的常用语，指狂风暴雨、雷电交加、波浪滔天的险恶天气。近年来人们开始借用水手语言中的heavy weather来指种种难以应付的障碍和困难了。John has his heart set on being an engineer. He studies hard in his math courses, but I'm sorry to say he doesn't get very high grades. So I'm really afraid he'll run into heavy weather when he has to take calculus next semester.
John立志当工程师，他尽管在数学课程方面很用功，但是遗憾的是学习成绩平平。所以我真担心，他下学期学微积分的时候会困难重重。3）under the weather 由于天气不好而引起的身体不适
Under the weather沿用至今有一百五十来年了。有人推测这个习惯用语原来可能指有的人由于海上风急浪高而晕船，感到身体不舒服。下面例子中的小伙原来约好了女朋友当天晚上去看电影，但是女朋友来电话给他当头浇了瓢凉水。
That's right. She just phoned to tell me she's under the weather today. She's come down with a headache and a bad cough so she can't go out with me tonight.
对啊，她刚打来电话告诉我她今天身体不舒服。她头很疼，又咳嗽得厉害，所以今晚不能和我一起出去了。这里的习惯用语under the weather意思是“身体不舒服”。但是under the weather也常被人们用来委婉地指酗酒后第二天感到头痛，呕吐等不舒服的现像。例如在这句话里： He's under the weather because of last night's party. 他昨晚聚会酒喝多了现在还头疼。4） a fair-weather friend指顺境中的朋友，言下之意是不能共患难的酒肉朋友。5）weather the storm
这里的weather是动词，weather the storm相当于中文的“历经风雨”，意思是经历并度过困难和危机
2. wind
英语的风(wind)与航海有关，航海行船离不开风，尤其在帆船时代，没有风无法航行，因而就有了raise the wind(找风)这一短语，引申义为“筹钱”。航海中风向最重要，就有了find／see how the wind blows(看风向— — 观望)、trim one’s sail to the wind(见风使舵)的习语；出门要观天色，因而有look out for squalls(提防暴风— — 提防危险)的说法；顺风行驶(sail before the wind)就会“成功”；逆风行驶(sail against the wind)比喻在困难条件下工作；迎风航行(sail close to the wind)，引申为“几乎犯法”。某些习语与汉民族的思维方式时常相似，如take the wind of(抢占上风— — 先发制人)、blow cold and hot(摇摆不定)、get the wind of(得到风声)等。由于地理环境的影响，英语的“西风”(west wind)相当于汉语的东风，具有温暖，和煦的含义。雪莱在西风颂中由衷地歌颂了西风，而西风在汉语中是萧瑟、凄凉的“寒风”。下列习语则反映了英国人的航海文化特色和思维方式。1）three sheets in the wind 形容醉酒的样子
sheet是用来固定风帆的帆脚索。到帆脚索绷紧时，帆船就满帆前进，平稳自如。如果三条帆脚索都随风摇曳，整条船就会东摇西晃，像一个醉汉一样。2）hang in the wind 犹豫不决
帆船在风向改变后，往往摇摆不定，难以确立航线。3）SOW the wind and reap the whirlwind 种下风收得暴风，汉语的“恶有恶报”有相同的含义。4）cast an anchor to windward 把锚抛在向风处，现有“未雨绸缪”的意思。5）A smooth sea never makes a skillful mariner平静的大海锻炼不出好水手。6）Hoist your sail when the wind is fair. 好风正扬帆。7）It’s an ill wind that blows nobody good. 人人厌恶的风不是好风，现有“坏事并非让所有人受害”的意思8）sail close to the wind冒险If you believe what he said, you are sailing close to the wind.
你要是相信了他的话，那你可就是在冒险了。9）know which way the wind blows了解情况He never tells his thoughts until he knows which way the wind blows.
不了解清楚情况，他从不发表看法。10）a straw in the wind 预示即将发生的迹象，预兆，苗头There are straws in the wind indicating that peace is around the corner.
有种种迹象表明和平即将来临。 此语也可写作 straws in the wind， straw 一词本指“禾杆，稻草”，引申为“细微的迹象，显露的苗头”，如：a straw of hope 一线希望。
3. rain
1）as right as rain 指身体健康，诸事顺利。（If things are right as rain, then everything is going well in your life.）I was sick, but now I feel as right as rain.
我之前是生病了，不过现在我觉得一切正常，精神很好。2）rain or shine 原意为下雨或天晴,喻意为不论情况如何。 Rain or shine, we want you come here on time.
如论如何，我们都希望你按时到来。
3）for a rainy day 为雨天作准备,意同成语未雨绸缪 。We save money for a rainy day.
我们存点钱算是未雨绸缪。4）It never rains but it pours. 不下则已,一下倾盆。相当于成语祸不单行。 I just got sacked and my wife left me！So it never rains but it pours！
我刚被解雇，妻子又离开了我。真是祸不单行啊。5）Small rain lays great dust. 小雨压大尘。比喻小的东西也可派上大用场。 6）After rain comes fine weather.雨过天晴。转喻为困难过后,胜利就会到来。4. cloud
1）on cloud nine飘飘然如上九重天。He was on cloud nine after winning the marathon.
他赢了马拉松比赛之后，极度兴奋。2）head in the cloud不切实际，好高骛远You can't always have your head in the cloud, you need to be down-to-earth.
你不能总是那么好高骛远，要脚踏实地一些。3）On a cloud是很高兴的意思，高兴得走路轻飘飘的好像腾云驾雾一样。 I've been on a cloud all day long--I heard this morning that I got an A on my final biochemistry exam.
我今天一天都很高兴，因为我早上听说，我生物化学期末考试得了一个A。5. rainbow
1）chase rainbows 做白日梦Chasing rainbows won't get you anywhere.
做白日梦不会对你有任何帮助。6. snow
1）be snowed down工作太多做不过来I've been snowed down by my work！
我被工作压得喘不过气来。2）white as snow纯洁无辜The accused didn't commit the murder, he is as white as snow.
被告并没有杀人，他是无辜的。