九乡新闻网蹦极价格:基因决定幸福
来源：百度文库 编辑：九乡新闻网 时间：2024/04/29 13:41:11
幸福感与基因“长”和“短”有关
Your overall happiness may depend in part on whether you drew the long or short version of a gene, say researchers
研究人员称，你总体的幸福感可能在一定程度上由你一个基因的“长”形式或“短”形式决定。
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Sally Hawkins as Poppy in Happy Go Lucky. The 5-HTT gene could help to explain why some people are naturally more cheerful than others. Photograph: PR
深红色装扮的莎莉·霍金斯是个乐天派。5-HTT基因能帮助解释为什么一些人天生就比其他人更乐观。照片：PR
In work that gives cranky teenagers another reason to blame their parents for all life's woes, researchers have uncovered a genetic link to happiness.研究人员发现遗传与幸福感相关，这给了暴躁的青少年一个将生命的灾难都怪罪于父母的理由。
The study of more than 2,500 Americans revealed two variants of a gene that influenced how satisfied – or dissatisfied – people were with their lot.
这项调查对象超过2500名美国人的研究表明，一个基因的两种形式会在很多程度上影响人们有多满意或不满意。
Those born with two long versions of the gene (one is passed down from each parent) were more likely to declare themselves "very satisfied" with life than those who inherited two short versions.那些出生就有两个“长”形式基因（父母各传递一个）的人比遗传了两个“短”形式基因的人更多的认为自己对生活“非常满意”。
The study marks a tentative step towards explaining the mystery of why some people seem naturally happier than others.
这项研究对为什么有些人看起来天生就比其他人更幸福的奥秘做出了探索性的解答尝试。
"This gives us more insight into the biological mechanisms that influence life satisfaction," said Jan-Emmanuel De Neve, a researcher at the London School of Economics and Political Science.
“这给予我们更多对影响人生幸福感的生物学机制的探察，”伦敦政治经济学院研究者扬-艾曼纽·德内弗认为。
"If you're feeling down, you can say it's your biology telling you life is less rosy that it is," he added.
“如果你情绪低落，可能是你自己的身体告诉你生活本身就并不如意，”他补充道。
A greater understanding of happiness genes might in future allow would-be parents to create a child who will be more satisfied with their life.对于幸福感基因的更深入研究可能在未来帮助那些想成为父母的人去设定他们的孩子，从而让他们的孩子对生活更满意。
Happiness is only partly influenced by genetic makeup. Studies in twins suggest that genes account for roughly a third to a half of the variation in happiness between people. It is not yet known how many genes affect how cheerful we are.当然，基因组成只是部分影响幸福感。对于双胞胎的研究表明，基因对幸福感的影响大约占到三分之一到一半。迄今为止尚未知道具体有多少基因影响我们对生活的乐观。
De Neve looked at the genetic makeup of 2,574 people selected to be representative of the general population, whose medical histories were recorded for the US National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Among the records were answers to a question participants were asked in their early 20s about life satisfaction.
德内弗观察2574名研究对象的基因组成，这些人员被选来代表总体人口，他们的病历记录被美国国家青少年健康纵向研究项目调用。在这些记录中，参与调查的人员被询问在他们20岁时对生活的满意程度。
In response to the question, "How satisfied are you with your life as a whole", they answered either "very satisfied", "satisfied", "neither satisfied or dissatisfied", "dissatisfied" or "very dissatisfied".
在回答问题，“从整体来看，你对生活的满意程度如何”，他们从以下答案中选择一个：“非常满意”、“满意”、“一般”、“不满意”、“非常不满意”。
Writing in the Journal of Human Genetics, De Neve describes how roughly 40% said they were "very satisfied" with life, and among these, 35.4% had two long variants of the gene and only 19.1% had two short versions. Of those who were "dissatisfied" with life, 26.2% had two long variants of the gene, while 20% had two short versions. That indicates a slight over-representation of the long variants in happier people.
在人类遗传学杂志的文章中，德内弗描述大约40%的人回答对生活“非常满意”，在这40%的人中，35.4%的人有两个“长”形式基因，只有19.1%的人有两个“短”形式基因。在回答对生活“不满意”的人中，26.2%的人有两个“长”形式基因，20%的人有两个“短”形式基因。这揭示了幸福人群中“长”形式基因的轻微过表达现象。
The gene, known as 5-HTT, is involved with the transport of serotonin, a feelgood chemical, in the brain. The longer variant leads to more efficient release and recycling of the neurotransmitter.这个基因称为5-HTT基因，涉及大脑中血清素的运输，血清素是一种让人感到愉悦的化学物质。“长”形式基因在释放和回收这种神经传递素上更有效率。
De Neve calculated that, everything else being equal, having one long version of the gene increased the number of people claiming to be "very satisfied" with life by around 8.5%. Having two long versions raised the number by 17.3%.德内弗通过统计发现，在其他条件相同的情况下，拥有一个“长”形式基因大约增加了8.5%的人声称“非常满意”，而有两条“长”形式基因增加了17.3%的人感觉“非常满意”。
In unpublished work, De Neve and other researchers have since replicated the result in a separate group of people.
在尚未发表的工作中，德内弗和其他研究人员在一个隔离人群组中得到了同样的结果。
De Neve urged caution over the result, however, and emphasised that inheriting two short versions of the gene did not condemn a person to a life of misery any more than two long versions would make someone impervious to sadness.然而，德内弗对研究结果十分谨慎，他强调继承了两个“短”形式基因的人并不意味着就会对生活感到十分的悲观，同样有两个“长”形式基因的人也不是不会受忧郁的影响。
"This gene has an important influence, but you cannot say it causes happiness. Happiness is hugely complex and your experiences throughout the course of your life will remain the dominant force on that," he said.
“这个基因有重要的影响，但你不能说它本身就导致幸福感。幸福是非常复杂的，你人生过程中的体验仍然是决定你是否感到幸福的关键。”他说道。
A 2009 study by Elaine Fox at the University of Essex suggested that people who carried long versions of the 5-HTT gene had a greater tendency to focus on the positives in life. The "bright side" version of the gene might bolster people's resilience to stressful events, and protect against anxiety, depression and other mental health problems.埃塞克斯大学的伊莱恩·福克斯在2009年进行的一项研究中发现，携带两个“长”5-HTT基因的人更倾向于将注意力集中在生活的乐观面。“光明面”的基因结构可能支持人们对压力事件的更具有忍耐力，同时增加对于焦虑、失望和其他心理健康问题的抵抗力。
Ed Diener, a psychologist at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and author of the 2008 book, Happiness: Unlocking the Mysteries of Psychological Wealth, said: "We are just beginning to understand the actual genetics of happiness, and how genes might influence brain hormones and other physiology that influence our well-being.
埃德·迪纳，伊利诺大学香槟分校（美国）的一名心理学家同时也是2008年《幸福的奥秘：解锁心理财富》的作者，说道：“我们刚刚开始探索遗传对幸福感的实际、基因如何影响大脑激素以及其他影响幸福感的生理机能。”
"This exciting work offers insights that one day may help us counter disorders such as depression. Parents one day might have the choice of whether to choose genes that will create a child who is more satisfied with his or her life."
“这些激动人心的工作在将来的某一天可能会帮助我们对抗例如抑郁的心理疾病。终有一天父母也能为他们的孩子选择基因，从而使孩子们在将来对生活更具满意感。”