九乡新闻网蜘蛛女皇天赋:核泄漏的健康危害有哪些
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核泄漏的健康危害有哪些正文 评论(4) 更多亚太的文章 » 
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英文字体一处损坏的核电设施会释放一定量的放射性物质，其中一些相对来说危害不大，另一些则要危险得多。
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研究辐射对公众健康影响的非营利组织“辐射与公共安全项目”（Radiation and Public Health Project）的执行理事曼加诺(Joseph Mangano)说，利用高温分裂铀的过程会产生一百多种新的化学物质。
佛罗里达州立大学的核物理学家坎倍尔（Kirby Kemper）表示，核反应堆完全熔解后，会释放一些较低毒性的放射性气体，包括氮-16、氚和氪。这些气体比重轻，会快速消散，对人类的危害不大。
氮-16迅速转变为稳定的氧。氪气很轻，进入大气后迅速消散。
氚气能量很低，半衰期为12年。当它衰变时，它以稳定的氦气形式存在。半衰期是指放射性物质的原子有半数发生衰变时所需要的时间。
熔解中产生的最危险的释放物质通过吸入、摄入或皮肤吸收进入人体。如果核反应堆的堆芯完全熔解，很多极度危险的放射性物质，如铀和其他重金属，将掉落到反应堆安全壳的底部，不会进入大气。而后需要专业的核危害处理工作人员对其进行清理。
更令人担忧的是一些释放出的颗粒状放射性化学物质，这些颗粒仅仅是沙粒大小的四分之一，它们包括碘-131、锶-90和铯-137。这些化学物质中的一些对人类极其危险，因为它们酷似人体天然所需的物质（如碘），并极易进入人体的组织。
美国环保局(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)表示，只要条件合适，放射性的碘可以在空气和水中快速消散。但碘-131则不同，它的半衰期是八天，意味着它需要数月时间才会完全消失。
美国环保局称，放射性的碘可通过摄入或吸入进入人体。它可能落在草上被牛食入，并最终通过牛奶进入人体，也可能落在带叶蔬菜上或聚集到海鱼和淡水鱼体内，被人食用。
锶-90的半衰期长达29.1年。在化学性质上它与钙相似，趋于进入人的骨骼和牙齿。
锶-90主要通过食物和水进入人体，摄入锶-90会导致骨癌（骨骼附近软组织的癌症）和白血病。
核反应堆完全熔解后，会释放出另一种危险物质铯-137。铯-137的半衰期为30年。人会通过食物和水将其摄入，或类似灰尘被人吸入。与其接触，会增加癌症的患病率。
但坎倍尔说，尽管有这些危险，切尔诺贝利(Chernobyl)的一幕不太可能在日本重演。
很多新式反应堆的堆芯，包括日本核设施使用的这些，都由钢制的反应堆安全壳密封。
Gautam Naik / Avery Johnson
Damaged Plants Could Spew Range Of Emissions正文 评论(4) 更多亚太的文章 »投稿 打印 转发 MSN推荐 博客引用 分享到新浪微博 分享到搜狐微博 转播到腾讯微博 中文字体A damaged nuclear power plant can release a range of radioactive materials: some relatively harmless, others more dangerous.
The process that splits uranium using high heat creates more than 100 new chemicals, said Joseph Mangano, executive director of nonprofit Radiation and Public Health Project, which researches the effects of radiation on public health.
In a total meltdown, several radioactive gases are released on the less-toxic end of the spectrum, including nitrogen-16, tritium and krypton. Each of these gases is light and tends to dissipate quickly, posing little danger to humans, said Kirby Kemper, a nuclear physicist at Florida State University.
Nitrogen-16 decays quickly and becomes stable oxygen. Krypton gas also is very light and would get released into the atmosphere and dissipate quickly.
Tritium gas is low-energy and has a half-life of 12 years. When it decays, it becomes a stable form of helium. Half-life is the time it takes one-half of the atoms of a radioactive material to disintegrate.
The most dangerous emissions in a meltdown enter the body through inhalation, ingestion or absorption through the skin. If the core of a nuclear reactor melts down completely, many of the extremely dangerous radioactive substances -- such as uranium and other heavy metals -- would drop to the bottom of the containment vessel and not be spewed into the air. They would have to be cleaned up by nuclear-hazard crews.
Far more worrying are several radioactive chemicals released as particles about one-quarter the size of a grain of sand. These include iodine-131, strontium-90 and cesium-137. Some of these chemicals are especially dangerous to humans because they mimic substances the body naturally uses, such as iodine, and are readily incorporated into the body's tissues.
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, radioactive iodine can disperse rapidly in air and water under the right conditions. However, iodine-131 has a short half-life of eight days, which means it will decay away completely in the environment in a matter of months.
Radioactive iodine can enter the body by ingestion or inhalation. It can settle on grass where cows might eat it and pass it to humans through their milk. It may also settle on leafy vegetables or become concentrated in marine and freshwater fish, which people will then consume, the EPA says.
Strontium-90 has a half-life of 29.1 years. Because it behaves chemically like calcium, it tends to concentrate in the bones and teeth.
Strontium-90 mainly enters the body through food and water, and its ingestion has been linked to bone cancer, cancer of the soft tissue near the bone, and leukemia.
Cesium-137, with a half-life of 30 years, is another dangerous substance emitted in a full-scale nuclear meltdown. It may be ingested with food and water, or inhaled as dust. Exposure increases the risk of cancer.
Despite these dangers, the specter of a scenario as bad as Chernobyl is unlikely in Japan, Dr. Kemper said.
The nuclear core in many newer reactors, including the ones in Japan, is enclosed by a steel containment vessel.
Gautam Naik / Avery Johnson
投稿 打印 转发 MSN推荐 博客引用 分享到新浪微博 分享到搜狐微博 转播到腾讯微博 英文字体一处损坏的核电设施会释放一定量的放射性物质，其中一些相对来说危害不大，另一些则要危险得多。相关报导
日本强震实时报道东京周一恢复上班 交通延误现象严重地震造成日本全国性生产中断亚洲各国密切观察日本核泄漏日本强震死亡人数上升日本核危机 政府可能淡化危险日本核危机 政府可能淡化危险日本遭遇核事故 试用海水冷却反应堆强震海啸之后 日本直面世纪灾难枝野幸男：福岛核反应堆可能部分熔解日本核泄漏危害不会超过切尔诺贝利事故福岛第一核电站抗震测试强度未达8.9级日本核担忧隐现 救援工作继续日本核电站事故将如何影响金融市场？记者手记：震后东京强震令日本经济雪上加霜中国愿帮助日本救灾研究辐射对公众健康影响的非营利组织“辐射与公共安全项目”（Radiation and Public Health Project）的执行理事曼加诺(Joseph Mangano)说，利用高温分裂铀的过程会产生一百多种新的化学物质。
佛罗里达州立大学的核物理学家坎倍尔（Kirby Kemper）表示，核反应堆完全熔解后，会释放一些较低毒性的放射性气体，包括氮-16、氚和氪。这些气体比重轻，会快速消散，对人类的危害不大。
氮-16迅速转变为稳定的氧。氪气很轻，进入大气后迅速消散。
氚气能量很低，半衰期为12年。当它衰变时，它以稳定的氦气形式存在。半衰期是指放射性物质的原子有半数发生衰变时所需要的时间。
熔解中产生的最危险的释放物质通过吸入、摄入或皮肤吸收进入人体。如果核反应堆的堆芯完全熔解，很多极度危险的放射性物质，如铀和其他重金属，将掉落到反应堆安全壳的底部，不会进入大气。而后需要专业的核危害处理工作人员对其进行清理。
更令人担忧的是一些释放出的颗粒状放射性化学物质，这些颗粒仅仅是沙粒大小的四分之一，它们包括碘-131、锶-90和铯-137。这些化学物质中的一些对人类极其危险，因为它们酷似人体天然所需的物质（如碘），并极易进入人体的组织。
美国环保局(U.S. Environmental Protection Agency)表示，只要条件合适，放射性的碘可以在空气和水中快速消散。但碘-131则不同，它的半衰期是八天，意味着它需要数月时间才会完全消失。
美国环保局称，放射性的碘可通过摄入或吸入进入人体。它可能落在草上被牛食入，并最终通过牛奶进入人体，也可能落在带叶蔬菜上或聚集到海鱼和淡水鱼体内，被人食用。
锶-90的半衰期长达29.1年。在化学性质上它与钙相似，趋于进入人的骨骼和牙齿。
锶-90主要通过食物和水进入人体，摄入锶-90会导致骨癌（骨骼附近软组织的癌症）和白血病。
核反应堆完全熔解后，会释放出另一种危险物质铯-137。铯-137的半衰期为30年。人会通过食物和水将其摄入，或类似灰尘被人吸入。与其接触，会增加癌症的患病率。
但坎倍尔说，尽管有这些危险，切尔诺贝利(Chernobyl)的一幕不太可能在日本重演。
很多新式反应堆的堆芯，包括日本核设施使用的这些，都由钢制的反应堆安全壳密封。
Gautam Naik / Avery Johnson
Damaged Plants Could Spew Range Of Emissions正文 评论(4) 更多亚太的文章 »
投稿 打印 转发 MSN推荐 博客引用 分享到新浪微博 分享到搜狐微博 转播到腾讯微博 中文字体A damaged nuclear power plant can release a range of radioactive materials: some relatively harmless, others more dangerous.The process that splits uranium using high heat creates more than 100 new chemicals, said Joseph Mangano, executive director of nonprofit Radiation and Public Health Project, which researches the effects of radiation on public health.
In a total meltdown, several radioactive gases are released on the less-toxic end of the spectrum, including nitrogen-16, tritium and krypton. Each of these gases is light and tends to dissipate quickly, posing little danger to humans, said Kirby Kemper, a nuclear physicist at Florida State University.
Nitrogen-16 decays quickly and becomes stable oxygen. Krypton gas also is very light and would get released into the atmosphere and dissipate quickly.
Tritium gas is low-energy and has a half-life of 12 years. When it decays, it becomes a stable form of helium. Half-life is the time it takes one-half of the atoms of a radioactive material to disintegrate.
The most dangerous emissions in a meltdown enter the body through inhalation, ingestion or absorption through the skin. If the core of a nuclear reactor melts down completely, many of the extremely dangerous radioactive substances -- such as uranium and other heavy metals -- would drop to the bottom of the containment vessel and not be spewed into the air. They would have to be cleaned up by nuclear-hazard crews.
Far more worrying are several radioactive chemicals released as particles about one-quarter the size of a grain of sand. These include iodine-131, strontium-90 and cesium-137. Some of these chemicals are especially dangerous to humans because they mimic substances the body naturally uses, such as iodine, and are readily incorporated into the body's tissues.
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, radioactive iodine can disperse rapidly in air and water under the right conditions. However, iodine-131 has a short half-life of eight days, which means it will decay away completely in the environment in a matter of months.
Radioactive iodine can enter the body by ingestion or inhalation. It can settle on grass where cows might eat it and pass it to humans through their milk. It may also settle on leafy vegetables or become concentrated in marine and freshwater fish, which people will then consume, the EPA says.
Strontium-90 has a half-life of 29.1 years. Because it behaves chemically like calcium, it tends to concentrate in the bones and teeth.
Strontium-90 mainly enters the body through food and water, and its ingestion has been linked to bone cancer, cancer of the soft tissue near the bone, and leukemia.
Cesium-137, with a half-life of 30 years, is another dangerous substance emitted in a full-scale nuclear meltdown. It may be ingested with food and water, or inhaled as dust. Exposure increases the risk of cancer.
Despite these dangers, the specter of a scenario as bad as Chernobyl is unlikely in Japan, Dr. Kemper said.
The nuclear core in many newer reactors, including the ones in Japan, is enclosed by a steel containment vessel.
Gautam Naik / Avery Johnson