英文歌bgm:二.句子语法详解

新目标九年级英语期末复习Unit3重点知识梳理

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新目标

九年级

英语

初中英语

unit3

短语归纳

句子

考试说明

语篇

总结

杂谈

Unit3 Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes.

二.句子语法详解
1.语态：
①英语有两种语态：主动语态和补动语态　
主动语态表示是动作的执行者
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者　
Cats 　eat 　fish. 　　　（主动语态）猫吃鱼。
Fish is eaten by cats.　(被动语态)鱼被猫吃。
②被动语态的构成
由“助动词be ＋及物动词的过去分词”构成
助动词be 有人称、数和时态的变化，其变化规则与be 作为连系动词时完全一样。
     时态           被动语态结构                  例句
一般现在时     am /are +过去分词            English is spoken in many countries.
一般过去时     was /were + 过去分词         This bridge was built in 1989.
情态动词 can/should/may/must +be+过去分词   The work must be done right now.
③被动语态的用法
当我们不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，或者只需强调动作的承受者时，要用被动语态。
2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事（主动语态）

如：Mother allows me to watch TV every night. 妈妈允许我每晚看电视。
be allowed to do sth. 被允许做某事（被动语态）

如：LiLy is allowed to go to Qinzhou. 莉莉被允许去钦州。

3. get their ears pierced 穿耳洞
让/使（别人）做某事　 get sth. done(过去分词)  have sth. done

如：I get my car made. == I have my car made. 我让别人修好我的车

4. enough 足够　  ① 形容词＋enough 如：beautiful enough　足够漂亮
②enough＋名词　如：enough food 足够食物

③enough to 　足够…去做…　

如：I have enough money to go to Beijing. 我有足够的钱去北京。
She is old enough to go to school.她够大去读书了。

5. stop doing sth. 停止做某事　Please stop speaking.请停止说话。
stop to do sth. 停止下来去做某事　Please stop to speak. 请停下来说话。

6. 看起来好像…sb. seem to do sth.    He seems to feel very sad.
it seems that +从句    It seems that he feels very sad. 他看起来好像很伤心。

7. 系动词不能独立作谓语，要和表语一起构成谓语。常用的连系动词有：look, feel, be, become, get, turn, smell, taste, stay(保持), kept等。连系动词除be 和become 等少数词可接名词作表语外，一般都是接形容词。　

如：They are very happy.

He became a doctor two years ago.

She felt very tired.

8. 倒装句:

①So + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为肯定句)  表示与前面所述事实一致.

②Neither/Nor + be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语(前为否定)  表示与前面所述事实一致.

例: He likes oranges. So do we.  

He doesn’t like oranges. Neither do we.

Tom can swim. So can John.       

Tom can’t swim. Neither can John.

③So +主语+ be动词/助动词/情态动词  表示对前面事实的进一步确认.

例: Henry is very tired. So he is.(的确是)

   He surfed Internet for two hours. So he did.(的确是)

   They will win the game. So they will.(他们会的)

9. yet 仍然，还　常用在否定句或疑问句当中

10. stay up 熬夜斟字酌 如：I often stay up until 12:00pm.我经常熬夜到12点。

11. clean up 打扫　整理　如：I have cleaned up the bedroom. 我已经打扫完了卧室。

12. 程度副词：always总是  usually经常  sometimes有时  never从不

如：I am always/usually/sometimes/never late for school.

我总是/经常/有时/从不上学迟到。

13. 曾经做某事：　
Do you ever get to school late? Yes, I do. No, I don’t.
Have you ever got to school late? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t.

14. go shopping(去购物), go fishing(去钓鱼), go swimming(去游泳), go boating(去划船), go hiking(去登山), go trekking(去徒步)

15. be strict with sb. 对某人严厉　   be strict in sth. 对某事要求严格

例: The head teacher is strict with his students。  He is strict in the work.

16.take the test 参加考试
pass the test 通过考试
fail a test = fail in a test 考试不及格

17. the other day 前几天，不久前的一天.(用于过去时)

18. agree 同意　反义词 disagree不同意 动词
agreement 同意　反义词 disagreement 不同意　名词

19. keep sb/ sth. ＋形容词　使某人/某物保持….　如：
We should keep our city clean.我们应该保持我们的城市干净。

20. both…and…　+动词复数形式
如： Both Jim and Li Ming play bastketball.

21. learn (sth.) from sb. 向谁学习(什么) 如：
Jim learnt English from his English teacher. 吉姆向他的英语老师学习英语

21.①chance 指侥幸的,偶尔的机会,还可表示“可能性”

 have a chance of doing sth. 有机会做某事

②opportunity 指有利的时机,良机.   二者有时可以互换.

have an opportunity to do sth. 有机会做某事
例：I have an opportunity to go to Beijing.

I have a chance of going to Beijing.

Don’t be too frustrated. You’ll have another opportunity to go to college next year.  别太沮丧了,你还有上大学的机会.
22. 花费 take ,cost, spend , pay
①sth. take (sb.) time to do sth.  如：It took (me) 10days to read the book.
②sth. cost (sb.) ……   如：The book cost (me) 100yuan.
③sb. spend … on sth.   如：She spent 10days on this book.
④sb. spend …doing sth. 如：She spent 10days reading this book.
⑤sb. pay … for sth.  如：She paid 10yuan for this book.

22. have +时间段+off 放假，休息 如：have 2 days off
23. reply to 答复某人 如：She replayed to Mr Green.
24. agree with sth. 同意某事 如：I agree with that idea.
agree to sb. 同意某人的意见 如：I agree to LiLei.
25. get in the way of 碍事，妨碍

如： Her social life got in the way of her studies. 她的社会生活妨碍了她的学习。
26. success n. succeed v. successful adj. successfully adv.
27. think about 与think of 的区别
①当两者译为：认为、想起、记着时，两者可互用
I often think about/ of that day. 我经常想起那天。
②think about 还有“考虑”之意，think of 想到、想出时两者不能互用
At last, he thought of a good idea. 最后他想出了一个好主意。
We are thinking about going Qinzhou. 我们正在考虑去钦州。
28. 对… 热衷，对…兴趣
be serious about doing 如：She is serious about dancing. 她对跳舞热衷。
be serious about sth. 如：She is serious about him. 她对他感兴趣。
29. practice doing 练习做某事
She often practice speaking English.
30. care about sb. 关心某人 如：Mother often care about her son.
31. also 也 用于句中//either也 用于否定句且用于句末//too 也 用于肯定句且用于句末
I am also a student. 我也是一个学生
I am a student too. 我也是一个学生。
I am not a student either. 我也不是一个学生。
32.concentrate on…  全神贯注做…

例: This company concentrates on China market. 这家公司把重点放在中国市场上.

33. volunteer ① n. 自愿者. ② v. volunteer to do sth. 自愿做…

例: We all volunteered to help in the old people’s home.我们都志愿到敬老院帮忙.      

34.experience

①可数名词“经历,体验” 例:Please tell us something about your experiences.

②不可数名词 “经验”   例: He is a man of rich experience.

③动词“经历”        例: She experienced lots of suffering.

35. do  does  did 用在另一个动词前表示强调.

例: He does speak well. 他真的讲的很好.     Do be quiet. 务必安

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