ORACLE常用命令大全

连接数据库
C:>SQLPLUS /NOLOG

SQL>CONN / AS SYSDBA

1.Oracle 关闭
SQL>SHUTDOWN (ABORT|IMMEDIATE|NORMAL)

2.Oracle 启动
SQL>STARTUP (REMOUNT|MOUNT|OPENT)

3.SQL> HELP SHOW

SHOW
----

Shows the value of a SQL*Plus system variable, or the
current SQL*Plus environment.

SHO[W] option

where option represents one of the following terms or clauses:
     system_variable
     ALL
     BTI[TLE]
     ERR[ORS] [{FUNCTION | PROCEDURE | PACKAGE | PACKAGE BODY | TRIGGER
        | VIEW | TYPE | TYPE BODY | DIMENSION | JAVA CLASS} [schema.]name]
     LNO
     PARAMETERS [parameter_name]
     PNO
     REL[EASE]
     REPF[OOTER]
     REPH[EADER]
     SGA
     SPOO[L]
     SQLCODE
     TT[ITLE]
     USER

SHOW SPOOL is not available in iSQL*Plus

4.TNSPING
TNS连接问题检测
TNSNAME.ORA


5.执行SQL Script
SQL>@C:\RUN.SQL


6.查看执行结果（开启/关闭）
SQL>SET ECHO ON(OFF)

7.常用配置
SQL>SET LINESIZE 1000
SQL>ECHO ON
SQL>SET TIMING ON
SQL>SPOOL C:\TEST.LOG
SQL>SELECT * FROM XXXXX
SQL>SPOOL OFF

8.授权
建立连接 GRANT CREATE SESSION TO USERNAME
移除连接 REVOKE CREATE SESSION TO USERNAME
其他授权
GRANT SELECT,INSERT,DELETE,UPDATE ON SCOTT.EMP TO USERNAME
确认更改
SQL>COMMIT

9.更改密码
Alter user username identified by password

10.察看Datafile
SQL>SELECT * FROM V$DATAFILE

11察看结构
SQL>DESC V$DATAFILE

12,察看DB File
SQL>SELECT * FROM V$DBFILE

13.察看Tablespace
SQL>SELECT * FROM V$TABLESPACE

14.察看SGA大小
SQL> SHOW PARAMETER SGA

15.更改 SGA大小，
SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SET SHARED_POOL_SIZE=..M

16.察看CONTROLFILE
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$CONTROLFILE

17察看REDO LOG
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$CONTROLFILE

18.察看所有的用户
SQL> SELECT USERNAME FROM DBA_USERS

19.在Offline状态下搬迁数据库文件
关闭数据库
SQL>SHUTDOWN IMMEDIATE
搬迁数据文件
连接数据库
SQL>CONN / AS SYSDBA
SQL>STARTUP MOUNT
SQL>Alter database rename file ‘e:\.......’ to ‘c:\.......’
SQL>ALTER DATABASE OPEN
SQL>SHUTDOWN
删除旧的数据文件

20.更改ONLINE REDO LOG
SQL>ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

================================================================================================================
检查数据库连通
C:\DOCUMENTS AND SETTINGS\YINGLINHAI> TNSPING

数据库侦听
C:\DOCUMENTS AND SETTINGS\YINGLINHAI> lsnrctl

查看SID
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$INSTANCE;
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$DATABASE;

SQL> / 执行上个操作命令
SQL> EDIT读取命令缓存区

查看语言配置
SQL> show parameters nls
SQL> select * from V$NLS_PARAMETERS

查看启动参数文件
SQL> show parameters spfile;

查看数据块配置大小
SQL> show parameters db;

查看ORACLE版本
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$VERSION

显示所有组建版本
SQL> select * from product_component_version;

配置输出日志
SQL> spool c:\testora.log
SQL> spool off

切换归档日志
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM ARCHIVE LOG CURRENT;
SQL> ALTER SYSTEM SWITCH LOGFILE;

查看数据库对象结构
SQL> desc v$dbfile

查看Datafile
SQL>SELECT * FROM V$DBFILE;
SQL>SELECT * FROM V$DATAFILE;

查看所有的用户
SQL> SELECT USERNAME FROM DBA_USERS

查看控制文件
SQL> select * from v$controlfile;

设置输出的行宽
SQL> set linesize 20000

查看REDOLOG文件
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$LOGFILE;

查看表空间
SQL> SELECT * FROM V$tablespace;

手动删除归档日志后，同步CATALOG
SQL>CROSSCHECK ARCHIVELOG ALL
SQL>CHANGE ARCHIVELOG ALL CROSSCHECK