:中考重点知识讲解--动词的延续性问题

中考重点知识讲解--动词的延续性问题

中考重点知识讲解--动词的延续性问题

    我们首先要了解什么是延续性动词，什么是非延续性动词（也叫短暂性动词）。

    延续性动词：动词所表示的动作可以延续一段时间（几分钟/小时/年），如live、keep等，它可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用(这样的时间状语经常用since或for引导，可以用how long对它进行提问)。

   非延续性动词：动词所表示的动作一发生即结束，不能延续，如stop、begin、borrow等，它不可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用；另外它也不能和进行时连用，表示动作正在发生，而且有持续的过程，如果这样的动词和进行时连用，往往表示的是即将进行的意思。

在中考里，往往这样考查同学们对这个概念是否理解：

一、till/until的用法中涉及的动词延续性问题：

如果一个句子的时间状语由till/until引导，那么它的谓语动词如果是延续性动词就必须用肯定形式；如果它的谓语动词是非延续性动词就必须用否定形式。

例如：He didn’t leave until/till he finished his homework.  他完成家庭作业才离开。

（在这个句子里leave 为非延续性动词，所以用了否定形式）

He waited for the girl till it was late.  他等那个女孩一直到很晚的时候。

（在这个句子里wait为延续性动词，所以用了肯定形式）

二、完成时态里涉及的动词延续性问题：

很多同学在初学完成时态的时候都不能正确地翻译这样的句子，例如：他买这辆车已经两年了。很多同学会把它翻译成：He has bought this car for two years. 在这个句子里，动词buy是非延续性动词，而时间状语表示的是一段时间，所以把它们联系起来显然是不恰当的。正确的说法是：He has had this car for two years.

并不是非延续性动词不能用于完成时态，而只是在时间状语表示的是一段时间的时候，动词只能为延续性动词。比如：The film had begun when he got to the cinema. （当他到达电影院的时候电影已经开始了。）这样的说法没有什么问题，但是“The film had begun for ten minutes when he got to the cinema. ”（当他到达电影院的时候电影已经开始十分钟了。）就不正确，因为十分钟表示的是一段时间，而begin不能延续，所以应该把这个句子改成：The film had been on for ten minutes when he got to the cinema.

三、“how long”短语涉及的动词延续性问题：

“how long”是对一段时间的长短提问，所以和它连用的动词必须是延续性动词。如“这本书我能借多长时间？”不能说成：How long can I borrow this book? 而应该说成：How long can I keep this book?

    某些非延续性动词如果要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，往往要进行改变，对此我作了简单的小结，请大家牢记：

（前面为短暂，后面为延续）

2.买 buy: have

3.死 die: be dead

4.走/离开go/leave: be away

5.参军 join the army: be in the army/be a soldier

6.入党 join the Party: be in the party/be a Party member

7.开始放映/展出 begin: be on

8.交朋友 make friends with sb: be friends

9.结婚marry: be married

10.开放/营业 open: be open

11.关闭/停业 close: be closed

……

中考试题练习（答案为画线部分）

1. ----How long may I _____ the book?

---- For two weeks.

A. borrow     B. lend     C. keep     D. buy

2. ----I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.

  ---- Oh, not at all. I _______ here for only a few minutes.

A. have been     B. had been      C. was      D. will be

3. ----______ you _____ China for a long time?

  ---- Yes, I came here three years ago.

   A. Have; come to   B. Did; come to   C. Have; been in

4. --How long _____ you _____ here?

-- For about two years so far.

   A. have; studied     B. did; live   C. do; stay   D. were; swimming

5. Jack has _____ for a week.

   A. had cold  B. had a cold   C. got a cold  D. caught a cold

6. When we hurried to the theatre (剧院), the concert ____ for five minutes.

  A. had been on  B. had begun   C. had begun on  D. began

7.  –When did you join the League ?

    -- Last year. I ____ a league member for one year.

    A. was  B.  became   C. have been

8. I ______ this book for two weeks. I have to return it now.

   A.borrowed   B.have borrowed  C.kept  D.have kept

9. Anna, could you lend me this book, please?

   I’m sorry, but I _______ it for only two days. I haven’t finished it yet.

   A. have bought    B. have had    C. bought    D. had

10. The students are sorry to hear that the famous singer ______ for half an hour.

   A. has left          B. has gone   C. has been away    D. has gone away

11. ---How long have you ________ the motorbike?

---For about two weeks.

   A. bought     B. had    C. borrowed  D. lent

12. A: How long can I ______ the magazine?

   B: For two weeks.

A. borrow    B. lend   C. return   D. keep

13. Jeff borrowed a history book from his friend. He _______it for a week.

 A. has borrowed   B. has lent   C. has kept   D. lend

14. Is your father a Party member?

   Yes, he _____the Party three years ago. He ______a Party member for three years.

   A. joined, has been    B. has joined, has been  C. was joined, is      D. joined, was

15. _____your sister ____ in Greener China for a long time?

   Yes. She joined it five years ago.

   A. Has; been          B. Have; been    C. Has; joined         D. have; joined

16. Dongdong has _____ Greener China for two months.

   A. joined           B. taken part in    C. been       D. been a member of

17. ---How long may I _____ the dictionary?

   ---For half a year.

   A. take    B. keep   C. borrow    D. lend

18. We won’t wait for you ______ you come here on time.

   A. if    B. unless     C. when    D. till

19. ---It’s 9 o’clock now. I must go.

  --- It’s raining outside. Don’t leave _________ it stops.

    A. when    B. since      C. while     D. until

20. The dinner didn’t start _____all the friends arrived.

   A. when    B. while     C. until     D. whether