衡山派武术:[延续性动词]

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浅谈终止性动词和延续性动词
延续性动词: live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke
瞬间性动词:
open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,begin,start enter,finish
1、终止性动词:表示不能延续的动作,即动作发生后立即结束。如:begin,arrive,borrow,buy,break,close,come,fall,dic,finish,go,leave,lend,mary,reach,receive,open,sell,start,stop等。
  终止性动词的肯定式是不能持续的,所以不能和表示一段时间的状语连用,而终止性的否定式就可以和表一段时间的状语连用,因为否定本身就是可以延续的。
  如:have a cold是持续性动词,表示“状态”,可与表延续性的时间状语连用,不定冠词不能省略。
  I′ve had a cold since my arrival(到达 n.).
  I didn′t go to school because I had had a bad cold for days.
  catch a cold是短暂性动作,表“动态”:它不能和延续性时间状语连用,不定冠词“a”可有可无,catch可用take,get代替。
  Put on your coat,or you′ll catch/take/get a cold.
  Take care not to get cold.
  但是,若cold前有形容词修饰时,则不定冠词不能省。
  如:Brown has taken a slight cold.
  注意下列句子:
  I have caught a cold for over a week.(×)
  I have had a cold for over a week.(\(^o^)/YES!)
  2、延续性动词:表示可以延续一段时间的动作或状态。如:be,drink,fly,eat,keep,lie,live,rain等。
  延续性动词常不能和表示一个短暂具体的时间状语连用;这类动词如用于进行时态,则可以和表示一个短暂具体的时刻连用。
  He worked at eight yesterday afternoon.(×)
  He was working at eight yesterday afternoon.(\(^o^)/YES!)
  3、代替终止性动词的方法
  a)用延续性动词代替终止性动词
  1、用have代替buy
  My brother has had(不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years.
  2、用keep或have代替borrow
  I have kept(不能用have borrowed) the book for quite a few days.
  3、用be替代become
  How long has your sister been a teacher?
  4、用have a cold代替catch a cold
  Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday.
5、用wear代替put on
  b)用“be+形容词”代终止性动词
  1、be+married代marry       2、be+ill代fall (get) ill
  3、be+dead代die            4、be+asleep代fall (get) asleep
  5、be+awake代wake/wake up  6、be+gone代lose,die,sell,leave
  7、be+open代open           8、be closed代close/shut
  9、be+missing(gone,lost)代lose
  c)用“be+副词”代终止性动词
  1“be+on”代start,begin 
2“be+up”代get up 
3“be+back(to)”代return to,come back to,go back to
4“be here (there)”代come(arrive,reach,get) here或go (arrive,reach,get) there等等
d)用“be+介词短语”代终止性动词
1.“be in/at +地点”代替go to /come to
2.用be in the army 代替join the army
3.“be in/at +地点”代替move to