鼻涕果孕妇可以吃吗:英语句子成分分析

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英语句子成分分析菜鸟自学版(小学生也能看懂的语法讲义) 22010-05-04 08:30

五种基本句型之
主语＋谓语＋宾语
此句型是由三部分组成，主语、谓语、宾语。（想想看，该谓语动词应该是及物动词还是不及物动词）这三种成分在上面都已经讲过。这里要对宾语作进一步的补充说明，大家知道，宾语主要是由名词和代词充当的，其实，作宾语常见的还有：动词不定式（to do ）\动名词（doing ）,比如：He wanted to go home ( to go home 作want 的宾语；He likes listening to music ( listening to music 作like 的宾语。
需要注意的是：动词后面接名词或代词作宾语对所有及物动词都行得通的，但并不是所有的及物动词后面都可以接动词不定式或动名词。这里有三种情况：其一、有些动词后面只可以接动词不定式，其二、有些动词后面只可以接动名词，其三、有些动词两者都可以接,记忆这些单词的用法的秘诀如下：
秘诀之一：下面的动词后面只可以接动名词，一句话要决记之：
“megafeps”(霉咖啡不吃)
mind（介意）、miss（错过）、enjoy（喜欢）、give up（放弃）、admit（承认）、avoid（避免）、finish（完成）、escape（逃脱）、practise（练习）、suggest(建议)
秘诀之二：下面的动词后面只可以接动词不定式,一句话要诀记之：
“要想干，同意办，愿意不愿意，决定尽量干。”
A.要求，想要，希望(want、wish、hope、expect、intend、mean)
B.同意(agree、promise)
C.意愿(care、hate、refuse)
D.决定，企图(determine、decide、offer、attempt、try、manage)秘诀之三：下面的动词既可以跟动名词又可跟动词不定式
begin to do something\doing something
start to do something\doing something
continue to do something\doing something
forget to do something\doing something
remember to do something\doing something
regret to do something\doing something
like to do something\doing something
love to do something\doing something
hate to do something\doing something
try to do something\doing something
mean. To do something\doing something

【练习三
一判断下列句子是主谓结构还是主谓宾结构，如果是主谓宾结构请指出是由什么充当的宾语（名词、代词、动词不定式、doing 等等）
1 He arrived yesterday.
2 The boy is crying loudly.
3 She died in 2000.
4 The man disappeared in the street.
5 I like music.
6 She wanted some help
7 I slept well last night.
8 Iom built a house last year.
9 I bought a computer in the street yesterday
10 .Tom often swims in the river
11 .My sister works in that factory.
12 .The sun is rising.
13 .They know him.
14 .He enjoys listening to music.
15 .My watch has stopped.
16 .It is snowing hard.
17 .My grandma coughed all night.
18 .She was cooking.
19 .I found a box under the bed.
20 .Kate described the picture.
21 .I hate to go there.
22 .He remembered telling you.
23 .His aunt will come.
24 .The farmer works very hard.
25 .The flowers need watering.
26 .We usually watch TV on Saturday evening.
27 .She has cleaned the room.
28 .He liked collecting stamps.
29 .Both of them work in the school library.
30 .Kate is running fast.
31 .The ship moves slowly
32 .He wanted two boxes watches.
33 .I read every book in the school library.
34 .You can understand me.
35 .We can watch TV.
36 .The children are reading carefully.
37 .Mr. Smith speaks very fast.
38 .The train has arrived.
39 .They won’t come today.
40 .You mustn’t talk loud
41 .You will close the door.
42 .She decided to wait.
43 .I met one of my friends in Beijing.
44 .He passed the exam last year.
45 .China has a large population.
46 .He knows a little English.
47 .I have received your letter.
48 .The students answered the questions.
49 .He is beginning a new life.
50 .He learned to ride a bike yesterday.
51 .Have you finished writing?
52 .I suggest trying it once more.
53 .I want to go to college.
54 .She often dances in the park.
55 .Kate often studies at school at night.
二、判断上面的句子是否有状语，如果有，请指出做什么状语.

练习三答案
1 He arrived yesterday.
他昨天到达。主谓结构。时间状语 yesterday
2 The boy is crying loudly.
那个男孩正在大声的哭。主谓结构。状语loudly
3 She died in 2000.
她死于2000年主谓结构。状语介词短语in 2000
4 The man disappeared in the street.
那个人在街上消失了。主谓结构。介词短语in the street 做状语
5 I like music.
我喜欢音乐。主谓宾。名词muisc做宾语
6 She wanted some help
她需要一些帮助。主谓宾。名词短语some help做宾语
7 I slept well last night.
昨天晚上我睡的很好。主谓。副词well last night做状语
8 I built a house last year.
去年我建了所房子。主谓宾。A house 做宾语
9 I bought a computer in the street yesterday
昨天我在街上买了台电脑。主谓宾。A computer做宾语。In the street yesterday 做状语
10 Tom often swims in the river
汤姆常常在河里面游泳。主谓。介词短语in the river做状语
11 My sister works in that factory.
我的姐姐在那个工厂工作。主谓。介词短语in that factory做状语
12 The sun is rising.
太阳正在升起。主谓。
13 They know him.
他们知道他。主谓宾。代词him做宾语
14 He enjoys listening to music.
他喜欢听音乐。主谓宾。动名词短语listening to music做宾语
15 My watch has stopped.
我的表已经停了。主谓。
16 It is snowing hard.
雪下得正紧。主谓，副词hard做状语
17 My grandma coughed all night.
我的奶奶咳嗽了整个晚上。主谓，时间副词all night做状语
18 She was cooking.
她正在做饭。主谓
19 I found a box just now .
刚才我找到一个盒子。主谓宾，名词a box做宾语，just now做状语
20 Kate described the picture.
凯特描述了那些图片。主谓宾，名词the picture做宾语
21 I hate to go there.
我讨厌去那里。主谓宾，不定式to go there做宾语
22 He remembered telling you.
他记得告诉过你。主谓宾，动名词短语telling you做宾语
23 His aunt will come.
他姨将会来。主谓
24 The farmer works very hard.
那个农民工作的很努力。主谓，副词短语very hard做状语
25 The flowers need watering.
那些花需要浇了。主谓宾，动名词watering做宾语
26 We usually watch TV on Saturday evening.
我们通常在星期六晚上看电视。主谓宾，名词TV做宾语，介宾短语on Saturday evening做状语
27 She has cleaned the room.
她已经打扫了那个房间。主谓宾，名词the room做宾语
28 He liked collecting stamps.
29 他喜欢集邮。主谓宾，名词短语collecting stamps做宾语
30 Both of them work in the school library.
他们两个人都在学校图书馆工作。主谓宾。介词短语in the school library做宾语
31 Kate is running fast.
凯特正跑得快。主谓。副词做fast状语
32 The ship moves slowly.
轮船在慢慢移动。主谓。副词做slowly状语

33 He wanted two boxes of watches.
他要了两盒的火柴。主谓宾，名词性短语two boxes of watches做宾语
34 I read every book in the school library.
我在图书馆读了每本书/我读了图书馆里的每本书。主谓宾，名词every book做宾语，介词短语in the school library做状语/介词短语in the school library做后置定语
35 You can understand me.
你能够理解我。主谓宾，代词me做宾语
36 We can watch TV.
我们能够看电视。主谓宾，名词TV做宾语
37 The children are reading carefully.
孩子们正在看专心读书。主谓，副词carefully作状语
38 Mr. Smith speaks very fast.
司密斯先生说话说的很快。主谓，副词短语very fast作状语
39 The train has arrived.
那趟火车已经到达。主谓
40 They won’t come today.
他们今天不会来了。主谓，today作状语
41 You mustn’t talk loud
你不能大声说话。主谓，副词loud作状语
42 You will close the door.
你要把门关住。主谓宾，名词the door做宾语
43 She decided to wait.
她决定去等待。主谓宾，不定式短语to wait做宾语
44 I met one of my friends in Beijing.
我在北京遇到了我的一个朋友。主谓宾，名词性短语one of my friends做宾语，in Beijing做地点状语
45 He passed the exam last year.
去年他通过了考试。主谓宾，名词the exam做宾语，last year做时间状语
46 China has a large population.
中国有着众多的人口。主谓宾，名词短语a large population做宾语
47 He knows a little English.
他懂得一些英语。主谓宾，名词短语a little English做宾语
48 I have received your letter.
我已经收到你的来信。主谓宾，名词短语your letter做宾语
49 The students answered the questions.
那些学生回答了那些问题。主谓宾，名词the questions做宾语
50 He is beginning a new life.
他开始了一种新的生活。主谓宾，名词短语a new life做宾语
51 He learned to ride a bike yesterday.
昨天他学骑自行车。主谓宾，不定式to ride a bike做宾语，yesterday时间状语
52 Have you finished writing?
你完成你的写作了吗？一般疑问句式，主谓宾，动名词writing做宾语
53 I suggest trying it once more.
我建议再试一下。主谓宾，动名词短语trying it做宾语，once more状语
54 I want to go to college.
我要去上大学。主谓宾，不定式短语to go to college做宾语
55 She often dances in the park.
她常常在公园跳舞。主谓，in the park，often都做状语

练习三答案

1 He arrived yesterday.
他昨天到达。主谓结构。时间状语 yesterday
2 The boy is crying loudly.
那个男孩正在大声的哭。主谓结构。状语loudly
3 She died in 2000.
她死于2000年主谓结构。状语介词短语in 2000
4 The man disappeared in the street.
那个人在街上消失了。主谓结构。介词短语in the street 做状语
5 I like music.
我喜欢音乐。主谓宾。名词muisc做宾语
6 She wanted some help
她需要一些帮助。主谓宾。名词短语some help做宾语
7 I slept well last night.
昨天晚上我睡的很好。主谓。副词well last night做状语
8 I built a house last year.
去年我建了所房子。主谓宾。A house 做宾语
9 I bought a computer in the street yesterday
昨天我在街上买了台电脑。主谓宾。A computer做宾语。In the street yesterday 做状语
10 Tom often swims in the river
汤姆常常在河里面游泳。主谓。介词短语in the river做状语
11 My sister works in that factory.
我的姐姐在那个工厂工作。主谓。介词短语in that factory做状语
12 The sun is rising.
太阳正在升起。主谓。
13 They know him.
他们知道他。主谓宾。代词him做宾语
14 He enjoys listening to music.
他喜欢听音乐。主谓宾。动名词短语listening to music做宾语
15 My watch has stopped.
我的表已经停了。主谓。
16 It is snowing hard.
雪下得正紧。主谓，副词hard做状语
17 My grandma coughed all night.
我的奶奶咳嗽了整个晚上。主谓，时间副词all night做状语
18 She was cooking.
她正在做饭。主谓
19 I found a box just now .
刚才我找到一个盒子。主谓宾，名词a box做宾语，just now做状语
20 Kate described the picture.
凯特描述了那些图片。主谓宾，名词the picture做宾语
21 I hate to go there.
我讨厌去那里。主谓宾，不定式to go there做宾语
22 He remembered telling you.
他记得告诉过你。主谓宾，动名词短语telling you做宾语
23 His aunt will come.
他姨将会来。主谓
24 The farmer works very hard.
那个农民工作的很努力。主谓，副词短语very hard做状语
25 The flowers need watering.
那些花需要浇了。主谓宾，动名词watering做宾语
26 We usually watch TV on Saturday evening.
我们通常在星期六晚上看电视。主谓宾，名词TV做宾语，介宾短语on Saturday evening做状语
27 She has cleaned the room.
她已经打扫了那个房间。主谓宾，名词the room做宾语
28 He liked collecting stamps.
29 他喜欢集邮。主谓宾，名词短语collecting stamps做宾语
30 Both of them work in the school library.
他们两个人都在学校图书馆工作。主谓宾。介词短语in the school library做宾语
31 Kate is running fast.
凯特正跑得快。主谓。副词做fast状语
32 The ship moves slowly.
轮船在慢慢移动。主谓。副词做slowly状语

练习三答案

1 He arrived yesterday.
他昨天到达。主谓结构。时间状语 yesterday
2 The boy is crying loudly.
那个男孩正在大声的哭。主谓结构。状语loudly
3 She died in 2000.
她死于2000年主谓结构。状语介词短语in 2000
4 The man disappeared in the street.
那个人在街上消失了。主谓结构。介词短语in the street 做状语
5 I like music.
我喜欢音乐。主谓宾。名词muisc做宾语
6 She wanted some help
她需要一些帮助。主谓宾。名词短语some help做宾语
7 I slept well last night.
昨天晚上我睡的很好。主谓。副词well last night做状语
8 I built a house last year.
去年我建了所房子。主谓宾。A house 做宾语
9 I bought a computer in the street yesterday
昨天我在街上买了台电脑。主谓宾。A computer做宾语。In the street yesterday 做状语
10 Tom often swims in the river
汤姆常常在河里面游泳。主谓。介词短语in the river做状语
11 My sister works in that factory.
我的姐姐在那个工厂工作。主谓。介词短语in that factory做状语
12 The sun is rising.
太阳正在升起。主谓。
13 They know him.
他们知道他。主谓宾。代词him做宾语
14 He enjoys listening to music.
他喜欢听音乐。主谓宾。动名词短语listening to music做宾语
15 My watch has stopped.
我的表已经停了。主谓。
16 It is snowing hard.
雪下得正紧。主谓，副词hard做状语
17 My grandma coughed all night.
我的奶奶咳嗽了整个晚上。主谓，时间副词all night做状语
18 She was cooking.
她正在做饭。主谓
19 I found a box just now .
刚才我找到一个盒子。主谓宾，名词a box做宾语，just now做状语
20 Kate described the picture.
凯特描述了那些图片。主谓宾，名词the picture做宾语
21 I hate to go there.
我讨厌去那里。主谓宾，不定式to go there做宾语
22 He remembered telling you.
他记得告诉过你。主谓宾，动名词短语telling you做宾语
23 His aunt will come.
他姨将会来。主谓
24 The farmer works very hard.
那个农民工作的很努力。主谓，副词短语very hard做状语
25 The flowers need watering.
那些花需要浇了。主谓宾，动名词watering做宾语
26 We usually watch TV on Saturday evening.
我们通常在星期六晚上看电视。主谓宾，名词TV做宾语，介宾短语on Saturday evening做状语
27 She has cleaned the room.
她已经打扫了那个房间。主谓宾，名词the room做宾语
28 He liked collecting stamps.
29 他喜欢集邮。主谓宾，名词短语collecting stamps做宾语
30 Both of them work in the school library.
他们两个人都在学校图书馆工作。主谓宾。介词短语in the school library做宾语
31 Kate is running fast.
凯特正跑得快。主谓。副词做fast状语
32 The ship moves slowly.
轮船在慢慢移动。主谓。副词做slowly状语

mean to 好像是我故意，有意要这么做
mean to 是有这个含义 ,但更常见的意思是打算做某事

五种基本句型之
主语＋谓语＋宾语（somebody）＋宾语(something)
这个句型比上面的句型多了个宾语，谓语后面已经是两个宾语了，那么谓语动词是及物动词是必定无疑了。这两个宾语放在一起叫双宾语（直接宾语+直接宾语），例如
Lend me your dictionary ,please. 如果你还是搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得明白一点,双就是两个的意思.。
此句型的关键是记住哪些动词后面要接双宾语，因为并不是所有的及物动词后面都可以接宾语的，只有少数的动词。此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语：前一个宾语称为"间接宾语"，多由代词或名词充当；后一个宾语称为"直接宾语"，往往由名词充当。这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。（所有能带双宾语的动词含义的内核含有一个“给”字。常见的这类谓语动词有：
give(给某人……),
bring(带给某人……), bring somebody something
tell(告诉某人……), tell somebody something
send(送给某人……), send somebody something
leave(留给某人……), leave somebody something
pass(递给某人……), pass somebody something
read(给某人读……), read somebody something
write(给某人写……), write somebody something
take(给某人拿……), take somebody something
show(给某人看……), show somebody something
teach(教给某人……), teach somebody something
get(给某人弄到……), get somebody something
lend(借给某人……), lend somebody something
buy(给某人买……), buy somebody something
pay(支付给某人……), pay somebody something
hand(递给某人……) 。hand somebody something
（注：上面各词的中文释义是刻意按照该词的常用动词句型而给的，以便于大家更好地理解该词出现于哪个基本句型中。）
例如：
She brought me a shirt .她给我带来一件衬衣。
Pass him the dictionary, please.请将词典递给他。
I lend him my bicycle.我把自行车借给他了。

五种基本句型之
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语
这个句型在有的语法书上又叫做主语＋谓语＋复合宾语，这里的复合宾语=宾语＋宾语补足语，这里又新增加一个“东东”：宾语补足语。
说起宾语补足语来，我们先从初中你熟悉的三个句型说起：ask somebody to do something
（邀请某人做某事）
tell somebody to do something
（告诉某人做某事）
want somebody to do something
（要求某人做某事）
你不会告诉我，这三个句型那里熟悉呀，根本没见过，那我只能说,你的英语不是一般的“菜”，上过三年初中，不知道这三位“赫赫有名”的短语，你该是恶补英语的时候了，闲话少说，我们再看由这三个句型构成的例句：
1、 I asked him to have dinner.
谓语宾语宾语补足语
2、 He told me to clean the room.
谓语宾语宾语补足语
3、 Tom wanted me to meet him .
谓语宾语宾语补足语
我们看第一个句子，我邀请他吃饭，他（him）是作邀请（asked）的宾语，如果后面没有to have dinner ，句子意思就不完整，我邀请他，干什么呢？没说清楚，于是就有 to have dinner 来帮助说清楚，是吃饭的，在这里的to have dinner 就是宾语补足语，这是动词不定式短语作宾补。（你又在疑惑什么是动词不定式短语呢？大家知道，to do 是动词不定式，但是如果动词不定式中的动词带有宾语或者动词不定式中的动词有副词来修饰，这时的动词不定式就成为不定式短语了。比如 to do something 就是动词不定式短语，换句话说：这里 to have(动词不定式) to have dinner（动词不定式短语）。又比如：to run是动词不定式to run fast 是动词不定式短语）。
上面的三个句子都是不定式短语作宾语不足语来帮助宾语来补充说明，那么除了动词不定式（短语）作宾补之外，还有什么可以作宾补呢？
实际上，能够作宾补的有很多，我们这里只学习几种常见的： doing \不带to的动词不定式\介词短语\形容词等等。请看下面的例句，注意观察划线的部分是有什么作的宾语补足语。：
1、I saw a thief stealing something.
(我看到一个贼正在偷东西)
2、He made me go home (他让我回家)
3、Her mother kept her in the room .
(她的妈妈让她待在房间里)
此句型的关键是记住那些动词后面是跟什么样的宾补。比如：我们可以说 ask somebody to do something (to do something 作宾补)我们就不能说 ask somebody doing something 换句话说，到底是跟动词不定式作宾补还是doing 作宾补是某些动词的“专利权”，不可侵犯。
下面我给你们想办法记住动词后面是跟什么样的宾补：
首先，哪些动词后面是跟带to的动词不定式（动词不定式可以分为带to的动词不定式和不带to的不定式两种，不带to的不定式实际上就是动词原形）作宾补的。
主要有：order somebody to do something
want somebody to do something
tell somebody to do something
invite somebody to do something
ask somebody to do something
beg somebody to do something
(注意上面的有六个单词可以跟动词不定式作宾补，我们可以按照语气的强弱来记忆这几个单词：命令＞要求＞告诉＞邀请＞请求＞乞求)
此外，还有 advise somebody to do something
allow somebody to do something
warn somebody to do something
teach somebody to do something
其次，哪些动词后面可以跟不带to的动词不定式作宾补的，我们可以用下面一句话来帮助你记忆：
一感二听三让五看半帮助
这里:一感（feel）二听（hear\listen to ）三让（let \make\have）五看（see\watch\notice\observe\look at）半帮助（help）.
即： feel
hear
listen to
let
make
leave somebody do sth
see
watch
notice
observe
look at
help
上面这些词都是用于动词后面可以跟不带to的动词不定式，应熟记之。
最后，哪些动词后面是跟doing作宾补的，我们仍然可以借助上面的句子来记忆，上面的单词中除了三让（have\let\make）半帮助（help）不能跟dong作宾补之外，其它都是可以的。（即：一感二听五看，实际上它们都属于感官动词）

练习四
一判断下列句子是主谓+双宾语结构还是主谓+复合宾语，如果是主谓+复合宾语，请指出复合宾语是由什么充当的。
1. I watch the boy playing foot ball.
2. My good friend told me a story
3. Tom lent me a pencil.
4. LiLi noticed two dogs fight .
5. I looked at her flying a kite .
6. Please hand me the paper .
7. The lion ordered the hen to give him some eggs.
8. He wanted you to go with him.
9. Lu Yang told the little boy to go home.
10. She asks me to help her .
11. My parents leave me some money .
12. Lucy leads me a pencil .
13. Mother got me some tea .
14. LiLei found 100 yuan in the room.
15. He showed me her photos .
16. The fans made Lin Junjie a famous star.
17. Mom let me in.
18. The rich man bought his son an MP4.
19. The teacher observes the boy sleep.
20. The teacher made her monitor.
21. I saw the baby cry.
22. I paid him three yuan .
23. He passed me an eraser.
24. Lucy heard her neighbor singing
25. Tom teaches us English.
26. They asked the teacher to explain it again .
27. Let me read you his letter .
28. Would you sing us an English song ?
29. I will lend you something.
30. Did you notice me leave the house

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