黑暗之魂2巨剑加点:初中七年级下册英语试题

★清华大学★英语系测试：为中学英语量身定做.
官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/
清华大学英语教授50年研究成果
初中七年级下册英语试题
听 力 部 分（25分）
Ⅰ.听录音，给下列图画标出序号.(1-5)  (5 分 )
A            B             C            D             E
1.(   )        2.(   )        3.(   )        4.(   )        5.(   )
Ⅱ.听录音.选择相应的回答.( 10分)
(   )6.A.He is flying a plane.  B. He is flying a kite.    C. He likes flying a plane
(   )7.A.She is reading English.
B. She is reading a Chinese book
C. She is reading an English book
(   )8.A.They’re wearing a blue trousers and blouse.
B. They’re wearing blue blouses and trousers.
C. They’re wearing green trousers and a blouse
(   )9.A. One.               B. Two.                 C. Three
(   )10.A. At home.           B. At school.            C. In his classroom.
Ⅲ.听短文,填入所缺单词. ( 10 分 )
I can’t                      (1)   the idea that old people have no right to be
(2).  So I like ring, scarves and                         (3).
I wear                   (4) clothes because I want to be young and beautiful. I enjoy praise about my good appearance. I don’t                 (5) what young people think of me!
笔 试 部 分（ 105分 ）
IⅤ.选择填空. ( 20分）
(    )1.Where _______ Linda and Tina come from?
A. do                  B. are                   C. does
(    )2. We went to Hainan Island on May Day and had great fun_______ in the sea.
A. swim                B. swimming             C. to swim
(    )3._________ other movies do you like?
A.W hat                B. Why                 C. How
(    )4. ---------What are you?     ---------I’m _____________.
A: drinking some tea     B.OK                  C. a cleaner
(    )5.Let’s ___________ our lesson.
A. starts              B. to start                C. start
(    )6.Everyone ________ listening to him now.
A. do                B. is                    C. are
(    )7.Mary likes ______ glasses.
A. putting on          B. in                    C. wearing
(    )8.Our Chinese teacher has a beautiful___________.
A. good-looking       B. look                 C. hat
(    )9.They would like _________ to school by car.
A. go                 B. to go                C. going
(    )10.Jim ______ stand the boring lessons. I can’t stand them,________.
A .can’t; either          B. can’t too             C. can ; too
(    )11.Kate doesn’t agree _________ the teacher.
A. to                  B. on                   C. with
(    )12.The ________ woman has three daughters and two sons.
A. forty years old      B. forty-year-old          C. forty-years-old
(    )13. -----_______do you think of  the movie?
-----It’s boring, I don’t like it.
A. What              B. Why                 C. How
(    )14.Tom’s father enjoyed________ English songs.
A. listening            B. listening to            C. to listen
(    )15.My brother often __________ some things after school.
A. makes             B. does                  C. exercises
(    )16.My father ¬¬¬¬________ the article yesterday.
A. look                     B. reads              C. read
(    )17.Tom ________ carefully but __________ nothing.
A. listen; hear                B. listened; heard     C. heard; listened
(    )18.------_________ do you like Fuyuan?
------Because ________ is my hometown.
A. Why ;it                 B. What; they         C. How ; it
(    )19.Please go _______ this road and________ right. You can find the supermarket.
A. down; turn to             B. along; turn          C. straight; turn
(    )20.The snow is very ___________..
A. heavy                  B. heavily             C. big
V.补全对话.（10分）
A. Where were you born?    B: Why did you move there?  C. How are you?
D. When were you born?    E. How long did you live there?
Lin Peng:  Hello, Bill ! Nice to meet you. _____________(1)
Bill:      Fine, thank you. And you?
Lin Peng:  I’m fine too. Can I ask you some questions?
Bill:      Certainly!
Lin Peng:  _________________(2)
Bill:      On February 18,1981.
Lin Peng:  _________________(3)
Bill:      I was born in New York, the USA.
Lin Peng:  __________________(4)
Bill:      For about twelve years. Then we moved to Canada.
Lin Peng:  ___________________(5)
Bill:      Because we wanted to find a job there.
Lin Peng:  Nice talking to you. Goodbye.
VI..用所给词的适当形式填空.(10分)
1.What about ______________ (have) a rest?
2. He __________(do) some exercises every day.
3.Did you go ____________ (shop) with mom yesterday?
4.He ____________ (play) basketball with us now.
5.You can’t __________ (talk) in class.
VII．完形填空. (15分)
阅读短文,然后从各题所给的答案中选择最佳的,把序号填在括号中.
Today is our first day in Central Middle School. It is a large   1  beautiful school. Mr. Johnson is   2  . But Ms Laurent is very  3   . We have too   4   school            5   . We   6   wear bracelets(手镯), sunglasses   7    earrings. But I can’t live  8   my charm(护身符) bracelet. We have to wear school   9   on school days. But I can’t     10   the color of our uniform. We have to    11   English and Chinese every morning. But I don’t have time to    12   my violin. We have to   13   homework. We have to   14   hard. We have no time to   15   basketball.
(   )1.A. or                 B. and        C. with
(   )2.A. friend              B. fun        C. friendly
(   )3.A. serious             B. well        C. good
(   )4.A. many              B. much       C. little
(   )5.A. things              B. rulers       C. rules
(   )6.A. have               B. can’t        C. don’t
(   )7.A. and                B. with        C. or
(   )8.A. without             B. with        C. no
(   )9.A. hat                 B. uniform     C .bag
(   )10.A. like                B. stand       C. see
(   )11. A. look               B. see         C. read
(   )12. A. practice            B. read        C. clean
(   )13. A. much              B. many       C. do
(   )14. A. talk               B. play        C. study
(   )15. A. practise            B. like        C. play
VIII. 阅读理解.(30分)
A) 根据短文内容判断正误.正确的用(T),错误的用(F).(10分)
A little girl often goes to a shop. In summer, she usually gets some ice cream. In spring,
winter, and autumn she asks for some chocolate(巧克力). The man in the shop knows her
well. One day, it’s cold and windy. The snow is falling(落下). The girl goes into shop and
asks for some cigars(雪茄烟). The man says, “ No you can’t ask for that. You are under
18. Look, a policeman is coming……” “It doesn’t matter. He is my father.” The girl says.
1.The girl wants ice cream all the time.                    (     )
2.The man in the shop doesn’t know her                   (     )
3.She doesn’t like chocolate.                            (     )
4.One cold winter day, the girl goes to the shop for some cigars.(     )
5.The girl says the policeman is her father.                 (     )
B)阅读短文,从所给答案中选择最佳的.        (10分)
Mr. Brown is one of my friends. He can run very fast (快) and like to show people how
fast he can run.
One day, a thief (小偷) got into his house, took some of his things and ran out of the
house fast. Mr. Brown found it and ran after him, and shouted (喊), “Hey(嗨)! Don’t you
know you can’t get away from (逃脱) me?
But the thief ran faster. Mr. Brown got angry (生气) and ran faster, too. He was
soon a few kilometers away from his house. He was running hard when he met me.
“Why are you running so fast?” I asked. “I want to catch the thief,” said Mr. Brown. “
But where is the thief?” I asked. “Kilometers behind”, said Mr. Brown proudly.  “He
thought he could run faster than me, but you see he is wrong.”
(    )1.Did the thief  steal(偷) anything from Mr Brown’s house?
A. Yes, he was   B. No, he didn’t   C. Yes, he did
(    )2. Who ran faster, Mr. Brown or the thief?
A.Mr. Brown.       B.No, the thief.          C.the thief.
(    )3.What did Mr.Brown do when he found the thief?
A.He caught him.      B.He ran after him.    C.He stayed behind him.
(    )4. Did Mr. Brown catch(抓住) the thief?
A. yes, he did.       B.No, he didn’t        C.No, but his friend did.
(    )5.What does the word “proudly” mean? It means_______?
A.自豪地           B.难过的     C. 突然地
C)根据短文填空.(10分)
TV Show List
9:00   Cooking with Mr. Bean           16:00  Animal World
10:20  Pop Music on Show              17:00  Arts Class
11:00  Nature and Science               19:30  American News
13:30  Sports Time                     20:00  Soap Opera
14:50  Cartoon City                    21:30  Let’s Learn English
1.  If you want to watch a soccer game, you can watch ¬¬¬________________
2.  The show of _________________ can teach you a lot about America.
3.  If you like animals, you must like to watch _________________.
4.  The show of ________________ can make you enjoy the pop music.
5.  If you want to study English, you watch_________________.
IX.写作. (10分)
每个学校都有规章制度,下面是你们学校的一些规章制度,请你向新同学Tom介绍.
1.上课不能迟到.      2. 课堂要保持安静.     3. 不许在教室里吃东西.      4.不许在课堂上听音乐,玩游戏.      5.不要损坏花草树木.
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初中七年级英语试题听力材料
Ⅰ.听录音，选择相应的图片.（ 听二遍 ）
1. Tom likes to help people in trouble, and people like him. but thieves don’t like him, He is a policeman
2.Jenny wants to meet different kind of people. She likes to be a reporter.
3.Betty wears a white uniform and she helps doctors and patients.
4.I like sports, after school , I often play football with my friends.
5.Sam works in a restaurant. He is very busy when people go out for dinner.
Ⅱ.听录音.选择相应的回答.( 5 分)
(  )6.W: Hi! Lin Tao, Are you flying a kite?
M: No, I’m flying a plane. Do you want a go?
Q: What’s Lin Tao flying?
(  )7.M: Hello! Lucy. What are you doing?
W: I’m reading a book.
M: Are you reading an English book?
W: No, I’m reading a Chinese book.
Q: What’s Lucy reading?
(  )8.W: Excuse me, Mr Green. I can’t find the twins.
M: Oh, we must find them. What are they wearing?
W: They are wearing blue trousers and blouses.
Q: What’re the twins wearing?
(  )9.M: What can you see in the picture?
W: I can a boy , a girl and an old man.
Q: How many children are there in the picture?
(  )10.M: Where is Li Lei? Is he at school?
W: No, he is at home. He’s doing his homework.
Q: Where is Li Lei?
Ⅲ.听短文,填入所缺单词. ( 5 分 )
I can’t   stand      the idea that old people have no right to be
beautiful .  So I like ring, scarves and sunglasses. I wear colorful   clothes because I want to be young and beautiful. I enjoy praise about my good  appearance. I don’t  mind     what young people think of me!
初中七年级英语参考答案及评分标准
听力部分：（25分）
Ⅰ.1—5： EDABC                                      （5 分）
Ⅱ.6-10： ABBBA                                       (10 分)
Ⅲ.11-15:stand,beautiful,sunglasses,colorful, mind               (10 分)
笔试部分：（105分）
Ⅳ. 1—5:ABACC     6—10:BCBBA                        (20分）
11-15 CBABC    16-20 CBABA
Ⅴ. CDAEB                                              (10分)
Ⅵ. having; does; shopping; is playing; talk                    （10分）
VII.  1-5 BCAAC   6-10 BCABB   11-15 CACCC            (15分 ）
VIII. A)FFTTT                                           （10分）
B) CABBA                                              （10分）
C)1.Sports Time 2.American News 3.Animal World           （10分）
4.Pop Music on Show  5.Let’s Learn English
IX.  写作.略                                              (10分 ）
★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.
官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/
清华大学英语教授50年研究成果
八年级上  Unit 1
go to the movie   去看电影
watching  TV    看电视
every day        每天
on  weekends    在周末
play soccer       踢足球
do homework     做作业
junk food        垃圾食品
drink milk       喝牛奶
be good for health  对健康有好处
eat vegetables     吃蔬菜
eat fruit          吃水果
every night       每天晚上
eating habits     饮食习惯
a lot of         许多的
of course       当然
try to do        尽量……
healthy lifestyle   健康的生活方式
good grades      好身体
the same as      和……一样
healthy habit     健康的习惯
get up          起床
play ping-pong   打乒乓球
hardly ever      几乎不
八年纪    上册  Unit 2
have a cold       患感冒
have a stomachache 换肚子痛
see a headache     患头痛
lie down and rest   躺着休息
see a dentist       看牙医
go to bed         去睡觉
feeling well       感觉很好
go to the party     去参加聚会
healing foods      可治疗食物
at the moment     此时
That’s a good idea  那是一个好主意
I’m sorry to hear that.听到这儿我很难过
have a sore back    患背痛
have a sore throat   患咽炎
have a toothache    患牙痛
hot tea with honey  加蜂蜜的热茶
drink lots of water  喝大量的水
eat anything       吃任何东西
listen to music     听音乐
stressed out       紧张的
have a fewer      发烧
for example       例如
balanced diet      饮食平衡了
What’s the matter?  你怎么了
I hope you feel better soon.我希望你很快好起来
healthy lifestyle    健康的生活方式
八年级上  Unit 5
hou about        ……怎么样
study for a test    为考试而学习
go to the doctor   去看医生
have a piano lesson有一节钢琴课
help my parents   帮助我的父母
visit my aunt     拜访我的姨妈
come to my party 参加我的聚会
have  to        不得不
too  much      太多
much  too      很，非常
go to the mall    去大商场
soccer practice   练习足球
the day befor yesterday前天
the day after tomorrow后天
going to my cousin’s birthday party
准备参加我堂妹的生日聚会
science test     科学考试
finish the geography project
完成我的地理学科
culture club     文化班
the whole day=all day 整天
八年纪    上册  Unit 6
jazz  music   爵士乐
classical music 古典音乐
dance  music  舞曲
pop  music   流行音乐
country music 乡村音乐
go  upstairs  上 楼
go  straight  直走
turn  left    向左转
turn  right   向右转
next   to    在旁边
between  and 在……之间
in front of   在……前面
kind  of   种类
culture  palace 文化宫殿
western culture  西方文化
eastern culture 东方文化
on the left    在左边
on the right   在右边
Beijing Opera Palace京剧宫殿
Chinese Music Hall中国音乐大厅
Chinese Festivals Park中国节日公园
art palace    艺术宫殿
in the park   在公园
and so on    等等
八年级上    Unit 7
Turn on      打开
cut up       切碎
pour sht. into 把什么倒入
put sth. into  把什么放进
Mix  up    混合在一起
add….to….  加入
put on    把什么放到什么上边
八年级上册 UNIT 8
went to the aquarium  去水族馆
took photos          照相
went to the zoo       去动物园
have pizza           吃比萨饼
eat some ice cream    吃一些冰激凌
hung out with friends  和朋友在一起
see some seals       看到一些海豹
buy a souvenir        买一个礼物
saw some sharks      看到一些鲨鱼
went to the beach      去沙滩
meet a famous actor    遇见一个电影明星
have a great time      玩的愉快
for the day           那天
lots of               很多
end of               结束
have a school trip      有一个学校旅游
take the subway       乘坐地铁
watch TV with a friend 和朋友一起看电视
take a class          上课
sleep late            很晚睡
go for a drive         去开车
sound like            听起来像
have fun             玩的开心
yard sale             庭院旧货出售
kind of              有点
in the future          在未来
win the first prize      赢得一等奖
八年纪    上册  Unit 11
Take  out 取出
do chores    琐事;干家务
do the dishes 洗餐具
sweep the floor清扫地板；扫地
living room  起居室；客厅
work  on   从事；忙于
do the laundry洗衣服
take care of  照看；照顾
八年级上册   Unit 12
close to    靠近
by bus     乘公共汽车
FM=Frequency Modulation调频
AM=Amplitude Modulation调幅
think about    考虑
do a survey of  做了…调查
As for        关于
As for=about
without       没有
the prize for    ..的奖励
the price of    .的价钱
cut their prices  减价
need to        需要……
in the daytime  在白天
talent show    天才表演
play a piano piece演奏一段钢琴曲
ask sb. sth .
radio station   广播电台
in a fun part of town
在城镇有一个有趣的聚会
big screen    巨大的银幕
closest to home接近家
most comfortable seats座位非常舒服
movie theater电影院
showtime cinema电影院
good quality   好的质量
think about    考虑
talent show    才艺表演
without music  无音乐
funniest actor  滑稽的演员
most popular   最受欢迎
most creative music video
最巨创造性的音乐录影带
do a survey of
做了……的调查
new movies新的电影院
a lot to do  有很多要做……
in the north of China
在中国北部
get the prize  得奖
North China  华北
South China  华南
West China   华西
East China   华东
good book   好书
Unit1
be free 免费
live to be 200 years old 活到200岁
less pollution 更少的污染
use the subway less 更少地使用地铁
more tall buildings 更多的高楼
in ten years 十年后
places to live 住的地方
live on the space station 住在太空站
live in an apartment 住在公寓
live alone/by oneself 一个人住
go skating 去滑冰
look smart 看上去潇洒,显得漂亮
dress casually 穿着随意
come true 实现
in the future  在未来
Unit 2
argued with sb.   与某人生气
have an argument with sb.与某人生气
out of style      不时髦的
in style         时髦的
keep out       不让…进入
call sb. up      打电话给…
on the phone    用电话交谈
pay  for    付款
part-time job 兼职工作
Teen Talk   青少年论坛
the same as  与…同样的
get  on    相处
as much as possible 尽可能多
all kinds of  各种
on the other hand一方面
borrow sth. from sb.向某人借某物
found out    找出
is popular at school 在学校受欢迎
except me    除了我
have a quick supper 吃一个快的晚餐
not…until  直到…才
try  to  do  试着去做
complain about doing sth.抱怨做某事
seem to  do
comparing…with 把…与…做比较
think for        为…着想
find it +adj.+to do sth.发现做某事很怎样
learn to do     学会做某事
Unit 3
barber shop 理发店
get out     出去
take off    起飞
train station 火车站
come in    进来
Beijing International Airport北京国际机场
hear about   听说
take place   发生
World Trade Center世界贸易中心
as…as     和…一样
in front of  在…的前面
clean my room打扫我的房间
sleep late     睡懒觉
make a smooth做思木西
cook dinner   做晚饭
eat lunch     吃中午饭
cut hair       剪头发
have…experience有…经历
in the morning  在早晨
walk down    走下来
very surprised  非常惊奇
souvenir shop  纪念品商店
TV station     电视台
in the museum 在博物馆
climb a tree    爬树
jump down     跳下
take a photo    照相
called the police报警
rode his bicycle 骑自行车
buy a newspaper买一份报纸
run away      逃跑
think about    考虑…做某事
for example    举例子
heard about    听说
having fun     玩的高兴
in silence     在…
told us       告诉我们
in space      在太空
over the world遍及全世界
became famous因…而出名
next to       挨着
arrive at/in 到达
a TV repoter 电视台记者
in front of 在…前面
in the front of 在…前部
get out of 出来
sleep late 睡懒觉
in(at) the library 在图书馆
buy a souvenir 买个纪念品
call the police 报警
call the TV station 给电视台打电话
call the newspaper 给报社打电话
take off 起飞
an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历
jump down from 从…跳下来
take photos of 照相
too scared 太害怕
walk to school走路去学校
in the tree 在树上
on the tree 在树上
police officer 警察局
at the doctor’s 在诊所
go shopping( do some shopping) 去买东西
a barber shop 理发店
on/in the playground 在操场上
ten minutes ago 十分钟以前
in silence 沉默
keep silent/quiet 保持安静
take place 发生
become a national hero 成为民族英雄
become/be famous for 以…而著名
all over the world (in the world) 全世界
in turn 依次
have fun (enjoy oneself) 玩得高兴
be destroyed 被损坏
cut hair ( have one’s cut) 理发
Unit 5
Have a great time玩的高兴
let in    …进来
stay at home     呆在家
Help sb. (to) do sth..帮助某人做某事
take away       拿走
ask sb. To sth
At the party     在晚会上
go to college    去大学
be\become famous变的有名
Travel around the world环游世界
make money     挣钱
work hard       努力工作
A  professional soccer player
一名职业足球运动员
seem like      看起来像
Make a living   谋生
all over the world世界各地
give money to   捐钱
All the time     一直
for a living     为…谋生
get injured     受伤
in fact        事实上
Be able to     能够
be going to
spend time    消磨时间
too much     太多
laugh at      笑话某人
go back
In order     为了…
Unit 9
be late for   迟到
look like    看起来象
in order    按顺序
by noon    到中午为止
on the weekend 在周末
have a good day!玩的愉快
looking through 浏览
waiting inline  排队
really low     降低
tell sb. about yourself告诉某人有关你的事
a ball game fan   球迷
be friendly to sb.对某人友好
feel like        感觉像
a friend like you  像你一样的朋友
get along       相处
thanks for    因…而感谢
ask sb. To do sth.要求某人做某事
go with me     和我一起去
think of         想起
leave early     早早离开
at least         至少
be careful     小心
Unit 10
most of       大多数
make sb. Laugh让某人笑
like to do     喜欢做某事
like doing    喜欢做某事
both like     都喜欢
the same like 和…一样
for me      对我来说
get the job   上班
enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事
★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.
官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/
清华大学英语教授50年研究成果
★哈佛大学★英语系研究，美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。
官方网站：http://hafo.yeryy.com/
哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供
★哈佛大学★英语系研究，美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。
官方网站：http://hafo.yeryy.com/
哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供
学英语简单吗？肯定会有许多学生说：“难死了”。为什么有好多学生对英语的学习都感到头疼呢？答案只有一个：“不得法。” 英语与汉语一样都是一种语言，为什么你说汉语会如此流利？那是因为你置身于一个汉语环境中，如果你在伦敦呆上半年，保准说起英语来会非常流利。但很多中学生没有很好的英语环境，那么你可以自己设置一个英语环境，坚持“多说”、“多听”、“多读”、“多写”，那么你的英语成绩肯定会很出色。 一、多“说”。 自己多创造机会与英语教师多讲英语，见了同学，尤其是和好朋友在一起时尽量用英语去问候，谈心情……这时候你需随身携带一个英汉互译小词典，遇到生词时查一下这些生词，也不用刻意去记，用的多了，这个单词自然而然就会记住。千万别把学英语当成负担，始终把它当成一件有趣的事情去做。 或许你有机会碰上外国人，你应大胆地上去跟他打招呼，和他谈天气、谈风景、谈学校……只是别问及他的年纪，婚史等私人问题。尽量用一些你学过的词汇，句子去和他谈天说地。不久你会发现与老外聊天要比你与中国人谈英语容易的多。因为他和你交谈时会用许多简单词汇，而且不太看重说法，你只要发音准确，准能顺利地交流下去。只是你必须要有信心，敢于表达自己的思想。 如果没有合适的伙伴也没关系，你可以拿过一本书或其它什么东西做假想对象，对它谈你一天的所见所闻，谈你的快乐，你的悲伤等等，长此坚持下去你的口语肯定会有较大的提高。 二、多“听” 寻找一切可以听英语的机会。别人用英语交谈时，你应该大胆地去参与，多听听各种各样人的发音，男女老少，节奏快的慢的你都应该接触到，如果这样的机会少的话，你可以选择你不知内容的文章去听，这将会对你帮助很大，而你去听学过的课文的磁带，那将会对你的语言语调的学习有很大的帮助。 三、多“读”。 “读”可以分为两种。一种是“默读”。每天给予一定时间的练习将会对你提高阅读速度有很大的好处，读的内容可以是你的课本，但最好是一些有趣的小读物，因为现在的英语高考越来越重视阅读量和阅读速度。每道题的得分都与你的理解程度有很大关系，所以经过高中三年阅读的训练后，你必定会在高考中胜券在握。 另一种是“朗读”这是学语言必不可少的一种学习途径。 四、多“写” 有的同学总是抱怨时间紧，根本没时间写作文。其实“写”的形式很多，不一定就写作文才提高写作能力。比如写下你一天中发生的一些重要的事情，或当天学了某一个词组，你可以创设一个语境恰如其份地用上这个词。这样即可帮你记住这个词的用法，又可以锻炼你的写作能力，比如学“wish”一词时，可写一小段如下： The teacher often asks us what we want to be in the future.My good friend Tom wishes to be a soldier.However,I'm different .I wish I were a teacher in the future.But my mother wishes me to be a doctor. 只几句话：但wish的几种用法已跃然纸上，这样写下来印象会深刻得多，这样比死记硬背wish的用法也有趣轻松的多。 学习英语不用花大块的时间，10分钟的散步可以练"说",吃完饭后可以读一会儿英语小说，睡前听几分钟英语，可以使你得到更好地休息……只要你每天抽出一些时间来练英语，你的英语成绩肯定会很快提高的。 背英语单词技巧 1、循环记忆法 艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线 人的大脑是一个记忆的宝库，人脑经历过的事物，思考过的问题，体验过的情感和情绪，练习过的动作，都可以成为人们记忆的内容。例如英文的学习中单词、短语和句子，甚至文章的内容都是通过记忆完成的。从"记"到"忆"是有个过程的，这其中包括了识记、保持、再认和回忆。有很多 人在学习英语的过程中，只注重了学习当时的记忆效果，孰不知，要想做好学习的记忆工作，是要下一番工夫的，单纯的注重当时的记忆效果，而忽视了后期的保持和再认同样是达不到良好的效果的。 在信息的处理上，记忆是对输入信息的编码、贮存和提取的过程，从信息处理的角度上，英文的第一次学习和背诵只是一个输入编码的过程。人的记忆的能力从生理上讲是十分惊人的，它可以存贮1015比特(byte，字节)的信息，可是每个人的记忆宝库被挖掘的只占10%，还有更多的记忆发挥空间。这是因为，有些人只关注了记忆的当时效果，却忽视了记忆中的更大的问题--即记忆的牢固度问题，那就牵涉到心理学中常说的关于记忆遗忘的规律。 一、艾宾浩斯记忆规律曲线解释 德国有一位著名的心理学家名叫艾宾浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus，1850-1909)，他在1885年发表了他的实验报告后，记忆研究就成了心理学中被研究最多的领域之一，而艾宾浩斯正是发现记忆遗忘规律的第一人。 根据我们所知道的，记忆的保持在时间上是不同的，有短时的记忆和长时的记忆两种。而我们平时的记忆的过程是这样的： 输入的信息在经过人的注意过程的学习后，便成为了人的短时的记忆，但是如果不经过及时的复习，这些记住过的东西就会遗忘，而经过了及时的复习，这些短时的记忆就会成为了人的一种长时的记忆，从而在大脑中保持着很长的时间。那么，对于我们来讲，怎样才叫做遗忘呢，所谓遗忘就是我们对于曾经记忆过的东西不能再认起来，也不能回忆起来，或者是错误的再认和错误的回忆，这些都是遗忘。艾宾浩斯在做这个实验的时候是拿自己作为测试对象的，他得出了一些关于记忆的结论。他选用了一些根本没有意义的音节，也就是那些不能拼出单词来的众多字母的组合，比如asww，cfhhj，ijikmb，rfyjbc等等。他经过对自己的测试，得到了一些数据。 然后，艾宾浩斯又根据了这些点描绘出了一条曲线，这就是非常有名的揭示遗忘规律的曲线：艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线，图中竖轴表示学习中记住的知识数量，横轴表示时间(天数)，曲线表示记忆量变化的规律。 这条曲线告诉人们在学习中的遗忘是有规律的，遗忘的进程不是均衡的，不是固定的一天丢掉几个，转天又丢几个的，而是在记忆的最初阶段遗忘的速度很快，后来就逐渐减慢了，到了相当长的时候后，几乎就不再遗忘了，这就是遗忘的发展规律，即"先快后慢"的原则。观察这条遗忘曲线，你会发现,学得的知识在一天后，如不抓紧复习,就只剩下原来的25%)。随着时间的推移,遗忘的速度减慢，遗忘的数量也就减少。有人做过一个实验，两组学生学习一段课文，甲组在学习后不久进行一次复习，乙组不予复习，一天后甲组保持98%，乙组保持56%；一周后甲组保持83%，乙组保持33%。乙组的遗忘平均值比甲组高。 二、不同性质材料有不同的遗忘曲线 而且，艾宾浩斯还在关于记忆的实验中发现，记住12个无意义音节，平均需要重复16.5次；为了记住36个无意义章节，需重复54次；而记忆六首诗中的480个音节，平均只需要重复8次！这个实验告诉我们，凡是理解了的知识，就能记得迅速、全面而牢固。不然，愣是死记硬背，那也是费力不讨好的。因此，比较容易记忆的是那些有意义的材料，而那些无意义的材料在记忆的时候比较费力气，在以后回忆起来的时候也很不轻松。因此，艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线是关于遗忘的一种曲线，而且是对无意义的音节而言，对于与其他材料的对比，艾宾浩斯又得出了不同性质材料的不同遗忘曲线，不过他们大体上都是一致的。 因此，艾宾浩斯的实验向我们充分证实了一个道理，学习要勤于复习，而且记忆的理解效果越好，遗忘的也越慢。 三、不同的人有不同的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线--个性化的艾宾浩斯 上述的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线是艾宾浩斯在实验室中经过了大量测试后，产生了不同的记忆数据，从而生成的一种曲线，是一个具有共性的群体规律。此记忆曲线并不考虑接受试验个人的个性特点，而是寻求一种处于平衡点的记忆规律。 但是记忆规律可以具体到我们每个人，因为我们的生理特点、生活经历不同，可能导致我们有不同的记忆习惯、记忆方式、记忆特点。规律对于自然人改造世界的行为，只能起一个催化的作用，如果与每个人的记忆特点相吻合，那么就如顺水扬帆，一日千里；如果与个人记忆特点相悖，记忆效果则会大打折扣。因此，我们要根据每个人的不同特点，寻找到属于自己的艾宾浩斯记忆曲线 2》如何学英语 下定决心，坚持不懈 英语学习作为一门语言技能，通过大量的训练和练习任何人是可以掌握的。一般地说，英语学习的原则是听、说领先，读、写跟上。李扬的疯狂英语提倡，首先建立起我能学好英语的信心，然后以句子为单位，大量地模仿，疯狂地操练，大声地朗读，最后达到自如地说英语，他的方法对提高说英语的能力很奏效。钟道隆教授45岁开始学英语，一年后，学成出国当口语翻译，并创造了逆苦恼、逆急于求成、逆速成的逆向学习英语的方法。他还提出学习英语要遵循听、写、说、背、想的方法，他的方法强调以听为主，并且把所听到的内容全部写下来。尤其是他的学习精神最可佳，他学习英语用坏了十几台录音机，你可想象他听了多少英语；用完的圆珠笔芯几乎装满了一个一拉罐，你可想象他写了多少，在一年半内，累计业余学习英语时间大约三千小时，也就说每天抽出几个小时来学英语。如果我们做到他那样，一定也能学好英语。最重要的是坚持，只要能下定决心，坚持每天至少一个小时的学习英语，战胜自我最后肯定会有收获的。 注意方法，循序渐进 决心下定，还注意学习方法，有时根据自己的情况和不同的学习目的，选择不同的学习方法，但是学习英语一定要踏踏实实地、一步一个脚印地走。要把基础知识掌握好，也就是说，发音要正确、基本词汇要掌握牢、基本句式要熟练、基本语法要会用。 （1）要过好语音关。把每一个音标发正确，注意改正有问题的音素，特别是那些容易混淆的音素，尽早地掌握国际音标，并尽量的掌握一些读音规则，尽快地能利用读音规则来拼单词，掌握读音规则对单词的记忆和拼写非常有用。 （2）掌握一定数量的英语单词。对于学习者来说掌握英语词汇是一难关，学习单词要从单词的形、音、义这三方面去掌握，要注意单词的一词多义，一词多类的用法，要学会一些构词法的知识，来扩展词汇量。学习单词要在语言材料中去学，要结合词组，通过句子，阅读文章来活记单词，死记的单词是记不牢的。坚持在读、说前，先反复听，听的时候反应单词、句子的意思和节奏，想一下单词的拼法、句子结构。并要同学习语法规则有机结合起来进行。 （3）掌握好基本语法。语法在学习英语中也很重要，它能帮助我们把握住英语的基本规律，通过例句或语言现象把死的语法规则要记住，活的规则要通过做大量的练习掌握。总之学习英语要通过听、说、读、写、译来进行操练，不但要注意数量，更重要的是要注意质量，尤其是基本知识要掌握的准确，熟练。只有经过大量的实践，才能做到熟能生巧，运用自如。 提前预习，有的放矢 作为学生，在每次上课前，都要对要学的课文提前预习。首先在音标的帮助下试着拼读单词，也可以借助配套磁带反复听，对比一下，把握不准的要标出来，注意上课老师的发音，还要记一下单词的汉语意思和词性。借助课文的注释或辅导材料，预习一遍课文，找出不明白的地方，做到心中有数，在教师讲课时注意听这些地方。总之，预习的目的是熟悉要学的内容，找出不明白的地方，带着问题听课，做到有的放矢。 认真听课，积极配合 课堂是老师与学生一起学习、掌握、运用知识的主要场所。作为起主导作用的老师一方引导学生搞好课堂教学是很必要的，但也需要学习者的积极配合。上课要专心听讲、作好笔记、认真操练、积极思考。预习时出现的问题在课堂上教师没有讲到的，要向老师提出，把问题搞清楚，老师讲授的问题，先注意听，下课后整理一下笔记，反复思考一下这些问题，抓住老师所讲的重点，难点和考点。总之，上课时要做到耳听、眼观、嘴动、脑想，调动起多个感官来。 完成作业，找出问题 学完每一课，要认真完成课后作业。做作业时一定不要看参考书上题的答案，做完后再对答案，对于作业中所出现的不明白的问题，应该记下来，等下次上课时提出来。做作业是英语学习的很重要的环节，它是消化知识和巩固知识的过程，一定要认真完成规定的作业，笔头作业要动一动笔，口头作业要动一动嘴，提高听力要练一练耳，课文在听和读的基础上，最好背诵某些精彩段落。总之，要做大量的练习，英语是练出来的， 一定不要偷懒。 及时复习，巩固知识 学会了的东西随着时间的流逝会逐渐遗忘，但学语言有遗忘现象是正常的。更不必因为有遗忘现象而影响自己学好英语的信心与决心。问题在于怎样来减轻遗忘的程度。善于类比，总结知识，把新学的知识同过去学的有关的知识进行横向和纵向比较和联系。建立错误档案记录，加深印象，以避免再反同样错误。我们大部分知识和技能是靠重复获得的，及时复习对于记忆非常必要，学英语就是要坚持天天不断的练，不断地重复基本句型，常用词汇和基本语法等。学习英语的过程也是同遗忘做斗争的过程。 总而言之，只要你能做到下定决心学，注意学习方法，把课前预习，认真听课，完成作业，及时复习这些环节作好了，你一定能够学好英语 ★哈佛大学★英语系研究，美国布什推荐。专为中小学生英语量身定做。
官方网站：http://hafo.yeryy.com/
哈佛大学英语教授研究组提供
★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.
官方网站：http://qinghua.yeryy.com/
清华大学英语教授50年研究成果
初中被动语态练习题
1. ( ) 1 The People's Republic of China __ on October 1, 1949.
A. found  B. was founded C. is founded  D. was found
( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks  B. are spoken C. is speaking  D. is spoken
( ) 3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings  B. often sang  C. is often sang  D. is often sung
( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
2
( ) 1 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
( ) 2 -I'd like to buy that coat.-I'm sorry. ___.
A. it sold  B. it's selling  C. It's been sold  D. it had been sold
( ) 3 A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building  B. is being built  C. been built  D. be building
( ) 4 The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left    B. will be left C. is left D. has been left
( ) 5 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need       B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
( ) 6 His new book___ next month.
A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published
3
( ) 1 Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking
( ) 2 These papers___yet.  A. have not written B. have not been written C. has not written D. has not been written
( ) 3 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
A. didn't   B. won't   C. isn't   D. doesn't
4
( ) 1 -My shoes are worn out.
A. Can't they be mended?   B. Let me have a look at it.  C. How much do they cost?  D. Can't they mended?
( ) 2 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.
A. Does     B. Has    C. Is   D . Are
( ) 3 ___ these desks be needed?
A. Will     B. Are   C. Has   D. Do
5
( ) 1 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?
A. didn't a meeting hold   B. wasn't a meeting held   C. wasn't held a meeting   D. a meeting wasn't held
( ) 2 Who was the book___?
A. write   B. wrote   C. written   D. written by
( ) 3 Where ___ these boxes made?
A. was   B. were   C. is   D. am
6
( ) 1 The flowers ___ often.
A. must be water   B. must be watered   C. must watered   D. must water
( ) 2 The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept   B. be borrowed   C. keep   D. borrow
( ) 3 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend  B. can mended  C. can be mend  D. can be mend
7
( ) 1 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A. is going to be rebuilt B. will rebuilt C. are going to be rebuiltD. are going to rebuilt
( ) 2 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown B. will shown C. will show D. is shown
( ) 3 The old stone bridge ___ next week
.A. is going to be rebuilt B. will be rebuild C. are going to be rebuilt D. will rebuild
8
( ) 1 Now these magazines__ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept
( ) 2 The pot ___ for ___ hot water
.A. used; keeping B. was used; keeping C. is used; to keep D. are used; keep
( ) 3 Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow
( ) 4 The bridges___ two years ago.
A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built
( ) 5 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather
.A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung
9
( ) 1 The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.
A. be stopped to throw B. be stopped from throwing C. stop to throw D. stop from throwing
( ) 2 The teapot ___ water
.A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled
( ) 3 Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.
A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to
( ) 4 Old people must ___.
A. look after well B. be looked well after C. looked well after D. be looked after well
10
( ) 1 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care B. are taken good care of C. take good care of D. take good care
( ) 2 They were___ at the sudden noise.
A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens
( ) 3 These walls ___ stone.
A. are made of B. made of. C. are made into D. made into
11
( ) 1 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said
( ) 2 The papers ___ to them.
A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown
( ) 3 The coat___her sister.
A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to
12
( ) 1 I ___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given
( ) 2 Good care____such things.A. should take of B. should be taken C. should be taking D. should be taken of
( ) 3 She will____good care____.
A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you
13
( ) 1 The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do B. do C. did D. done
( ) 2 The boy_ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean B. made cleanC. made to clean D. was made clean
( ) 3 These children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to
14
( ) 1 These stones___well.
A. are fitted B. fit C. fits D. is fitted
( ) 2 The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost B. costed C. cost D. is costed
( ) 3 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was'had B. was held C. held D. had
15
( ) 1 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. had taken place
( ) 2 You can't use the computer, it____.
A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down
( ) 3 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.
A. have happened B. happened C. have been happened D. were happened
( ) 4 The watch has often ___ down.
A. sat B. lain C. broken D. fell
16
( ) 1 Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
( ) 2 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.A. are written B. were writtenC. are writing D. were writing
( ) 3 What time ___ the door ___ every day?
A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close
17
( ) 1 Can he___ himself?
A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of
( ) 2 He fell from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt
( ) 3 Lookout, please keep away from the fire, or your trousers will__
A. burnt B. burn C. burning D. get burn
18
( ) 1 The apple___very sweet.
A. is tasted B. taste -C. tastes D. are tasting
( ) 2 You___ more beautiful in the light blue shirt.
A. see B. watch C. look D. look at
( ) 3 What you said ___. like a good idea.
A. heard B. listened C. sound D. sounded
19
( ) 1 -What do you think of the TV play?  -Wonderful. It is worth___ a second time.
A. watching B. watched C. seen D. seeing
( ) 2 How dirty the tables are! They need___.
A. to clean B. clean C. cleaning D. cleaned
( ) 3 The book is worth ___.
A. seeing B. reading C. seen D. read
参考答案：
1. 1-5 B D D D C 　　2. 1-6 B C B B C A 　3. 1-3 A B B 　4. 1-3 A B A 　5. 1-3 B D B
6. 1-3 B A D         7. 1-3 A B A        8. 1-5 D B B C D      9. 1-4 B A D D
10. 1-3 B B A        11. 1-3 B A C       12. 1-3 D D B        13. 1-3 B A A
14. 1-4 B C B        15. 1-4 B D A C     16. 1-3 A B C      17. 1-3 B C D
18. 1-3 C C D        19. 1-3 A C B
回答人的补充   2009-10-18 20:52
选择题
1._____ a new library _____ in our school last year?
A. Is ; built B. Was ; built
C. Does ; build D .Did ; build
2.An accident ____ on this road last week.
A. has been happened B. was happened
C. is happened D. happened
3.Cotton ____ in the southeast of China.
A. is grown B. are grown
C .grows D. grow
4.So far, the moon ____ by man already.
A. is visited B. will be visited
C. has been visited D. was visited
5.A talk on Chinese history _____ in the school hall next week.
A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives
6.A lot of things ____ by people to save the little girl now.
A. are doing B. are being done
C. has been done D. will be done
7.The doctor _____ for yet.
A. isn't sent B. hasn't been sent
C. won't be sent D. wasn't sent
8.--When ___ this kind of computer______?
--Last year.
A. did; use B. was; used
C. is; used D. are; used
9.Who _____ this book _____?
A. did; written B. was; written by
C. did; written D .was; written
10.Mary ____ show me her new dictionary.
A. has asked to B. was asked to
C. is asked D .asks to
11.A story _____ by Granny yesterday.
A. was told us B. was told to us
C. is told us D .told us
12.The monkey was seen _____ off the tree.
A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump
13.Older people ____ well.
A. looks after B .must be looked after
C. must look after D .looked after
14.Our teacher ______ carefully.
A. should be listened to B. should be listen
C. be listened D. is listened
15. In some part of the world, tea _______ with milk and sugar.
A. is serving B. is served
C. serves D. served
16. It was reported that the murderer _______ arrested.
A. has been B. had been
C. has D. had
17. Do you think that the bridge ______ in a year?
A. would be completed B. will be completed
C. had been completed D. is being completed
18. Great changes _______ in China since the People’s Republic of China _______ in 1949.
A. have taken place; was founded
B. has taken place; was founded
C. have been taken place; founded
D. took place; founded
19.—Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy?
—She has _______ by her classmates.
A. laughed B. laughed at
C. been laughed D. been laughed at
20. Doctors _______ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing
C. are needed D. will need
21. I promise that matter will _______.
A. be taken care B. be taken care of
C. take care D. take care of
22. No permission has ________ for anybody to enter the
building.
A. been given B. given
.C. to give D. be given
23. I ___ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.
A. gave B. was given
C. was giving D. had given
24. Can such a thing _____ happening again?
A. prevent from B. prevented from
C. be prevented from D. to prevent from
25. A new house ________ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built
C. been built D. be building
26. This bike ________ last year.
A. bought B. has been bought
C. was bought D. had been bought
27. Did you see the house that _______ by fire last year?
A. was destroying B. destroyed
C. would destroy D. was destroyed
28. It _______ whether she will get her work in the hospital.
A. hasn’t been decided B. isn’t deciding
C. doesn’t decide D. hasn’t decided
29. The pen _______ me. It is hers.
A. isn’t belong to B. wasn’t belong to
C. doesn’t belong to D. didn’t belong to
30. I can’t use my bike because it _______.
A. is repairing B. is being repaired
C. will repair D. was repairing
31. The chairman told the speaker that she ______ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _____.
A. was expected; heard B. had expected; hear .
C had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard
32．— The window is dirty.
— I know. It _____ for weeks. （2004全国03）
A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean
C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned
33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _______ in
Beijing. (2003上海春季, 27)
A. would be completed B. was being completed
C. has been completed D. had been completed
34.—How long _______ at this job?
—Since 1990. (NMET 2003北京春季, 27)
A. were you employed B. have you been employed
C. had you been employed D .will you be employed
35.—What happened to the priceless works of art?
—_______. (NMET 2003北京春季, 34)
A. They were destroyed in the earthquake
B. The earthquake was destroying them
C. They destroyed in the earthquake
D. The earthquake destroyed them
36. This is Ted’s photo. We miss him a lot. He _______ trying to save a child in the earthquake.
A. killed B. is killed C. was killed D. was killing
(NMET 2002 北京春季, 27)
37. Rainforests and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.
(2002 上海春季, 30)
A. cut B. are cut
C. are being cut D. had been cut
38. Selecting a mobile phone for personal use is no easy task because technology _______ so rapidly.
A. is changing B. has changed C.
C. will have changed D. will change
(NMET 2001, 24)
39. Hundreds of jobs _______ if the factory closes.
(NMET 2001北京春季, 12)
A. lose B will be lost
C. are lost D. will lose
40. A new cinema _______ here. They hope to finish it next month.
A. will be built B. is built
C. has been built D. is being built
(NMET 2001北京春季, 17)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
B D A C C B B B B B B D B A B B B A D C
21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
B A B C B C D A C B A D D B A C C A B D
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清华大学英语教授50年研究成果
一. 单项填空
从所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. --She is too busy to help us finish the work.
--Let’s do it by ______.
A. herself             B. myself       C. ourselves      D. himself
2. I sit in the front of the classroom ______ I can hear the teacher clearly.
A. so that           B. unless        C. even though    D. in order to
3. We’re looking forward to ______ Beijing to enjoy the 29th Olympic Games.
A. going to         B. go to         C. leave          D. leaving
4. –Where are Mary and Tom?
--Oh, Mary’s gone swimming and ______.
A. so is Tom        B. so Tom has   C. so has Tom    D. so Tom is
5. I can ______ how happy he will feel if he wins first prize.
A. realise          B. think         C. hope         D. imagine
6. He went out ______ the bad weather. He had to finish the work.
A. because of      B. in spite of     C. of course      D. in addition to
7. Hearing the good news, the parents were so excited that they could _____ speak.
A. ever           B. never        C. hardly          D. properly
8. They asked me ______ during the last May Day holidays.
A. where I had gone               B. where I have gone
C. where I had been               D. where I have been
9. Tom and Jerry were pen friends _____ they met each other.
A.after           B. when        C. before         D. while
10. Nancy spoke in such a low voice that _____ students in our class could hear her.
A. few           B. all           C. many         D. most
11. Jim’s wife was ______ she didn’t speak to Jim all day.
A. so angry that                   B. angry so that
C. so happy that                   D. happy so that
12. The book must ______ Emily, you can see her name here.
A. belong to      B. be           C. belong         D. is
13. All the workers went back home ______ Mr. Zhang, for he had something to do.
A. besides       B. without        C. except         D. except for
14. –Oh, it’ll be rainy tomorrow.
-- ______! We can’t go camping.
A. What a good idea              B. What a shame
C. There it is                    D. Don’t be silly
15. We planned to visit Qingdao, but at last we _____ going to Xi’an.
A. depended on    B. landed on     C. decided on    D. put on
16. Polly is a generous (大方的) girl, she often _____ her gifts with her sisters
A. gives                B. shows        C. buys         D. shares
17. He _____ me to save his pocket money, but he spent it on a model car.
A. advised     B. promised      C. suggested     D. made
18. My teacher _____ us that it’s dangerous to swim alone in the river.
A. notices           B. says         C. realizes        D. warns
19. _____ junk food is not good for you health.
A. Too much                     B. Too many
C. Much too                     D. Many too
20. Jeff works as _____ as Kim, but Kim gets better grades.
A. hard          B. hardly        C. harder        D. careful
二、根据句意，用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。
21. How many times do you brush your            (tooth) every day?
22.              (luck), John got back the notebook that he had lost at the cafe.
23. His            (one) name is Mike. But I don’t know his family name.
24. Eat some vegetables and fruit every day because they are            (health) food.
25. Please tell me the            (win) telephone number, t want to interview him.
三．完形填空
Why do I want to go to college? No one has ever asked me __26 _ a question. But many times I have asked myself. I have __27__ a whole variety of reasons. __28__ important reason is that I want to be a better man.
Many things make human beings different __29__ or better than or even superior to animals.
One of the most important things is __30__ . If I fail to receive higher education, my education __31__. As I want to be a fully __32__ man, I must get a well-rounded education, which good colleges and universities are supposed to __33__. I know one can get educated in many ways, but colleges and universities are __34__ the best places to teach me how to educate myself. Only when I am well-educated, will I be a better human being and __35__ fit into society.
26. A. quite          B. so         C. such                 D. another
27. A. come up with  B. agreed with     C. been fed up with   D. got on well with
28. A. Most        B. The most   C. More               D. Much
29. A. to              B. around       C. between           D. from
30. A. education        B. weather     C. temperature           D. science
31. A. finished          B. don’t finish     C. will not finish D. has finished
32. A. develop          B. developed C. developing            D. experience
33. A. improve          B. graduate    C. hear                D. provide
34. A. between          B. among        C. inside               D. outside
35. A. can good   B. may better C. be able to better   D. be able to best
四．阅读理解
In some parts of the United States，farming is easy．But farming has always been difficult in the north-eastern comer of the country，which is called New England．
New England has many trees and thin，rocky soil．Anyone who wants to start a farm here has had to work very hard．The first job is to cut down all the trees，The next job is to dig the stumps(树桩)of the trees out of the soil。Then the farmer has the most difficult job of all，removing stones from his land，which never really ends，because every winter more stones appear．They come up through the thin soil from the rocks below．Farmers have to keep removing stones from the fields．Even today farms which have been worked on for 200 years keep producing(产生)more stones．
36．New England lies__________．
A．in England      B．in the USA    C．in Canada      D．to the northeast of UK
37．The word ‘remove’means__________．
A．move again     B．carry out      C．take away       D．bring back
38．In what order would a farmer in New England do the following things to start a new farm?
a．Removing the stones from the soil．    B．Building a stone wall round his fields．
c．Digging out the tree stumps．         D．Cutting down the trees．
A．a，b，d，c    B．b，c，d，，a    C．d，b，c，a    D．d，c，a，b
39．What is the greatest difficulty New England farmers have in their farming？
A．The soil is as hard as rock．         B．There are too many stones．
C．Plants hardly grow．               D．The soil is too thin．
40．New England farmers build stone walls around their fields__________．
A．to save the troubles of taking away the stonesB．to keep their neighbours from breaking into
C．because stone walls are stronger than fences D．because stone walls are easy to build
参考答案
一. 单项填空1－5  CAACD      6－10  BCCCA
11—15 AACBC   16---20  DBDAA
二．21. teeth         22. Luckily      23. first      24. healthy    25. winner’s
三.26-30CABDA  31-35CBDBC
四．36-40 BCDBA
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清华大学英语教授50年研究成果
北京市中考英语主要题型包括：
一·听力理解：听对话选择与其对应的图画（此题难度不大，对话简单易懂）；听对话或独白选择最佳答案（难度加强，考察学生的听力，理解力，能快速抓住主旨）；听独白写出关键信息（此题难度较大，考察学生的听，写综合能力）。
二·语言知识运用：单项选择（考察学生的基础知识是否掌握扎实，考点多而细，包括单词，短语固定搭配，句法构成，时态，语态等）；完形填空（考察学生对基础知识的综合运用能力，而不是简单的知识点累加，还需要学生有较宽的知识面，难度较大易失分）。
三·阅读理解：短文阅读（通常包括三道四篇，由易到难，考察阅读速度和理解能力，二者不可或缺，此外，此题型文章较长，内容涉及面广，需要有丰富的知识，敏锐的思维，分值高难度大，大多数学生的难点）；阅读短文还原句子或选词填空（考察对文章的深度阅读和理解能力，排除干扰项）；阅读与表达（通过阅读文章回答问题，考察快速阅读能力，通常设置五道问题，需要学生运用自己的语言总结归纳，简单回答）。
四·书面表达：完成句子（根据汉语意思将英语中缺少的部分补充完整，通常是固定短语或语言点，考察学生对基础知识的综合运用）；文段表达（作文类型多样，包括信件，叙事性作文等，内容贴近生活，与时事紧密结合，需要学生热爱生活，关心时事，此题考察学生的全面综合知识及运用能力）。
通过对北京市近几年中考英语试题的分析，总结得出一些每年考试必考的知识点。如下：
1.人称代词的主格宾格及其物主代词，如：I, you, me, your, etc.
eg: Tom and Mike are good friends.___often help each other.(2010年试题)
A.They B.Them C.Their D.Theirs
2.连词，如：and, or, but, so, etc.
eg: It’s a nice house___it hasn’t a garden.(2008年试题)
A.and B.or C.but D.so
3.介词，如：at, for, on, in, of, to, etc.
eg: Einstein, the famous scientist, was born ___ March, 1892. (2009年试题)
A. at B. on C. in D. to
4.疑问代词，如：how, when, what, where, who, etc.
eg: –___ won the 100th gold at the Olympics for China? –Zhang Yining, she’s from Beijing. (2009年试题)
A. Who  B. What  C. When  D. Where
5.情态动词，如：can, may, must, need, etc.
eg: –___you turn down your radio, please? –Yes, I can. (2010年试题)
A. May B. Need C.Must D. Can
6.形容词，副词的比较级及最高级的用法
eg: –Which colour do you like ___, bule or green? –Blue. (2010年试题)
A.good B.better C.best D.the best
7.正在进行时，如：be + V-ing
eg: Mr. Green ___ to the manager now. You’d better call him later. (2009年试题)
A. talk B. talked C. is talking D. was talking
8.一般过去时，当两个或多个动词并列时注意保持动词时态一致
eg: We were in Qingdao and last week ___ great fun there. (2008年试题)
A. will have B. have had C. had D. have
9.现在完成时，如：have/has + done
eg: She ______ as an animal trainer since 2003.
A. has worked  B. works C. will work  D. worked
10.动词一般过去时的被动语态，如：was/were + done
eg: The road ___ last year. (2010年试题)
A.builds B.built C.was built D.is built
11.复杂一般疑问句，宾语多为who, whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how,  等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
eg: –Can you tell me ___? –She is in the computer lab. (2009年试题)
A. where Linda was                 B. where is Linda
C. where was Linda                 D. where Linda is
12.固定句型，如：When（当…的时候），if （如果）， as soon as（一…就），until（直到…才）， unless（除非/如果…不）这几个词引导的时间或条件状语从句时，从句用一般现在时，主句要用一般将来时。
eg: Tom will call me as soon as he ___ home. (2010年试题)
A. gets B. has got C. got D. will get
13.固定句型，如：It’s /was/has been+ some time +since+一般过去时或过去的时间    自从…以来有多久了
eg: She ______ as an animal trainer since 2003. (2009年试题)
A. has worked  B. works  C. will work  D. worked
14.常考动词不定式短语及动名词短语，如：ask / tell / invite sb. (not) to do sth. 要求/告诉/邀请某人（不）做某事 ;  finish doing sth.   做完某事
eg: Granny often tells us ___ water in our daily life. (2010年试题)
A. save B. saving C. to save D. saves
以上考点均连续出现多次，为每年考试必考题型。
15.现将其他常用重点句型总结如下：
be busy doing sth.
had better (not) do sth
is one of the + 最高级 + n(pl.)…
It is +adj. for sb. to do sth.
It takes sb some time. to do sth.
It’s time for…/to do sth.
It’s bad/good for…
One…the other…/Some… others…
There is sth. wrong with…
too…to
What about /How about…?
What’s the matter with…?/ What’s wrong with…?
Why not…?/Why don’t you…?
Will (would, could) you please…?
初中英语八种时态归纳总结
时态是英语学习中一个至关重要的内容，初中学生在实际运用时，往往对时态总是倍感棘手，下面我们就归纳一下这几种时态。
一、一般现在时：
概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。
时间状语：
always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, etc.
基本结构：①主语 + be动词 + 其他；②主语 + 行为动词 + 其他
否定形式：①主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他；②此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't，主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①把be动词放于句首；②用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时还原行为动词。
二、一般过去时：
概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
基本结构：①主语 + be动词 + 其他；②主语 + 行为动词 + 其他
否定形式：①主语 + was/were + not + 其他；②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。
三、现在进行时：
概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
时间状语：now, at this time, these days, etc.
基本结构：主语 + am/is/are + doing + 其他.
否定形式：主语 + am/is/are + not + doing + 其他.
一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
四、过去进行时：
概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
基本结构：主语 + was/were + doing + 其他.
否定形式：主语 + was/were + not + doing + 其他.
一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
五、现在完成时：
概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
时间状语：recently, lately, since…for…,in the past few years, etc.
基本结构：主语 + have/has + done + 其他.
否定形式：主语 + have/has + not +done + 其他.
一般疑问句：have或has放于句首。
六、过去完成时：
概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。
时间状语：before, by the end of last year(term, month…),etc.
基本结构：主语 + had + done + 其他.
否定形式：主语 + had + not + done + 其他.
一般疑问句：had放于句首。
七、一般将来时：
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, in a few minutes, by…,the day after tomorrow, etc.
基本结构：①主语 + am/is/are/going to + do + 其他；②主语 + will/shall + do + 其他.
否定形式：①主语 + am/ia/are + not + going to + do + 其他； ②主语 + will/shall + not + do + 其他.
一般疑问句：①be放于句首；②will/shall提到句首。
八、过去将来时：
概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
时间状语：the next day(morning, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
基本结构：①主语 + was/were/going to + do + 其他；②主语 + would/should + do + 其他.
否定形式：①主语 + was/were + not + going to + do + 其他；②主语 + would/should + not + do + 其他.
一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②would/should 提到句首。
几种常见时态的相互转换
英语中的几种时态在一定情况下可以互相转换，以下是几种常見的转换形式：
一、一般过去时与现在完成时的转换
在现在完成时中，延续性动词能与表示一段时间的状语连用，瞬间动词却不能。但是，可用別的表达方式：①瞬间动词用于“一段时间 + ago”的一般过去时的句型中；②瞬间动词可改成与之相对应的延续性动词及短语，与一段时间连用；③瞬间动词用于“It is + 一段时间 + since + 一般过去时”的句型中，表示“自从……以来有……时间”的意思，主句一般用it is来代替It has been;④瞬间动词用于“Some time has passed since + 一般过去时”的句型中。请看：
A. He joined the League two years ago.
B. He has been in the League for two years.
C. It is two years since he joined the League.
D. Two years has passed since he joined the League.
二、一般现在时与现在进行时的转换
在一般现在时中，at加上名词表示“处于某种状态”，如at work（在工作）, at school（上学、上课）等。此短语可与进行时态转换。请看：
Peter is at work, but Mike is at play.
Peter is working, but Mike is playing.
三、现在进行时与一般将来时的转换
在现在进行时态中go, come, leave,start, arrive等动词常与表示将来的时间状语連用表示将要发生的动作。如：I am coming, Mum! 意为“我就来，妈妈！”请看：
The train is leaving soon.
The train will leave soon.
四、“be going to+动词原形”与“will(shall)+动词原形”结构的转换
“be going to+动词原形”、表示打算、计划要做的事；将来时“will(shall)+动词原形”结构在书面语中，当主语为第一人称时，常用助动词shall。在口语中，所有人称都可以用will。请看：
We are going to visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
We shall visit the Great Wall next Sunday.
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