九乡新闻网高级折纸大全图解:总统每日简报
来源：百度文库 编辑：九乡新闻网 时间：2024/04/30 03:22:34
《总统每日简报》（President's Daily Briefing，缩写为P.D.B）是美国中央情报局给白宫的一份高度机密的情报文件。
《总统每日简报》什么时候开始出现的现在由于外界缺少详细的信息还不太清楚，但是至少自福特总统以来就存在了。《总统每日简报》是一本蓝色的三环活页笔记本，封页上印着“总统每日简报”。内容是中央情报局认为在过去24小时发生的最重要的事情和信息，包括针对美国的潜在恐怖威胁以及外国领导人的身体状况等。曾担任克林顿总统首任中央情报局局长的詹姆斯·沃尔西称：“如果有什么新的、令人兴奋的以及重要的事情，这都是《总统每日简报》的主要内容，就像是报纸的头版。”
据说，《总统每日简报》由中央情报局的一位汇报者和局长于每天上午8时送到总统的办公室。通常情况下，这个时候会有另外三个人在场，副总统、国家安全事务顾问以及白宫幕僚长。他们会得到这份简报的复印本，另外国务卿和国防部长也有一份。据说，有权看到这份简报的人不超过10个，等他们看完之后，这些复印本将会被带回，送到中央情报局总部。
据说，《总统每日简报》里的内容也不全是正确的，有时候是错的，有时候是对的。有时候说得太过，有时候又说得太轻。但是其重要性确实很大的。
《总统每日简报》第一次解密给公众阅读是在2004年4月，当时美国国会正在就911事件进行调查，独立调查委员会要求白宫解密2001年8月6日当天的《总统每日简报》。
The President's Daily Brief[1] (PDB), sometimes incorrectly referred to as the President's Daily Briefing or thePresident's Daily Bulletin, is a top-secret document produced each morning for the President of the United States. Responsibility for producing the PDB — which was traditionally held by the director of the Central Intelligence Agency — was transferred to the Director of National Intelligence at the time, John Negroponte, after he was confirmed by the Senate on April 21, 2005.[2] The PDB is now delivered by the current (2010) Director of National Intelligence, James Clapper.[3]
Contents
- 1 Purpose and history
- 2 Political importance
- 3 Public awareness
- 4 References
- 5 External links
Purpose and history
The PDB is intended to provide the president of the United States with new international intelligence warranting attention and analysis of sensitive international situations. The prototype of the PDB was called the President's Intelligence Check List; the first was produced by Richard Lehman at the direction of Huntington D. Sheldon on June 17, 1961. The CIA produced the first PDB for President John F. Kennedy in 1960 and the first issues were trial runs.
Although the production and coordination of the PDB was a CIA responsibility, other members of the U.S. Intelligence Community reviewed articles (the "coordination" process) and were free to write and submit articles for inclusion.
While the name of the PDB implies exclusivity, it has historically been briefed to other high officials. The distribution list has varied over time, but has always or almost always included the Secretaries of State and Defense and the National Security Advisor. Rarely, special editions of the PDB have actually been "for the President's eyes only," with further dissemination of the information contained left to the President's discretion.
Production of the PDB is closely linked to that of another publication, historically called the National Intelligence Daily, that contains many of the same items but is distributed considerably more widely than the PDB. Former Presidents are entitled to receive the PDB, if they so desire, only after the sitting President actually receives his daily briefing.
Political importance
Former Central Intelligence Director George Tenet considered the PDB so sensitive that in July 2000 he took the position with the National Archives and Records Administration that none of them could be released for publication "no matter how old or historically significant it may be."[4]
During a briefing on May 21, 2002, Ari Fleischer, former White House Press Secretary, characterized the PDB as "the most highly sensitized classified document in the government."[5]
Public awareness
The PDB came under increased public awareness during testimony in front of the 9/11 Commission, which was convened in 2004 to analyze the September 11, 2001 attacks. On April 8, 2004, after a testimony by then-National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice, the Commission renewed calls for the declassification of a PDB from August 6, 2001, entitled Bin Ladin Determined To Strike in US. Two days later, the White House complied and released the document with minimalredactions.
References
- ^ Central Intelligence Agency Directorate of Intelligence Products Page
- ^ CIA to Cede President's Brief to Negroponte, a February 19, 2005 Washington Post article
- ^ Office of the Director of National Intelligence
- ^ Under Bush, the Briefing Gets Briefer, a May 24, 2002 Washington Post article
- ^ Press Briefing by Ari Fleischeron May 21, 2002, from the website of the White House
External links
- Previously Released Presidential Daily Briefingsat the National Security Archives, George Washington University.
- August 6, 2001 PDB from CNN, (.PDF)
- Official documents of the United States
- Central Intelligence Agency
- Classified documents
- 1960 establishments