九乡新闻网马鞍山郑蒲港锦绣华府:德国鹰盾
来源：百度文库 编辑：九乡新闻网 时间：2024/04/29 13:18:09
原文：
The Eagle Shield of Germany
by Matt Gibbs
The origin of the Adlerschild des Deutches Reich's came about after the unrest and political reform within Germany following World War One. The turmoil within a defeated Germany in 1919 led to all kinds of unrest, the end result being the creation of the German republic. Before and during the war the various Germanic units and states had had their own awards and decorations, which [apart form the Iron Cross] were particular to their own troops and populations, there was no truly national German award. It was decided to offer a contract for a design for a national award to selected designers and artists for the creation of an award that would be a high national decoration of the republic to recognise outstanding life achievement.
The Eagle Shield of Germany was a brand new award which was introduced by the Weimar Government on 15th November 1922. This was to be the first among a number of national honours later to be introduced following the prohibition of portable medals and honours of the German states following the end of World War One. [It was also forbidden for Germans to accept the honours and awards of foreign governments.] The Weimar government wished to break with some of the old 'pomp' and traditions of the former Imperial German states and create it's own national identity, highlighting the inherent strength of the German nation recovering in the aftermath of World War One.
The Office of the Reichskunstwart was involved in the design of the award and sent out tenders in 1921.After the design and selection process they issued a press statement regarding the form of this new honour award. This detailed the reason behind the award and the new design of the Reichsadler. It gave the following observations; "The simplification of the eagle design relates to the shaping of the plumage, the tighter lines of the body neck and head. The design is produced in a strong relief which means this can be adapted to be suitable for the production of coinage because it is close to the edges of the borders and the relief height of the design means the technical achievements needed can be met." It was the winning design of Josef Wackerle who completed it in 1921 in response to the brief from the Treasury. The shield was 108m.m. across and made of cast bronze with a base plinth and special personal inscription on the reverse as well as the name of the recipient. On the obverse was the design of the Reichsadler. Apparently it came in a leather presentation case. This was the first appearance of the new Reichsadler on an award and the design became a model for other medals and awards manufacturers.
During the time of the Weimar government the presentation awards had different styles of lettering and design incorporated into the reverse, making the award of a more personal nature. Some of the shield reverses are quite artistic in comparison to the later standardised Third Reich examples. The pictures below serve to illustrate this variety of design:
The Ministry of the Interior had the responsibility for processing the nominations for the award on behalf of the Reichsprasident. Ebert made the first award of the Adlerschild to Gerhart Hauptmann on the occasion of his 60th birthday. This became the highest honour award of the Republic. It was usually accompanied in the Weimar period by a hand written letter from the President and was awarded to figures from the worlds of Science, Art and Culture or the Economy. Generally it was given to those who had reached 70 or 75 years of age.
There are very, very few of these awards remaining in the aftermath of World War Two, it is supposed that since the end of the war they have become lost or destroyed. 19 of these awards were made by the Weimar Republic and the complete list of recipients is below. There was a further development of this award after the 1933 elections and the National Socialist German Workers Party came into power. The shield's design was altered by the adaptation of the 'new' updated Reichsadler which incorporated the swastika. The shield was presented up to and during the war years to similar important figures. There were a further 38 presentations before the end of 1944 where records cease due to the war situation and as with the earlier Weimar design, are considered extremely rare.
The award pictured is one of those restyled by the the NSDAP after coming to power in 1933. This means that the eagle was re-designed to include the swastika wreath as a symbol of both the state and the government. The shield was presented where possible personally by Hitler. The pictured shield was awarded on the 4th February 1941 to the German Colonial Pioneer Heinrich Schnee. The scarcity of these awards, as previously mentioned, is such that the author has not been able to source a picture of the original Weimar period disc and is not aware of one coming onto the market in recent years. The author would be grateful to any reader with any additional information on this non portable award.
The author has reproduced this list of the recipients of the award and would like to acknowledge the work of Wolfgang Steguweit whose work printed in a German magazine a number of years ago was of considerable help in compiling this article. Grateful thanks also to Bill Stump for some additional facts and pictures supplied and also information via the world wide web including Marcus Wendel's own Third Reich Forum found at
If anyone has any further information on this award or of surviving awards the author would be grateful to receive it.
List of recipients of the Weimar Eagle Shield
1.Gerhart Hauptmann, 15. November 1922, 60th Birthday, Text:
DEM DICHTER UND SEHER / IN DESSEN WERK / DIE SEELE / DES DEUTSCHEN VOLKES / ZUM LICHTE RANG
[Poet and Philosopher - for his work and contributions to the German People]
2.Paul Wagner, 7. März 1923, 80th Birthday, Text:
DEM / BAHNBRECHENDEN / ERFINDER / DEM FÖRDERER / DER DEUTSCHEN / BODENKULTUR
[The innovative and inventive promoter of the German Blood and Soil culture]
3.Emil Warburg, 9. März 1926, 80th Birthday
DEM BEGRÜNDER DER DEUTSCHEN EXPERIMENTALPHYSIK
[The Founder of German Experimental Physics]
4.Adolf von Harnack, 7. Mai 1926, 75th Birthday, Text:
DEM TRÄGER DEUTSCHER BILDUNG
[For services to the German Education system] 5.Max Liebermann, 20. Juli 1927, 80th Birthday, Text: DEM MEISTER
6.Max Planck, 23. April 1928, 70th Birthday, Text:
DEM GROSSEN DEUTSCHEN PHYSIKER [The Great German Physicist]
7.Hans Delbrück, 11. November 1928, 80th Birthday, Text:
DEM GROSSEN DEUTSCHEN GESCHICHTSFORSCHER
[The great German Historical Researcher]
8.Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Möllendorff, 22. Dezember 1928, 80th Birthday, Text:
DEM GROSSEN GELEHRTEN / UND KÜNDER KLASSISCHER BILDUNG
[The great German Scholar and Classic Educationalist] 9.Wilhelm Kahl, 17. Juni 1929, 80th Birthday, Text:
DEM HÜTER UND GESTALTER DES RECHTS
10.Lujo Brentano, 18. Dezember 1929, 85th Birthday, Text: DEM GROSSEN WIRTSCHAFTSLEHRER UND FÖRDERER DEUTSCHER SOZIALPOLITIK
[Great promoter of German Socialist Politics]
11.Oskar von Miller, 7. Mai 1930, 75th Birthday, Text: DEM SCHÖPFER DES DEUTSCHEN MUSEUMS [Creator of the German Museum]
12.Friedrich Schmidt-Ott, 4. Juni 1930, 70th Birthday, Text: ]
DEM GROSSEN FÖRDERER / DER DEUTSCHEN WISSENSCHAFT
[The Great Promoter of German Science]
13.Theodor Lewald, 18. August 1930, 70th Birthday, Text:
DEM VERDIENSTVOLLEN REICHSBEAMTEN / DEM FÜHRER DES DEUTSCHEN SPORTS
[The Deserving German Official and Leader of German Sports]
14.Georg Dehio, 22. November 1930, 80th Birthday, Text: DEM LEHRER UND GESCHICHTSSCHREIBER / DER DEUTSCHEN KUNST
[Teacher and historical writer of German Arts]
15.Robert Bosch, 23. September 1931, 70th Birthday, Text:
DEM MANNE / RASTLOSER / ARBEIT UND / TÄTIGEN / ERFINDUNGSGEISTES
[The restless worker and great inventor]
16.Walter Simons, 24. September 1931, 70th Birthday, Text:
DEM HOHEN RICHTER / DEM FÖRDERER / DES VÖLKERRECHTS
[High Judge and promoter of International Law]
17.Carl Duisberg, 25. September 1931, 70th Birthday, Text:
DEM VERDIENSTVOLLEN FÖRDERER DEUTSCHER WIRTSCHAFT
[The deserving promoter of the German Economy]
18.Max Sering, 18. Januar 1932, 75th Birthday, Text:
DEM FÜHRER DER AGRARWISSENSCHAFT /DEM KÜNDER UND FÖRDERER DEUTSCHEN BAUERNTUMS
[The leader of Agrarian Science and promoter for German Pesantry] 19.Ernst Brandes, 70th Birthday, 11. März 1932, Text:
DEM FÜHRER DER / DEUTSCHEN LAND- / WIRTSCHAFT; DEM / HÜTER DER HEIMAT- / SCHOLLE
[The Leader of the German Economy within the Homeland]
List of recipients of the Third Reich Eagle Shield K)Where there are words included in capitals, these are the words which appear on the reverse of the Shield as the dedication below the recipients name. Apologies for the somewhat literal translation of the wording.
1.Eduard Schwartz, 22 August 1933, Text:
THE GREAT ANTIQUITY RESEARCHER LK
2.Friedrich von Müller, 17 September 1933, Text: THE GREAT CLINICIAN
3.Werner Koerte, 21 October 1933, Text:
THE OUTSTANDING SURGEON
4.William Doerpfeld, 26 December 1933, Text:
THE OLD MASTER of the RESEARCH ANTIQUE ARCHITECTURE
5.Hermann Stehr, 16 February 1934, Text:
THE GERMAN POET
6.Hugo Hergesell, 29 May 1934, Text:
THE LEARNED RESEARCHER of the AIR LAYERS, THE PROMOTER of GERMAN AVIATION
7.Richard Bunch, 11 June 1934, Text:
THE CREATOR AND MASTER of GERMAN MUSIC
8.Adolf Schmidt, 23 July 1934, Text:
THE DESERVING PROMOTER AND SCHOLAR
9.Theodor Wiegand, 30 October 1934, Text:
THE WELL-RENOWNED GERMAN ARCHEOLOGIST
10.Julius Friedrich Lehmann, 28 November 1934, Text:
THE EARNED FIGHTER FOR the GERMAN NATIONALITY
11.Heinrich Finke, 13 June 1935, Text:
RESEARCHERS EARNED
12.Ludwig Aschoff, 10 January 1936, Text:
THE EARNED ONE/GERMAN RESEARCHER/And TEACHERS ON the AREA/the health/SCIENCE -^xKG'uth
13.Gustav Tammann, 20 April 1936, Text: _BLSI8!N@
THE OLD MASTER/THE GERMAN/METALLURGY -MW(={#
14.Ludolf von Krehl, 25 June 1936, Text: ]-Y]Q%A4
THE DESERVING ONE/RESEARCHER AND PHYSICIAN R6@~
15.Erich Marcks, 17 November 1936, Text: `"=L
THE LEARNED ONE/GERMAN HISTORICAL WRITER 7 }MJK)
16.August Beer, 24 November 1936, Text: |VR5Q(d
THE HIGH-EARNED/GERMAN SURGEON Cv(N5mA2
17.Vladimir Peter Koeppen, 28 March 1937, Text: GKx,6E#JM
THE OLD MASTER/THE GERMAN/METEOROLOGY RqjDMN:
18.Emil Kirdorf, 8 April 1937, Text: 1;~1U 9V
THE GREAT/GERMAN/ECONOMIC/LEADER B';> Hk
19.Adolf Bartels, 1 May 1937, Text: QRh4f\fY
THE GERMAN/VORKAEMPFER {?} FOR/FOLK/CULTURE RENEWAL ~0r.3KTl"Y
20.Bernhard Nocht, 4 November 1937, Text: _3G)S+ 7#
THE DESERVING ONE/RESEARCHER AND PHYSICIAN Y+`-~ 88
21.Alexander Koenig, 20 February 1938, Text: l 3#dfW{
THE DESERVING ONE/RESEARCHER AND ZOOLOGIST (?3 \.tQ}}
22.Adalbert Czerny, 25 March 1938, Text: 4bi\$
THE OLD MASTER/the GERMAN/CHILD MEDICINE A*U'SCg(G
23.Robert von Ostertag, 20 April 1939, Text: ^PR ,TR.
THE DESERVING ONE/RESEARCHER/ON THAT AREAS/ THE VETERINARY/SCIENCE R*{?4NKG
24.Friedrich Karl, 14 May 1939, Text: 8+cpNX
THE DESERVING ONE/RESEARCHER AND/TROPICAL DOCTOR u0KZrz
25.Albert Pietzsch, 28 June 1939, Text: TdIFZ[<7
THE LEADER/AND PROMOTERS/the GERMANS/ECONOMY >!F ,y3"5S
26.Heinrich Sohnrey, 19 June 1939, Text: 3U.qN0]
THE GUARDIAN/AND MALE NURSES/RECOVERING/THE PEASANTRY J9c3d~YW
27.Julius Dorpmueller, 24 July 1939, Text: f>/ 1KV
THE ERNEUERER [?]RENEWER/THE GERMAN/RAILWAYS m`q> _*
28.Arthur Kampf, 28. September 1939, Text: $#W6z:
THE GERMAN/PAINTER `v2l1CQ: ^
29.Karl Muck, 22. Oktober 1939, Text: m_I$"ge
THE GREAT/CONDUCTOR |&'] ms5J
30.Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, 7. August 1940, Text: .FRF<_`^
THE GERMAN/INDUSTRIAL LEADER D\*_ul c]
31.Paul Kehr, 28. Dezember 1940, Text: Y8{1?LO
THE PROTRUDING {?]/RESEARCHER/MEDIEVAL HISTORY q=i< vc w
32.Heinrich Schnee, 4. Februar 1941, Text: wO)KQ~yX
THE GERMAN/ COLONIAL- / PIONEER 0BE^qe
33.Albert Brackmann, 24. Juni 1941, Text: Nb^:_0&H@
THE LEARNED ONE/RESEARCHER/GERMAN/HISTORY (w B[ ]O$@
34.Gustav Bauer, 1. Oktober 1944, Text:THE GREAT/GERMAN SHIP MACHINE-BUILDER gt(nZ
35.Hermann Röchling, 12. November 1942, Text: gdY/RD xn:
THE PIONEER/METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING / DEM VORKÄMPFER /OF THE SAAR "Fvl ZRfXj
36.Alfred Hugenberg, 3. März 1943, Text: &YKzK)@
THE PIONEER/OF THE GERMAN FILM INDUSTRY t3JPxg]0k'
37.Ernst Rüdin, 19. April 1944, Text: 31Mc<4zI8
THE PIONEER/the HUMANE ONE/HEREDITARY CARE [?] M= _CqK*
38.Paul Schultze-Naumburg, 10. Juni 1944, Text: P;pg+L.I
THE GERMAN/BUILDING MASTER wGX"R5
Lb 4!N` l
nDw 9
As I have already mentioned above, the translation of the inscription is quite literal and some meanings and words do not easily work. And errors are therefore my responsibility. I would be interested to hear from anyone with additional information. \>7- <7+I6
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Footnote. It is also possible that there were two further recipients and I have received correspondence regarding this from the Deutsches Museum. The names of these ‘possibles’ are: h ,G$e|[?
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ccAEN
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Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer – my research leads me to think he may have received it for his contributions to literature and drama. However, he does not fit the age criteria of the original award and was not on the lists I had seen previously. He received several other awards of this time period. One university biography lists him as receiving the following: v<4zcMv
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Goethemedaille 1932 -xlI'gNg7
2e &Zs%u
Goethepreis der Stadt Frankfurt 1937 &#.&xc2sRZ
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"Adlerschild" des Deutschen Reiches 1938 or possibly 1943 u#QQCgrs
ruVm8 BO
Kant-Plakette der Stadt Königsberg 1941 +H_Z!T.@
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Grillparzer-Preis der Stadt Wien 1944 WD]dt!V%
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Josef-Hofmann-Plakette 1958 6|9fcIh]B
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Wilhelm Kreis – Architect who was responsible for design of monuments and memorials for war dead, nominally under the direction of Speer but working for the German government. He also designed and built the main station in Meissen and the German Hygiene Museum in Dresden and planned the Gau Forum in Dresden, which was not built due to the outcome of the war. Possible recipient in 1942, unconfirmed 译文： 在不安的世界局势发展情况下，帝国主义两大军事集团为了摆脱国内政治经济危机、巩固垄断资本的统治而发动的非了正义的帝国主义战争，德意志帝国（第二帝国）也于1914年8月开始了第一次世界大战。在此后一战被击败的德国国内产生了各种各样的动乱不安。
1914年开始的第一次世界大战以德国的失败和第二帝国的瓦解而告终。战争也导致德国第一次建立了联邦共和国，这个共和国又称为魏玛共和国。也在此同时开始了鹰盾的制作（盾的初是由1919年被德国共和国所创作）。在此期间各种各样的德国单位都有他们自己的褒奖与装饰各部队也有（除铁十字勋章以外），而却没有正式的的全国性褒奖，于是提议决定设计此类全国性的盾形褒奖（非便携式的褒奖）。它被决定为让所选择的设计师以及艺术家提供一个合同设计这种全国性褒奖，这种奖励将会是德国共和国最高的全国装饰，授予条件则被认可为在一定领域有卓著成就者同时也褒奖作家的创作。
德国鹰盾的新褒奖由魏玛Government在1922 年11月15日设立，从这以后也将是代表在一定数量国民.同胞中的一种国家荣誉，以前的携带式奖牌.徽章被废止从此他们的荣誉也跟随第一次世界大战而结尾。[ 它被禁止使德国人接受外国Government的荣誉和褒奖。] 魏玛Government打破一些以前皇家同胞国家的奢华和传统设计，使其将盾创造出拥有全国性身份式样，突出德国国家的固有力量在第一次世界大战后恢复。 Reichskunstwart 办公室（个人认为是第三帝国时期的设计局）介入参与了此褒奖，接受了当时Government所派出的招标的设计。在设计和选择过程以后他们发布了相关新闻声明关于这个新荣誉褒奖的形式，当然这是后话。初期的这种设计外型与德国钱币硬币的设计类似，盾的整体特别是边缘处理等这些方面的技术相对需要较高的设计手段。1921年完成的盾反映出从钱币中所获得灵感是由约瑟夫·Wackerle 所赢取设计方案。盾的大小为108mm ，盾内字母横跨和熔铸古铜色的盾身以基本的plinth 以及特别个人题字。在魏玛时期授予的Government有字法和设计不同的样式未被合并，他们被做为自然的个人褒奖。一些其他的盾设计则有相当艺术性与规范性当然这些例子在第三帝国时期。 以下是魏玛时期的设计式样：
Government内部有对被进行提名的奖励者处理责任，例如：Ebert 做了第一褒奖 格哈特上尉在他的第60 个生日的时候就获得了共和国最高的这种荣誉褒奖。 魏玛在鹰盾的颁发同时通常还须进行由总统签字的书面类型证书授予，它被授予了从事各种科学研究、种类研究和文化或经济方面的人员，这些授予者年纪通常达到了70 或75岁左右 年轻的比较少。有非常少数的人员被非常授予 他们的部分盾残余在第二次世界大战后因为战争的结束一些便丢失或毁坏。
鹰盾褒奖更进一步的发展是1933年1月30日，希特勒竞选成功和他的德国社会主义工人党成为新Government上台执政后便建立了法西斯独裁统治，这也宣告了魏玛共和国的终结。于是他们对此进行了新的设计，原德国Government的老鹰标志在第三帝国时期进行了改变。图所显示的鹰徽盾是魏玛时期之后新设计出来的。仔细观察中会发现：老鹰设计的趋向简单化盾内鹰塑造出全身羽毛,鹰的身体.脖子和头有着紧密线条的互联。[另外介绍在后期的1944 年之前纪录被停止 由于战争情况和和比较早期的魏玛Government他所设计的一些地方被认为极端罕见。
(这是第三帝国时期所创作改良的
以下翻译有的为原文直译，可能会有不正确之处还请各位高手指正添加 感谢！
第三帝国鹰盾的获得者名单 :
1.Gerhart Hauptmann, 1922年 60岁获得:
诗人和哲学家- 奖励他对德国的工作以及贡献
2.Paul.Wagner, 1923年 80岁获得:
德国种族.文化研究者
3.Emil Warburg, 1926年 80岁获得：
德国物理实验创建者
4.Adolf von Harnack ，1926年 75岁获得:
德国教育工作者
5.Max Liebermann ，1927 年 80岁获得
6.Max Planck,1928年 70岁获得:
著名德国物理学家 7.Hans Delbrück，1928年 80岁获得:
著名德国历史研究员
8.Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Möllendorff, 1928 年80岁获得:
著名德国学者.教育家
9.Wilhelm Kahl, 1929 年 80岁获得:
著名德国学者.教育家
10.Lujo Brentano, 1929 年85岁获得:
著名德国社会主义推动者
11.Oskar von Miller， 1930年 75岁获得:
德国博物馆馆长
12.Friedrich Schmidt-Ott, 1930 年70岁获得:
德国科学家
13.Theodor Lewald,1930 年70岁获得:
德国体育官员.领导
14.Georg Dehio, 1930 年80岁获得:
德国教师.历史作家
15.Robert Bosch, 1931 年70岁获得:
德国著名的发明家 :
16.alter Simons, 1931 年70岁获得:
高级国际法法官
17.Duisberg, 1931 年70岁获得:
德国经济学家
18.Max Sering 1932 年 75岁获得:
农业学家
19.Ernst Brandes, 1932 年 70岁获得:
德国经济学家
第三帝国鹰盾的获得者名单 :
1. Eduard Schwartz, 1933 年8月22 日获得:
著名的历史研究家
2.Friedrich von Müller, 1933 年9月17 日获得:
著名的临床医学家
(1933年版)
3.Werner Koerte, 1933 年10月21 日获得:
卓著的外科医生
4.William Doerpfeld, 1933 年12月26 日获得:
研究古建筑学的大师
5.Hermann Stehr, 1934 年2月16 日获得:
德国诗人
6.Hugo Hergesell, 1934 年5月29 日获得:
气象研究员, 德国航空方面的促进者
7.Richard Bunch, 1934 年6月11 日获得:
德国音乐创作大师
8.Adolf Schmidt, 1934 年7月23 日获得:
学者
9.Theodor Wiegand, 1934 年10月30 日获得:
德国考古学家
(1934年版)
10.Julius Friedrich Lehmann, 1934 年11月28 日获得:
德国烈士？
11.Heinrich Finke, 1935 年6月13 日获得：
研究员
12.Ludwig Aschoff, 1936 年1月10 日获得：
德国研究员.研究范围健康.科学
13.Gustav Tammann, 1936 年4月20 日获得：
德国治金学大师
14.Ludolf von Krehl，1936 年6月25 日获得：
研究员.医师
15.Erich Marcks, 1936 年11月17 日获得：
著名德国历史作家
16.August Beer, 1936 年11月24 日获：
德国外科医生
17.Vladimir Peter Koeppen, 1937 年3月28 日获得：
德国气象学大师
18.Emil Kirdorf, 1937 年4月8 日获得:
德国经济领域的高级官员
19.Adolf Bartels, 1937 年5月1 日获得：
德国文化研究者
20.Bernhard Nocht, 1937 年11月4 日获得：
医师.医学研究员
21.Alexander Koenig, 1938 年2月20 日获得：
动物学家.研究员
22.Adalbert Czerny, 1938 年3月25 日获得：
德国儿童医学大师
23.Robert von Ostertag, 1939 年4月20 日获得：
兽医科学研究员
24.Friedrich Karl, 1939 年5月14 日获得：
研究员.医生
25.Albert Pietzsch, 1939 年6月28 日获得：
德国人经济学家
26.Heinrich Sohnrey, 1939 年6月19 日获得：
医师
27.Julius Dorpmueller，1939 年7月24 日获得： 德国铁路工作者
28.Arthur Kampf, 1939 年9月28日获得：
德国画家
29.Karl Muck, 1939 年获得:
音乐指挥家
30.Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, 1940 年8月7日获得：
德国工业界领袖
31.Paul Kehr, 1940 年获得：
历史研究员（中世纪） '
32.Heinrich Schnee, 1941 年获得：
德国殖民地工作者
33.Albert Brackmann, 24. Juni 1941 年, 文本: 德国历史研究员
34.Gustav Bauer, 1944 年获得
德国船机械工业学家
35.Hermann Röchling，1942 年11月获得 冶金工程学家
36.Alfred Hugenberg, 1943 年获得：
德国电影工业大师
37.Ernst R..din, 1944 年4月19日获得：
遗传学家
38.Paul Schultze-Naumburg, 1944 年获得：
德国建筑大师
The Eagle Shield of Germany
by Matt Gibbs
The origin of the Adlerschild des Deutches Reich's came about after the unrest and political reform within Germany following World War One. The turmoil within a defeated Germany in 1919 led to all kinds of unrest, the end result being the creation of the German republic. Before and during the war the various Germanic units and states had had their own awards and decorations, which [apart form the Iron Cross] were particular to their own troops and populations, there was no truly national German award. It was decided to offer a contract for a design for a national award to selected designers and artists for the creation of an award that would be a high national decoration of the republic to recognise outstanding life achievement.
The Eagle Shield of Germany was a brand new award which was introduced by the Weimar Government on 15th November 1922. This was to be the first among a number of national honours later to be introduced following the prohibition of portable medals and honours of the German states following the end of World War One. [It was also forbidden for Germans to accept the honours and awards of foreign governments.] The Weimar government wished to break with some of the old 'pomp' and traditions of the former Imperial German states and create it's own national identity, highlighting the inherent strength of the German nation recovering in the aftermath of World War One.
The Office of the Reichskunstwart was involved in the design of the award and sent out tenders in 1921.After the design and selection process they issued a press statement regarding the form of this new honour award. This detailed the reason behind the award and the new design of the Reichsadler. It gave the following observations; "The simplification of the eagle design relates to the shaping of the plumage, the tighter lines of the body neck and head. The design is produced in a strong relief which means this can be adapted to be suitable for the production of coinage because it is close to the edges of the borders and the relief height of the design means the technical achievements needed can be met." It was the winning design of Josef Wackerle who completed it in 1921 in response to the brief from the Treasury. The shield was 108m.m. across and made of cast bronze with a base plinth and special personal inscription on the reverse as well as the name of the recipient. On the obverse was the design of the Reichsadler. Apparently it came in a leather presentation case. This was the first appearance of the new Reichsadler on an award and the design became a model for other medals and awards manufacturers.
During the time of the Weimar government the presentation awards had different styles of lettering and design incorporated into the reverse, making the award of a more personal nature. Some of the shield reverses are quite artistic in comparison to the later standardised Third Reich examples. The pictures below serve to illustrate this variety of design:
The Ministry of the Interior had the responsibility for processing the nominations for the award on behalf of the Reichsprasident. Ebert made the first award of the Adlerschild to Gerhart Hauptmann on the occasion of his 60th birthday. This became the highest honour award of the Republic. It was usually accompanied in the Weimar period by a hand written letter from the President and was awarded to figures from the worlds of Science, Art and Culture or the Economy. Generally it was given to those who had reached 70 or 75 years of age.
There are very, very few of these awards remaining in the aftermath of World War Two, it is supposed that since the end of the war they have become lost or destroyed. 19 of these awards were made by the Weimar Republic and the complete list of recipients is below. There was a further development of this award after the 1933 elections and the National Socialist German Workers Party came into power. The shield's design was altered by the adaptation of the 'new' updated Reichsadler which incorporated the swastika. The shield was presented up to and during the war years to similar important figures. There were a further 38 presentations before the end of 1944 where records cease due to the war situation and as with the earlier Weimar design, are considered extremely rare.
The award pictured is one of those restyled by the the NSDAP after coming to power in 1933. This means that the eagle was re-designed to include the swastika wreath as a symbol of both the state and the government. The shield was presented where possible personally by Hitler. The pictured shield was awarded on the 4th February 1941 to the German Colonial Pioneer Heinrich Schnee. The scarcity of these awards, as previously mentioned, is such that the author has not been able to source a picture of the original Weimar period disc and is not aware of one coming onto the market in recent years. The author would be grateful to any reader with any additional information on this non portable award.
The author has reproduced this list of the recipients of the award and would like to acknowledge the work of Wolfgang Steguweit whose work printed in a German magazine a number of years ago was of considerable help in compiling this article. Grateful thanks also to Bill Stump for some additional facts and pictures supplied and also information via the world wide web including Marcus Wendel's own Third Reich Forum found at
If anyone has any further information on this award or of surviving awards the author would be grateful to receive it.
List of recipients of the Weimar Eagle Shield
1.Gerhart Hauptmann, 15. November 1922, 60th Birthday, Text:
DEM DICHTER UND SEHER / IN DESSEN WERK / DIE SEELE / DES DEUTSCHEN VOLKES / ZUM LICHTE RANG
[Poet and Philosopher - for his work and contributions to the German People]
2.Paul Wagner, 7. März 1923, 80th Birthday, Text:
DEM / BAHNBRECHENDEN / ERFINDER / DEM FÖRDERER / DER DEUTSCHEN / BODENKULTUR
[The innovative and inventive promoter of the German Blood and Soil culture]
3.Emil Warburg, 9. März 1926, 80th Birthday
DEM BEGRÜNDER DER DEUTSCHEN EXPERIMENTALPHYSIK
[The Founder of German Experimental Physics]
4.Adolf von Harnack, 7. Mai 1926, 75th Birthday, Text:
DEM TRÄGER DEUTSCHER BILDUNG
[For services to the German Education system] 5.Max Liebermann, 20. Juli 1927, 80th Birthday, Text: DEM MEISTER
6.Max Planck, 23. April 1928, 70th Birthday, Text:
DEM GROSSEN DEUTSCHEN PHYSIKER [The Great German Physicist]
7.Hans Delbrück, 11. November 1928, 80th Birthday, Text:
DEM GROSSEN DEUTSCHEN GESCHICHTSFORSCHER
[The great German Historical Researcher]
8.Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Möllendorff, 22. Dezember 1928, 80th Birthday, Text:
DEM GROSSEN GELEHRTEN / UND KÜNDER KLASSISCHER BILDUNG
[The great German Scholar and Classic Educationalist] 9.Wilhelm Kahl, 17. Juni 1929, 80th Birthday, Text:
DEM HÜTER UND GESTALTER DES RECHTS
10.Lujo Brentano, 18. Dezember 1929, 85th Birthday, Text: DEM GROSSEN WIRTSCHAFTSLEHRER UND FÖRDERER DEUTSCHER SOZIALPOLITIK
[Great promoter of German Socialist Politics]
11.Oskar von Miller, 7. Mai 1930, 75th Birthday, Text: DEM SCHÖPFER DES DEUTSCHEN MUSEUMS [Creator of the German Museum]
12.Friedrich Schmidt-Ott, 4. Juni 1930, 70th Birthday, Text: ]
DEM GROSSEN FÖRDERER / DER DEUTSCHEN WISSENSCHAFT
[The Great Promoter of German Science]
13.Theodor Lewald, 18. August 1930, 70th Birthday, Text:
DEM VERDIENSTVOLLEN REICHSBEAMTEN / DEM FÜHRER DES DEUTSCHEN SPORTS
[The Deserving German Official and Leader of German Sports]
14.Georg Dehio, 22. November 1930, 80th Birthday, Text: DEM LEHRER UND GESCHICHTSSCHREIBER / DER DEUTSCHEN KUNST
[Teacher and historical writer of German Arts]
15.Robert Bosch, 23. September 1931, 70th Birthday, Text:
DEM MANNE / RASTLOSER / ARBEIT UND / TÄTIGEN / ERFINDUNGSGEISTES
[The restless worker and great inventor]
16.Walter Simons, 24. September 1931, 70th Birthday, Text:
DEM HOHEN RICHTER / DEM FÖRDERER / DES VÖLKERRECHTS
[High Judge and promoter of International Law]
17.Carl Duisberg, 25. September 1931, 70th Birthday, Text:
DEM VERDIENSTVOLLEN FÖRDERER DEUTSCHER WIRTSCHAFT
[The deserving promoter of the German Economy]
18.Max Sering, 18. Januar 1932, 75th Birthday, Text:
DEM FÜHRER DER AGRARWISSENSCHAFT /DEM KÜNDER UND FÖRDERER DEUTSCHEN BAUERNTUMS
[The leader of Agrarian Science and promoter for German Pesantry] 19.Ernst Brandes, 70th Birthday, 11. März 1932, Text:
DEM FÜHRER DER / DEUTSCHEN LAND- / WIRTSCHAFT; DEM / HÜTER DER HEIMAT- / SCHOLLE
[The Leader of the German Economy within the Homeland]
List of recipients of the Third Reich Eagle Shield K)Where there are words included in capitals, these are the words which appear on the reverse of the Shield as the dedication below the recipients name. Apologies for the somewhat literal translation of the wording.
1.Eduard Schwartz, 22 August 1933, Text:
THE GREAT ANTIQUITY RESEARCHER LK
2.Friedrich von Müller, 17 September 1933, Text: THE GREAT CLINICIAN
3.Werner Koerte, 21 October 1933, Text:
THE OUTSTANDING SURGEON
4.William Doerpfeld, 26 December 1933, Text:
THE OLD MASTER of the RESEARCH ANTIQUE ARCHITECTURE
5.Hermann Stehr, 16 February 1934, Text:
THE GERMAN POET
6.Hugo Hergesell, 29 May 1934, Text:
THE LEARNED RESEARCHER of the AIR LAYERS, THE PROMOTER of GERMAN AVIATION
7.Richard Bunch, 11 June 1934, Text:
THE CREATOR AND MASTER of GERMAN MUSIC
8.Adolf Schmidt, 23 July 1934, Text:
THE DESERVING PROMOTER AND SCHOLAR
9.Theodor Wiegand, 30 October 1934, Text:
THE WELL-RENOWNED GERMAN ARCHEOLOGIST
10.Julius Friedrich Lehmann, 28 November 1934, Text:
THE EARNED FIGHTER FOR the GERMAN NATIONALITY
11.Heinrich Finke, 13 June 1935, Text:
RESEARCHERS EARNED
12.Ludwig Aschoff, 10 January 1936, Text:
THE EARNED ONE/GERMAN RESEARCHER/And TEACHERS ON the AREA/the health/SCIENCE -^xKG'uth
13.Gustav Tammann, 20 April 1936, Text: _BLSI8!N@
THE OLD MASTER/THE GERMAN/METALLURGY -MW(={#
14.Ludolf von Krehl, 25 June 1936, Text: ]-Y]Q%A4
THE DESERVING ONE/RESEARCHER AND PHYSICIAN R6@~
15.Erich Marcks, 17 November 1936, Text: `"=L
THE LEARNED ONE/GERMAN HISTORICAL WRITER 7 }MJK)
16.August Beer, 24 November 1936, Text: |VR5Q(d
THE HIGH-EARNED/GERMAN SURGEON Cv(N5mA2
17.Vladimir Peter Koeppen, 28 March 1937, Text: GKx,6E#JM
THE OLD MASTER/THE GERMAN/METEOROLOGY RqjDMN:
18.Emil Kirdorf, 8 April 1937, Text: 1;~1U 9V
THE GREAT/GERMAN/ECONOMIC/LEADER B';> Hk
19.Adolf Bartels, 1 May 1937, Text: QRh4f\fY
THE GERMAN/VORKAEMPFER {?} FOR/FOLK/CULTURE RENEWAL ~0r.3KTl"Y
20.Bernhard Nocht, 4 November 1937, Text: _3G)S+ 7#
THE DESERVING ONE/RESEARCHER AND PHYSICIAN Y+`-~ 88
21.Alexander Koenig, 20 February 1938, Text: l 3#dfW{
THE DESERVING ONE/RESEARCHER AND ZOOLOGIST (?3 \.tQ}}
22.Adalbert Czerny, 25 March 1938, Text: 4bi\$
THE OLD MASTER/the GERMAN/CHILD MEDICINE A*U'SCg(G
23.Robert von Ostertag, 20 April 1939, Text: ^PR ,TR.
THE DESERVING ONE/RESEARCHER/ON THAT AREAS/ THE VETERINARY/SCIENCE R*{?4NKG
24.Friedrich Karl, 14 May 1939, Text: 8+cpNX
THE DESERVING ONE/RESEARCHER AND/TROPICAL DOCTOR u0KZrz
25.Albert Pietzsch, 28 June 1939, Text: TdIFZ[<7
THE LEADER/AND PROMOTERS/the GERMANS/ECONOMY >!F ,y3"5S
26.Heinrich Sohnrey, 19 June 1939, Text: 3U.qN0]
THE GUARDIAN/AND MALE NURSES/RECOVERING/THE PEASANTRY J9c3d~YW
27.Julius Dorpmueller, 24 July 1939, Text: f>/ 1KV
THE ERNEUERER [?]RENEWER/THE GERMAN/RAILWAYS m`q> _*
28.Arthur Kampf, 28. September 1939, Text: $#W6z:
THE GERMAN/PAINTER `v2l1CQ: ^
29.Karl Muck, 22. Oktober 1939, Text: m_I$"ge
THE GREAT/CONDUCTOR |&'] ms5J
30.Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, 7. August 1940, Text: .FRF<_`^
THE GERMAN/INDUSTRIAL LEADER D\*_ul c]
31.Paul Kehr, 28. Dezember 1940, Text: Y8{1?LO
THE PROTRUDING {?]/RESEARCHER/MEDIEVAL HISTORY q=i< vc w
32.Heinrich Schnee, 4. Februar 1941, Text: wO)KQ~yX
THE GERMAN/ COLONIAL- / PIONEER 0BE^qe
33.Albert Brackmann, 24. Juni 1941, Text: Nb^:_0&H@
THE LEARNED ONE/RESEARCHER/GERMAN/HISTORY (w B[ ]O$@
34.Gustav Bauer, 1. Oktober 1944, Text:
35.Hermann Röchling, 12. November 1942, Text: gdY/RD xn:
THE PIONEER/METALLURGICAL ENGINEERING / DEM VORKÄMPFER /OF THE SAAR "Fvl ZRfXj
36.Alfred Hugenberg, 3. März 1943, Text: &YKzK)@
THE PIONEER/OF THE GERMAN FILM INDUSTRY t3JPxg]0k'
37.Ernst Rüdin, 19. April 1944, Text: 31Mc<4zI8
THE PIONEER/the HUMANE ONE/HEREDITARY CARE [?] M= _CqK*
38.Paul Schultze-Naumburg, 10. Juni 1944, Text: P;pg+L.I
THE GERMAN/BUILDING MASTER wGX"R5
Lb 4!N` l
nDw 9
As I have already mentioned above, the translation of the inscription is quite literal and some meanings and words do not easily work. And errors are therefore my responsibility. I would be interested to hear from anyone with additional information. \>7- <7+I6
bkIA:2HX
wE 2?/wb
6}2Lt[>O
Footnote. It is also possible that there were two further recipients and I have received correspondence regarding this from the Deutsches Museum. The names of these ‘possibles’ are: h ,G$e|[?
b\mN^P~>A
ccAEN
'"a8<7
Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer – my research leads me to think he may have received it for his contributions to literature and drama. However, he does not fit the age criteria of the original award and was not on the lists I had seen previously. He received several other awards of this time period. One university biography lists him as receiving the following: v<4zcMv
p9J( ,}
Goethemedaille 1932 -xlI'gNg7
2e &Zs%u
Goethepreis der Stadt Frankfurt 1937 &#.&xc2sRZ
1'U-n{fD
"Adlerschild" des Deutschen Reiches 1938 or possibly 1943 u#QQCgrs
ruVm8 BO
Kant-Plakette der Stadt Königsberg 1941 +H_Z!T.@
N]~q@x;<)3
Grillparzer-Preis der Stadt Wien 1944 WD]dt!V%
N?p $ -{
Josef-Hofmann-Plakette 1958 6|9fcIh]B
3[$VW+YV
;lldxS
Cv3H%g+as
Wilhelm Kreis – Architect who was responsible for design of monuments and memorials for war dead, nominally under the direction of Speer but working for the German government. He also designed and built the main station in Meissen and the German Hygiene Museum in Dresden and planned the Gau Forum in Dresden, which was not built due to the outcome of the war. Possible recipient in 1942, unconfirmed 译文： 在不安的世界局势发展情况下，帝国主义两大军事集团为了摆脱国内政治经济危机、巩固垄断资本的统治而发动的非了正义的帝国主义战争，德意志帝国（第二帝国）也于1914年8月开始了第一次世界大战。在此后一战被击败的德国国内产生了各种各样的动乱不安。
1914年开始的第一次世界大战以德国的失败和第二帝国的瓦解而告终。战争也导致德国第一次建立了联邦共和国，这个共和国又称为魏玛共和国。也在此同时开始了鹰盾的制作（盾的初是由1919年被德国共和国所创作）。在此期间各种各样的德国单位都有他们自己的褒奖与装饰各部队也有（除铁十字勋章以外），而却没有正式的的全国性褒奖，于是提议决定设计此类全国性的盾形褒奖（非便携式的褒奖）。它被决定为让所选择的设计师以及艺术家提供一个合同设计这种全国性褒奖，这种奖励将会是德国共和国最高的全国装饰，授予条件则被认可为在一定领域有卓著成就者同时也褒奖作家的创作。
德国鹰盾的新褒奖由魏玛Government在1922 年11月15日设立，从这以后也将是代表在一定数量国民.同胞中的一种国家荣誉，以前的携带式奖牌.徽章被废止从此他们的荣誉也跟随第一次世界大战而结尾。[ 它被禁止使德国人接受外国Government的荣誉和褒奖。] 魏玛Government打破一些以前皇家同胞国家的奢华和传统设计，使其将盾创造出拥有全国性身份式样，突出德国国家的固有力量在第一次世界大战后恢复。 Reichskunstwart 办公室（个人认为是第三帝国时期的设计局）介入参与了此褒奖，接受了当时Government所派出的招标的设计。在设计和选择过程以后他们发布了相关新闻声明关于这个新荣誉褒奖的形式，当然这是后话。初期的这种设计外型与德国钱币硬币的设计类似，盾的整体特别是边缘处理等这些方面的技术相对需要较高的设计手段。1921年完成的盾反映出从钱币中所获得灵感是由约瑟夫·Wackerle 所赢取设计方案。盾的大小为108mm ，盾内字母横跨和熔铸古铜色的盾身以基本的plinth 以及特别个人题字。在魏玛时期授予的Government有字法和设计不同的样式未被合并，他们被做为自然的个人褒奖。一些其他的盾设计则有相当艺术性与规范性当然这些例子在第三帝国时期。 以下是魏玛时期的设计式样：
Government内部有对被进行提名的奖励者处理责任，例如：Ebert 做了第一褒奖 格哈特上尉在他的第60 个生日的时候就获得了共和国最高的这种荣誉褒奖。 魏玛在鹰盾的颁发同时通常还须进行由总统签字的书面类型证书授予，它被授予了从事各种科学研究、种类研究和文化或经济方面的人员，这些授予者年纪通常达到了70 或75岁左右 年轻的比较少。有非常少数的人员被非常授予 他们的部分盾残余在第二次世界大战后因为战争的结束一些便丢失或毁坏。 鹰盾褒奖更进一步的发展是1933年1月30日，希特勒竞选成功和他的德国社会主义工人党成为新Government上台执政后便建立了法西斯独裁统治，这也宣告了魏玛共和国的终结。于是他们对此进行了新的设计，原德国Government的老鹰标志在第三帝国时期进行了改变。图所显示的鹰徽盾是魏玛时期之后新设计出来的。仔细观察中会发现：老鹰设计的趋向简单化盾内鹰塑造出全身羽毛,鹰的身体.脖子和头有着紧密线条的互联。[另外介绍在后期的1944 年之前纪录被停止 由于战争情况和和比较早期的魏玛Government他所设计的一些地方被认为极端罕见。
(这是第三帝国时期所创作改良的
以下翻译有的为原文直译，可能会有不正确之处还请各位高手指正添加 感谢！
第三帝国鹰盾的获得者名单 :
1.Gerhart Hauptmann, 1922年 60岁获得:
诗人和哲学家- 奖励他对德国的工作以及贡献
2.Paul.Wagner, 1923年 80岁获得:
德国种族.文化研究者
3.Emil Warburg, 1926年 80岁获得：
德国物理实验创建者
4.Adolf von Harnack ，1926年 75岁获得:
德国教育工作者
5.Max Liebermann ，1927 年 80岁获得
6.Max Planck,1928年 70岁获得:
著名德国物理学家 7.Hans Delbrück，1928年 80岁获得:
著名德国历史研究员
8.Ulrich von Wilamowitz-Möllendorff, 1928 年80岁获得:
著名德国学者.教育家
9.Wilhelm Kahl, 1929 年 80岁获得:
著名德国学者.教育家
10.Lujo Brentano, 1929 年85岁获得:
著名德国社会主义推动者
11.Oskar von Miller， 1930年 75岁获得:
德国博物馆馆长
12.Friedrich Schmidt-Ott, 1930 年70岁获得:
德国科学家
13.Theodor Lewald,1930 年70岁获得:
德国体育官员.领导
14.Georg Dehio, 1930 年80岁获得:
德国教师.历史作家
15.Robert Bosch, 1931 年70岁获得:
德国著名的发明家 :
16.alter Simons, 1931 年70岁获得:
高级国际法法官
17.Duisberg, 1931 年70岁获得:
德国经济学家
18.Max Sering 1932 年 75岁获得:
农业学家
19.Ernst Brandes, 1932 年 70岁获得:
德国经济学家
第三帝国鹰盾的获得者名单 :
1. Eduard Schwartz, 1933 年8月22 日获得:
著名的历史研究家
2.Friedrich von Müller, 1933 年9月17 日获得:
著名的临床医学家
(1933年版)
3.Werner Koerte, 1933 年10月21 日获得:
卓著的外科医生
4.William Doerpfeld, 1933 年12月26 日获得:
研究古建筑学的大师
5.Hermann Stehr, 1934 年2月16 日获得:
德国诗人
6.Hugo Hergesell, 1934 年5月29 日获得:
气象研究员, 德国航空方面的促进者
7.Richard Bunch, 1934 年6月11 日获得:
德国音乐创作大师
8.Adolf Schmidt, 1934 年7月23 日获得:
学者
9.Theodor Wiegand, 1934 年10月30 日获得:
德国考古学家
(1934年版)
10.Julius Friedrich Lehmann, 1934 年11月28 日获得:
德国烈士？
11.Heinrich Finke, 1935 年6月13 日获得：
研究员
12.Ludwig Aschoff, 1936 年1月10 日获得：
德国研究员.研究范围健康.科学
13.Gustav Tammann, 1936 年4月20 日获得：
德国治金学大师
14.Ludolf von Krehl，1936 年6月25 日获得：
研究员.医师
15.Erich Marcks, 1936 年11月17 日获得：
著名德国历史作家
16.August Beer, 1936 年11月24 日获：
德国外科医生
17.Vladimir Peter Koeppen, 1937 年3月28 日获得：
德国气象学大师
18.Emil Kirdorf, 1937 年4月8 日获得:
德国经济领域的高级官员
19.Adolf Bartels, 1937 年5月1 日获得：
德国文化研究者
20.Bernhard Nocht, 1937 年11月4 日获得：
医师.医学研究员
21.Alexander Koenig, 1938 年2月20 日获得：
动物学家.研究员
22.Adalbert Czerny, 1938 年3月25 日获得：
德国儿童医学大师
23.Robert von Ostertag, 1939 年4月20 日获得：
兽医科学研究员
24.Friedrich Karl, 1939 年5月14 日获得：
研究员.医生
25.Albert Pietzsch, 1939 年6月28 日获得：
德国人经济学家
26.Heinrich Sohnrey, 1939 年6月19 日获得：
医师
27.Julius Dorpmueller，1939 年7月24 日获得： 德国铁路工作者
28.Arthur Kampf, 1939 年9月28日获得：
德国画家
29.Karl Muck, 1939 年获得:
音乐指挥家
30.Gustav Krupp von Bohlen und Halbach, 1940 年8月7日获得：
德国工业界领袖
31.Paul Kehr, 1940 年获得：
历史研究员（中世纪） '
32.Heinrich Schnee, 1941 年获得：
德国殖民地工作者
33.Albert Brackmann, 24. Juni 1941 年, 文本: 德国历史研究员
34.Gustav Bauer, 1944 年获得
德国船机械工业学家
35.Hermann Röchling，1942 年11月获得 冶金工程学家
36.Alfred Hugenberg, 1943 年获得：
德国电影工业大师
37.Ernst R..din, 1944 年4月19日获得：
遗传学家
38.Paul Schultze-Naumburg, 1944 年获得：
德国建筑大师