九乡新闻网陶瓷基复合材料的应用:主谓一致应注意的问题
来源：百度文库 编辑：九乡新闻网 时间：2024/05/06 07:05:18
英语中谓语动词的数必须和主语的人称和数保持一致。一般情况下，普通单个的单数名词或复数名词作主语，其谓语动词的数我们容易判断，但遇到一些复杂的、并列的或特殊结构作主语时，同学们容易出错。但只要我们遵循了语法一致、意思一致和就近一致的三条原则，这问题的解决还是有规律可循的。
1. 两个名词由and连接作主语，不是指同一个人、同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词一般用复数。当and不表示并列意思，而是连接两个表示同一个人，同一物或同一概念时，谓语动词常用单数形式，如果名词前要加冠词，往往在第一个名词前才用，第二个名词前不用冠词修饰。常见的有bread and butter, war and peace, time and tide, a knife and fork， a cart and horse等。如：
(2) The English teacher and Chinese teacher are both young men.
(3) The singer and dancer is popular with the young people.
(4) Bread and butter is what they usually have for breakfast.
2.主语后面接有with, along with, together with, as well as,
（5）Professor Brown with a group of students was doing experiments at that time.
(6) Our headteacher, along with his students is going to play football this weekend.
3. 连词or, either …or…, neither …nor…, not only…but also…, not…but…, 等连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词通常与邻近的名词或代词保持一致。如：
（7）Was he or you singing in the room?
(8) Not only the students but also their teacher is interested in football.
4. 两个并列名词分别由every，each, many a, no等修饰，作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。如：
（9）Each boy and each girl has an English dictionary.
(11) No man and no animal is on the moon.
5. 由there, here开头构成的句型，主语不止一个词时，谓语动词常与邻近的名词或代词的数保持一致。如：
（12）There a lamp, two pens and four books on the desk.
(13) Here is a pen, some envelops and paper for you.
6.“more than one + 单数名词（不止一个……）”，“many a(许多)”虽然表示复数含义，但谓语动词与单数名词保持一致，习惯上用单数。如：
（14）More than one person is involved in this case.
（15）Many a students attended the lecture yesterday.
7. 不定代词anybody, anyone, anything, somebody, someone, something, everything, everybody, no one, nobody, nothing, each, the other等作主语时，谓语动词用第三称单数。如：
（16）Someone is waiting for you outside the school gate.
（17）Everything is ready for the meeting.
8.不定代词 neither, none 等单独作主语或跟of 短语时，可用单复数，neither作定语修饰单数名词时，谓语动词常用单数。如：
9. 分数或百分数+名词作主语，谓语动词与名词的数保持一致。如：
（20）More than 70% of the surface of our planet is covered by water.
(21) About three-fifth of the workers in the factory are women.
10. 表示时间、距离、金钱、重量等的复数名词或短语作主语时，常常看作一个整体，谓语动词用第三人称单。如：
（22）Another three years has passed.
(23) Thirty-six thousand francs is a big sum for the couple to pay off.
11. 短语a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a heap of, heaps of等加可数名词复数或不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词与of 后名词的数保持一致。如：
（24）Lots of damage was caused by the earthquake.
(25) Lots of us were invited at the last moment.
12. a large quantity of加可数名词复数或不可数名词 , a large amount of加不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数，但(large) quantities of, (large) amounts of 加不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，因为中心名词是quantities, amounts 。如：
(26) Quantities of water were polluted in the Songhua River.
(27) A large quantity of money was spent on the project.
（28）A large quantity of apples is sold to other big cities every year.
另外，短语a number of加复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数，而the number of加复数名词作主语谓语动词用第三人称单数，因为中心词是number。如：
13. 集合名词family, team, group, government, class, army, enemy, crew, staff, population等作主语时，如果强调整体，则用第三人称单数，如强调其中的成员，则用复数。如：
（31）The population in China is very large, and 80% of the population are farmers.
但有些集合名词，如：people, police, youth, cattle作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
（32）The police are running after the robber.
14. 有些名词是总是以复数形式出现，但并不一定表示复数概念，如：works(工厂)，means(方法，手段)，作主语时，谓语动词的数要根据句意来确定。如：
（34）Every means has been tried.
15.名词化形容词结构“the + 形容词或过去分词”，如：the rich, the poor, the blind, the old, the injured, the wounded作主语时，表示具体的某类人或事，谓语动词常常用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数。如：
(37) The beautiful lives forever.
16.不定代词 neither, none 等单独作主语或跟of 短语时，可用单复数，neither作定语修饰单数名词时，谓语动词常用单数。如：
17. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词要与先行词的数保持一致。在先行词前有one of修饰时，从句谓语动词与复数名词保持一致;在先行词前有the only one of, the very one of 等修饰时，从句谓语动词与one保持一致，用第三人称单数形式。如：
（40）The man who wants to see you is waiting for you at the gate.
(42)He was the only one of the men in the office who was invited to the ball.
18. 在It is(was)…that(who)…强调句型结构中，强调句子主语时，要注意谓语动词应与主语一致，而不是和who或that一致。如：
（43）It is I who am responsible to him for it.
巩固练习：
1. Either you or the headmaster__________ the prize to those gifted students at the meeting.
2. The number of the people invited _______ fifty, but a number of them ________ absent for different reasons.
3. —Each of the students , working hard at his or her lessons, ________ to go to university.
4. Not only I but Jane and Mary _______ tired of having one examination after another.
5. She is one of the few girls who _________ in the kindergarten.
6. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ______visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. （2004北京）
A. was
7. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book ________ 50 million. (2004福建)
A．have reached
8. All the employees except the manager______ to work online at home. （2004广东）
A. encourages
9. Of the making of good books there is no end; neither______ any end to their influence man’s lives. （2004广东）
A. there is
10. No one in the department but Tom and I __ that the director is going to resign. （2004上海春）
A. knows
11. Professor Smith, along with his assistant, _________ on the project day and night to meet the deadline.（05上海）
12. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _________ in the clothing industry.（2005辽宁）
A．is working
13. The country life he was used to _________ greatly since 1992. （2005山东）
14. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _________ each year. （2005山东）
A. is washing away
C. are washing away
答案解析：
1.D。either …or…连接主语时，谓语动词要根据就近一致的原则来确定，从句意来看，只有用be to do sth.来表示将来的动作
2.C。 The number of +复数名词，中心词是number, a number of +复数名词，中心词是复数名词，故选C。
3. B。句子主语是each of the students, 中心词是each, 现在分词working at his or her lessons作定语，故选B。
4. B。not only …but also…连接句子主语时，谓语动词由就近一致的原则来确定，故选B。
5. B。定语从句的谓语动词取决于先行词的数，该题先行词是the few students,它和pay之间是动宾关系，故选B。
6. A。单数名词后跟有作定语的介词短语修饰时，谓语动词与介词短语中的名词无关，其数取决于前面的单数名词，故选A。
7. A。sale 表示“销售额，销量”时，是可数名词，故选A。
8. D．解析同第6题。
9. C。neither单独作主语，谓语常用单数，谓语句首时，句子还应用倒装语序，故选C。
10. A。but Tom and I 是介词短语，对前面的名词或代词起修饰作用，句子主语是不定代词no one,故选A。
11. C。解析同第6题。
12. C。a number of+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，故选C。
13. B。life泛指生活时时是不可数名词，作主语是谓语动词用第三称单数，故选B。
14. D。a huge quantity of +不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用第三人称单数，huge quantities of+不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数，因为这两结构中中心词是quantity, quantities,故选D。