金字旁的字有哪些:新加坡英语媒体惊叹中国人汉语水平下降

新加坡英语媒体《海峡时报》6月30日刊登署名Jason Ou 的文章，题目是：“中国汉语水平下滑（Chinese language standards slip in China）”，文章认为中国人的汉语水平下滑的原因有3个：一是中国人热衷使用网络词汇，二是因为英语地位上升；三是因为电脑普及导致的书写水平下降。该文后面还解释了几个网络常用词： 

Magic horse is just floating cloud （神马都是浮云） • Meaning: Nothing is worth mentioning.

'Magic horse' in Chinese sounds like shen me, or 'everything' in this context. 'Floating cloud' indicates 'pure imagination'. The phrase is used mostly by netizens to express disappointment with issues such as social injustice.

River crab （河蟹）
• Meaning: Internet censorship.

'River crab' is pronounced he xie, similar to the Chinese words for 'harmony'. It is used to mock 'harmonious society', which is President Hu Jintao's pet slogan.

Geili （给力）
• Meaning: Great or awesome.

Borrowed from a northern dialect, it literally means 'giving power'.

Un-geili-vable
• Meaning: The opposite of geili; disappointing.
Naotaitao （闹太套）

 

Made up of three Chinese characters, it is a transliteration of 'not at all'.

The phrase has been used to make fun of people who do not speak English well, after a Chinese singer mispronounced 'not at all' in the English version of the 2008 Beijing Olympics theme song, One World One Dream.

My father is Li Gang This phrase is used to poke fun at the privileged class in China. It became immensely popular after the son of a senior Chinese official knocked down two people while he was drunk. Li Qiming challenged onlookers at the accident scene to take action against him by shouting 'My father is Li Gang'.  
海峡时报Jason Ou的文章“中国汉语水平下降”摘译转载如下（英语原文附后）：
　　参与高考阅卷的教师发现，许多考生都在试卷上使用“神马”一词。该词来自网络流行语“神马都是浮云”。越来越多的标准或传统中文表达方式正被网络语言所取代。一些教育家甚至警告称，中国或许正遭遇一场中文危机。

　　中国教育部近期一份报告表示，写得像电子邮件或博客的试卷是中文水平恶化的迹象之一，而网络语言的滥用正“削弱中国文化”。

　　对于所谓“拟声词”———例如“神马”（听起来像“什么”）———的过度依赖，应该被视为错误使用中文。该报告称，30%的北京大学生未能通过中国人民大学组织的一次中文水平考试。在满分为100分的考试中，70%的学生考分低于70分。中国媒体进行的调查表明，大部分人都认为中文水平下降是一个严峻问题。80%的受访者表示，一场中文危机正在逼近。40%的中国年轻人承认经常书写错误，而70%的人称他们很难写一封正式书信。
        与语言技巧类似，中国年轻人的书写水平也在下滑。电脑、手机和其他电子设备的普及，意味着中国人和其他国家的人一样，都在用键盘打字而非手写。调查发现，只有5%的受访者给亲朋好友写信，而绝大多数人都靠手机或互联网。

　　教育部的报告认为，除新媒体平台的普及外，中国人对外语尤其是英语的兴趣上升，是导致中文水平下降的又一原因。“在大学里英语比中文更重要，”大学生林家成（音）说，“英语是必修课，而中文是选修课。为找到一份好工作，我们都竞相获得英语证书。”华东师范大学语言学专家潘文国认为，中国的英语教育已走向极端。“幼儿园也在教英语。有些人甚至用英语进行胎教，”他说，“这传递出中文是次要语言的错误信号。”

　　杂志编辑朱景（音）表示，这导致学生在写中文时会受到英语影响，有些作家亦不例外。“在自己的母语水平都没有保障的情况下，这样推广英语学习难道不是本末倒置？”他说。

　　为改善国人中文水平，中国政府或许要求公务员报考者参加语言测试。“中文危机就是我们的民族危机，”潘文国警告说，“这关系到我们能否保持民族的独立自主。” The Straits Times Singapore
June 30, 2011 Thursday  
 
Chinese language standards slip in China;
Coining of cyberphrases and rise of English language blamed
 
Jason Ou CHINESE fondness for using phrases common on social media platforms, the rise of English and worsening handwriting as a result of widespread use of computers have left educators wringing their hands. Teachers keep seeing 'magic horses' in the college entrance exam scripts they are grading.

The two words come from a popular cyberphrase - shen ma dou shi fu yun, or 'magic horse is just floating cloud' - used by young Chinese to mean that nothing is worth mentioning.

Increasingly, standard or traditional Chinese expressions are being replaced by phrases coined in cyberspace.

Indeed, some educationists are even warning that the country may have a Chinese language crisis on its hands.

An Education Ministry report on Chinese language usage last month said that exam scripts written like an e-mail or blog were a sign of deteriorating language skills and that the overuse of newly coined expressions 'impairs Chinese culture'.

 Heavy reliance on similar-sounding words - for instance, shen ma (magic horse) sounds like shen me (everything) - should be considered as the wrong use of Chinese words, according to Mr Zhou Hong, Shanghai's chief examiner for China's nationwide college entrance examination.

The Education Ministry report revealed that three in 10 university students in Beijing failed a Chinese proficiency test conducted by Renmin University. About seven in 10 scored less than 70 marks out of 100.

A newspaper poll showed that most people agreed that declining Chinese language standards were a serious problem.

 Eighty per cent of those polled by China Youth Daily late last year said that a language crisis was looming. Two in five young Chinese admitted that they often wrote the wrong characters while seven in 10 said they would have trouble writing a formal letter. 'I learnt how to write a letter in primary school,' said postgraduate student Wang Ping. 'Anyway, I seldom write with a pen these days.' Like their language skills, the handwriting of young Chinese is also worsening, according to 85 per cent of those polled by the influential Guangming Daily. The widespread use of computers, cellphones and other electronic devices means that the Chinese - like people in other countries - write using the keyboard instead of with a pen.

'I hardly used a pen in my university days unless there was an exam,' said recent graduate Lin Jiacheng. 'At work, everything is done on computers, so who cares about handwriting''

The Guangming Daily's poll found that only 5 per cent of the respondents wrote letters to friends and contacts. The overwhelming majority reached for their mobile phones or used the Internet.

Aside from the popularity of new media platforms, growing Chinese interest in foreign languages - English in particular - is blamed for declining Chinese language standards, said the ministry's Chinese language usage report.

 'English is more important than Chinese in universities,' said Mr Lin. 'It's a compulsory subject, while Chinese is optional. My friends and I all flocked to get English language certificates so we could land a good job.'

Dr Pan Wenguo, a linguistics specialist at East China Normal University, blamed China's English education for going to extremes.

'English is being taught in kindergarten. Some people even promote prenatal education in English,' he told reporters recently. 'It sends the wrong signal that Chinese is less important.'

Magazine editor Zhu Jing said the result is that students writing in Chinese are sometimes influenced by English syntax. Not just students but also some noted writers are affected, he added.

'Isn't it putting the cart before the horse to push for English learning while the quality of mother tongue education is not guaranteed'' Mr Zhu, who edits Wenyi Zhengming, a well-known literary magazine, asked in a blog posting. In an attempt to raise Chinese language proficiency, the Chinese authorities may require job applicants who want to join, for example, the civil service to take a language test.

Pupils in primary and secondary schools will be taught the correct use of Chinese characters and how to write them, according to the Education Ministry.

'The Chinese language crisis is our national crisis,' warned Dr Pan. 'It concerns our survival as an independent people.'