辐射4战斗霰弹枪改造:攻击鹰的两次奇特的空中胜利

F15E攻击鹰是美国空军对地攻击的主要战机之一。尽管从空优战机F15发展而来，攻击鹰的主要任务是对地面目标的打击。因此其配备的武器主要以对地为主。90年代执行对地攻击任务时通常仅配备2枚响尾蛇近程红外空空导弹用于自卫，因此其空战能力十分有限。

战场上瞬息万变。作为对地攻击的战斗机，攻击鹰还是有空战的可能。但由于其任务性质以及自身武器装备，攻击鹰的对空作战并不令人满意。90年湾战爆发的第一天，一队攻击鹰前往伊拉克境内攻击编号H2的机场时受到3架米格-23以及2架米格-29的的威胁。攻击鹰本有两次很好的机会去得空战胜利。一架攻击鹰曾经紧追一架米格-29。但却很难获得其热信号。最终虽然发射了响尾蛇，但却没有命中。其他几架攻击鹰则追踪另外一架29。但也无果而终没有取得战绩。其中一架攻击鹰甚至从这架29旁飞过，但依旧无法有效锁定。

到了情人节，攻击鹰时来运转。这天美军特种部队潜入伊拉克境内作战。他们发现了5架伊拉克直升机后立刻要求增援。335战术联队的攻击鹰赶到现场前来助战。一架攻击鹰的红外监视装置获得了一架伊军米-24直升机的热信号后释放了一枚GBU-10激光制导炸弹。30秒后，攻击鹰的机组已为炸弹没有命中，正准备再放响尾蛇的时候突然间目标消失了。地面特种部队估计炸弹命中直升机时，其高度约为240米左右。这一战果直到2001年11月才最终获得确认。

湾战与91年3月停火。联军在伊拉克南北分别建立了禁飞区。尽管如此，伊拉克依旧使用武装直升机攻击北部的库尔德难民。在禁飞区执行监视任务的攻击鹰看到查姆查马尔德600名库尔德平民受到伊拉克直升机的攻击却无可奈何。因为他们没有获得开火的授权。这些攻击鹰以尽可能近的距离高速飞过伊拉克直升机，期望以其尾流吸住直升机的螺旋桨叶。他们也尝试采用激光照射直升机的驾驶室以图使飞行员失明。第二种方法并不奏效，但第一种方法确实导致一架米-24坠毁。

On August 1, 1990, Iraqi forces invaded Kuwait. On August 6, the US launched Operation *Desert Shield* to defend against any Iraqi moves southward against Saudi Arabia. The 1st Tactical Fighter Wing based at Langley AFB began deployment of its F-15C/Ds to Dhahran in Saudi Arabia. On August 12, F-15Es from the 336th TFS of the 4th TFW based at Semour Johnson AFB left for the Gulf. The F-15E Strike Eagle was still not completely ready for combat, since it did not yet have the targeting pod of its LANTIRN system installed.

The F-15C/Ds began to fly combat air patrols in cooperation with Saudi F-15Cs and British and Saudi Tornado F.Mk 3s, whereas the F-15Es began to train for the strike mission should that become necessary. During such a training mission, F-15E serial number 87-0203 crashed on September 30, 1990, killing both crewmen.

A second round of Desert Shield buildups took place in November of 1990. The 33rd TFW deployed its 58th TFS, equipped with F-15C Eagles, to Tabuk in western Saudi Arabia. The 53rd TFS of the 36th TFW based at Bitburg in Germany also deployed to Tabuk. Aircraft of the 525th TFS joined the 7440th Composite Wing based at Incirlik in Turkey. the 32nd TFS based at Soesterberg in the Netherlands also deployed to Incirlik. A second F-15E squadron, the 335th from the 4th TFW, moved to Al Kharj.

Operation Desert Storm began on the morning of January 17, 1991. Most of the air-to-air engagements during the war were fought by the F-15C, and most of these by pilots of the 58th TFS. 36 enemy aircraft were destroyed by USAF F-15Cs during the Gulf War, against zero losses. Many of the kills were against Iraqi aircraft caught by chance or attempting to flee to Iran. There was relatively little of the dogfighting at which the F-15 had been built to excel--most of the kills were made at BVR range by the AIM-7 Sparrow missile, which had performed so poorly in Vietnam but which turned in an outstanding performance in the Gulf War. Nine kills were made by the F-15C with the AIM-9 Sidewinder missile, and one kill was credited to a F-15C pilot who maneuvered his MiG-29 opponent into flying his aircraft into the ground. The F-15C"s 20-mm cannon was never fired in anger during Desert Storm. In addition, the AIM-120 AMRAAM missile was not fired in anger during the war, although there were more than 1000 "captive carries" of the missile during combat missions in the last few days of the war.

One F-15C (85-0102) scored three aerial victories during Desert Storm, although not all were scored by the same pilot on all three occasions. Two F-15C pilots are credited with three aerial victories apiece, although one of each pilot"s victories occurred on March 22, 1991, after the war was officially over.

Although the F-15E Strike Eagle was still not fully combat-ready, 48 F-15Es flew in the Gulf War. F-15Es joined other Coalition aircraft in searching for and attacking Iraqi "Scud" missile launchers. These Scud hunt missions were largely unsuccessful, but the F-15Es attacked many other Iraqi targets of opportunity. Most of these sorties were flown at medium altitudes, and the F-15E did not get much of a chance to demonstrate its low-level capabilities. Although only some of the F-15Es were equipped with their LANTIRN targeting pods by the end of the Gulf War, pilots claimed that 80 percent of the laser-guided bombs dropped by F-15Es hit their targets. However, difficulties were still being encountered in fully integrating the LANTIRN system with the F-15E. The commitment of the targeting pod to battle seems to have been premature, and the system was not employed in combat to its full capacities.

No F-15C/D Eagles were lost in combat, although two F-15E Strike Eagles were shot down by ground fire, one on Jan 18 (88-1689) and the other on Jan 19 (88-1692). The crew of the first plane were killed, the crew of the second were taken prisoner.

After the war was officially over, F-15Cs continued to carry out combat air patrols, enforcing the "no-fly" restrictions on Iraqi fixed-wing aircraft imposed under the terms of the cease-fire. On March 22, F-15C 84-0014 flown by Capt John T. Donski of the 22nd TFS shot down one of two Iraqi Su-22s with an AIM-9 missile, the other Su-22 making a hasty landing. On March 24, F-15C 84-0010 flown by Capt Thomas N. Dietz of the 53rd TFS shot down another Su-22 violating the no-fly order. This was Capt Dietz"s third kill, he having gotten a pair of MiG-21s on February 6. The pilot of another F-15C, Lt Robert Hehemann was able to claim a Pilatus PC-9 trainer which was flying in close vicinity of the downed Su-22 when its pilot baled out without a shot being fired. This was kill number three for Lt Hehemann as well.

Wartime experience with the F-15E was handed on to the F-15 Combined Test Force (CTF) at Edwards AFB, which is doing work on F-15E engine, software, radar, weapons, and LANTIRN development. Even after the Gulf War was over, work still had to be done to clear the F-15E for the full set of weapons it could carry, including the Mk 20 Rockeye and CBU-87 cluster bombs, Mk-82 and Mk-84 500-lb and 1000-lb bombs, AGM-65 Maverick missiles, and GBU-10 and GBU-15 laser-guided weapons.

On April 14, 1994, there was a tragic "friendly fire" incident over northern Iraq, when a pair of F-15Cs of the 52nd Fighter Wing enforcing the "no-fly" rule mistakenly shot down two UH-60 Blackhawk helicopters, killing 26 American and United Nations personnel who were carrying out humanitarian aid to Kurdish areas of Iraq. One of the helicopters was destroyed by an AIM-120, the other by a Sidewinder.

两颗星

击落一架伊拉克“幻影”战斗机。

Tate在其中

海湾战争图片。

google.com/books?id=Qo4-BUjKOksC&dq=f-15+gulf+war+operation&printsec=frontcover&source=in&hl=en&ei=B8_9SYmDNZLCMozVybcE&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=11#PPP1,M1

这本书名是《攻击鹰：海湾战争中的F-15E》

作者： William L Smallwood

上面是PDF文件地址，不长不长，如果有机会捡出几个精彩片断给翻译出来也好。

Strike Eagle: flying the F-15E in the Gulf WarBy William L. SmallwoodEdition: illustratedPublished by Brassey"s, 1997ISBN 1574881221, 9781574881226218 pages

“沙漠风暴”

沙漠风暴中的鹰

90年8月1日，伊拉克军队入侵科威特。8月6日，美帝发起沙漠盾牌行动，防御伊拉克对沙特大食国可能的入侵。兰利空军基地的第一战术战斗机联队的C号D号开始部署到沙特的达赫兰。8月12日，隶属约翰森空军基地第四战术战斗机联队336战斗机中队的攻击鹰前往海湾。攻击鹰当时尚没有做好战斗准备，因为当时用于地面的攻击的兰梯恩吊舱还没有安装。

不久，C号D号开始与沙特的C号以及英军的狂风一起执行战斗巡逻任务。而攻击鹰则为可能的地面打击任务作必要的训练。在训练中，编号为87-0203的攻击鹰于90年9月30日坠毁，两名机组人员全部丧命。

沙漠盾牌第二轮的军事集结于90年11月开始。隶属于33战术战斗机联队58战术战斗机中队的C号被派往沙特西部的塔布克。驻扎在德国比特堡的36战术战斗机联队53战术战斗机中队也被派往塔布克。第525战术战斗机联队加入第7440混成联队，驻防突厥国的因其尔立克空军基地。驻扎在荷兰索斯特堡的32战术战斗机中队也被派往因其尔立克。第二个攻击鹰中队，第4联队的335战术战斗机中队则被派往阿尔哈尔吉。

沙漠风暴行动于91年1月17日展开。绝大部分的空战由58中队的C号担当。C号在整个湾战中击落36架敌机，自己无损失。很多被击落的伊军战机是在遭遇时或在逃往波斯国时被击落。大部分战果发生于视距外，鹰所擅长的近距缠斗发生的相对较少。视距外的战果由麻雀取得。这种越战时的败家子终于在湾战时咸鱼翻身牛了一把。C号的另外9次胜利由响尾蛇取得。还有一次则使用机动导致一架支点坠地。120尽管在战争末期披挂上阵有1000次出击纪录却同20毫米机炮一样碌碌无为。

一架编号为85-0102的C号，在沙漠风暴中取得3次击落的战绩。但由不同的机师所获得。2名C号机师取得了3次击落的战绩。但他们各有一次是在战争正式结束后的3月22日所取得。

尽管攻击鹰没有完全做好战斗准备，仍有48架参与湾战。攻击鹰与其他联军飞机一起搜寻攻击伊军的飞毛腿发射架。这一任务并不成功。但攻击鹰伺机打击了很多伊军的其他目标。很多任务在中空执行使得攻击鹰没有很多展示其低空性能的机会。尽管只有部分攻击鹰配备了兰梯恩吊舱，机师们声称80%的激光制导炸弹命中了目标。在战场上投入兰梯恩吊舱似乎不太成熟。且系统也没有发挥全部的能力。

湾战中没有C号D号损失。两架攻击鹰被地面火力击落。1月18日被击落的88-1689上的机师双双毙命，1月19日被击落的88-1692上的机师双双被俘。

湾战正是结束后，C号继续执行空巡任务监督停火协议中规定的禁飞区对伊拉克固定翼飞机的飞行限制。3月22日，22中队的约翰顿斯基上尉驾驶的84-0014号鹰用响尾蛇撂倒了2名钳工中的一个。并迫使另一个紧急着陆。3月24号，53中队的托马斯迪茨上尉驾驶的84-0010号撂倒了另一名违反禁飞令的钳工。这是迪上尉的第三次空战胜利。2月6日，他曾干掉一双鱼窝。另一个C号机师，海曼中尉则在被撂倒的钳工附近干下一架皮拉图斯PC-9训练机。海中尉的胜利轻而易举，他未发一枪一弹迫使对手跳伞从而取得了他个人的第三次空战胜利。

攻击鹰的战时经验被传授给爱德华兹空军基地鹰联合试飞队。这些家伙一直忙于提升攻击鹰引擎，软件，雷达，武器及兰梯恩吊舱。即使湾战结束，他们还要面临大量工作使得攻击鹰可以携带所有他应该携带的装备。这包括MK20石眼炸弹，CBU-87集束炸弹，Mk-82型500磅炸弹，Mk-84型1000磅炸弹，小牛式导弹以及GBU-10和GBU-15激光制导炸弹。

94年4月14日在伊拉克北部发生了一起己方误伤的悲剧。执行禁飞区任务的52联队的两架C号击落了2架在伊拉克库尔德地区执行人道主义任务的黑鹰导致26名美国人及联合国人员丧命。击落黑鹰使用的分别为120和响尾蛇。