被子几天晒一次比较好:Voice varies on Libyan air strikes

来源：百度文库编辑：九乡新闻网时间：2024/04/26 13:06:47

Voice varies on Libyan air strikes

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2011-3-22 08:23

Rare diplomatic agreement between UK and France in more than a decade

The British military are in action over Libya, David Cameron confirmed, as an international coalition opened fire against Gaddafi's air defences.

The UK Prime Minister said 'what we are doing is necessary, legal and right' as he confirmed British military operations had begun.

Britain, the U.S., France, Canada and Italy were all launching strikes tonight according to U.S. sources in the biggest international military intervention in the Arab world since the 2003 Iraq war.

Coalition troops fired more than 110 cruise missiles at Libyan targets in 'only the first phase' of a multiphase operation, a senior U.S. military official said on Saturday.

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Vice Admiral Bill Gortney, director of the U.S. military's Joint Staff, declined to discuss what the next phase of the operations would be. He said more than 20 sites had been targeted in coalition strikes so far.

A UK submarine is understood to have been stationed in the Mediterranean for some time without being detected.

Mr Cameron said Colonel Gaddafi had stepped up his campaign against his people despite announcing a ceasefire.

The Prime Minister said 'we should not stand aside while a dictator murders his people' as reports suggested explosions had been heard in the capital Tripoli.

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Up to 20 French planes were said to be patrolling the air above Libya enforcing the no-fly zone and had destroyed four Libyan tanks in air strikes.

This is the first time in more than ten years that UK and France reach an agreement in their diplomacy.

The U.S. Navy had fired Tomahawk missiles at coastal Libyan air defences from their submarines, according to reports.

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The Chief of Defence Staff's strategic communications officer Major General John Lorimer said: 'I can confirm that British Armed Forces, as authorised by the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973, have participated in a co-ordinated strike against Libyan air defence systems.

French Defence Ministry spokesman Thierry Burkhard said the first strike had been reported at around 4.45pm on a military vehicle.

French President Nicolas Sarkozy announced that his country's air force was operating in the skies over Libya, while further French fighters stood ready to target Gaddafi's tanks and armoured vehicles.

Mirage and Rafale fighters were patrolling the skies above Benghazi and could be used to target Libyan tanks as they shell civilian areas of the city.

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US, and other NATO member states: wait and see

A Russian foreign ministry tonight said they 'regret' the military action being taken by the West.

U.S. Secretary of State Hilary Clinton said they would support the international coalition - but would not deploy troops on the ground.

'The US will not deploy ground troops but there should be no mistaking our commitment to this effort,' she said.

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'Colonel Gaddafi continues to defy the world and his attacks on civilians go on. As President Obama has said, we have every reason to fear that left unchecked, Gaddafi will commit unspeakable atrocities.

'We all recognise that further delay will only put more civilians at risk.'

A U.S. official said the Navy was planning a sea-launched missile attack from the Mediterranean against elements of Libya's coastal air defences.

The U.S. has submarines, destroyers, amphibious assault and landing ships in the vicinity.

Besides, Germany and turkey seem to be hesitate in this intervention. Although they did take action, the vessels they sent are the slowest ones.

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2011-3-22 08:25

Comparing with them, UK is more determined. RAF fighter jets were deploying to the Mediterranean to join the international effort to protect Libya's people from aerial assault by Gaddafi's forces.

Neither the Ministry of Defence nor Downing Street would last night confirm whether any RAF planes had set off on their mission, codenamed Operation Ellamy, or where they would be based in the Mediterranean.

Mr Cameron yesterday said that Typhoons and Tornados, together with surveillance and air-to-air refuelling craft, would be ready to leave within hours.

Gerard Araud, French ambassador to the UN, said: 'So I guess that after this summit, I think that in the coming hours, I think we will got to launch the military intervention.'

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President Obama has made it clear that any military action would aim to change conditions across the whole of Libya - rather than just in the rebel-held east.

He said: 'All attacks against civilians must stop. Gaddafi must stop his troops from advancing on Benghazi, pull them back from Ajdabiya, Misrata and Zawiyah, and establish water, electricity and gas supplies to all areas.

'Humanitarian assistance must be allowed to reach the people of Libya.

'Let me be clear, these terms are not negotiable. If Gaddafi does not comply... the resolution will be enforced through military action.'

Opposition from Russia, China and Arab League

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2011-3-22 09:21

Russian President Vladimir Putin said on Monday a UN resolution authorising military action in Libya resembled "medieval calls for crusades" after Western forces launched a second wave of air strikes.

"The resolution by the Security Council, of course, is defective and flawed," Russian news agencies quoted Putin as telling workers on a visit to a missile factory.

"I am concerned about the ease with which the decision to use force was taken," he said.

China's official newspapers on Monday stepped up Beijing's opposition to air attacks on Libya, accusing nations backing the strikes of breaking international rules and courting new turmoil in the Middle East. China also did not veto the UN resolution.

China "expressed regret" over the use of military force in Libya. China's rare acquiescence moved it further away from its longstanding foreign policy based on non-intervention.

"The Chinese side has always opposed the use of military force in international relations," a government statement said after military strikes against Libya. The attacks are part of a European-led effort to establish a no-fly zone over the country and shake support for Libyan strongman Col. Moammar Gadhafi.

Analysts said the government's decision Thursday not to veto a Security Council resolution to approve the use of force in Libya reflects changes in Beijing's diplomatic strategy as its global interests become more extensive and complex.

China has in the past abstained or voted in favor of sanctions or military force only in cases where countries violated international nonproliferation rules or invaded another country. But Chinese analysts said they couldn't recall a previous instance where China had allowed the Security Council to pass a resolution based on humanitarian concerns alone.

Shi Yinhong, a scholar of international affairs at Renmin University in Beijing, said that the speed of recent events in Libya likely drove Beijing's acquiescence.

Mr. Shi said China's role in last week's vote was part of an emerging pattern at the U.N. of succumbing to demands by other member states. "At first China is extremely reluctant" about a proposed measure, "then they have some consultations with...other countries, and China revises its position to some degree," Mr. Shi said.

Beijing's evolving behavior at the U.N. is driven partly by its rising economic power and its widening web of global ties as Chinese companies expand internationally, analysts say. That gives it a vested interest in the internal affairs of other countries.

"China used to have a rigid non-interference policy," Dennis Blair, the Obama administration's former Director of National Intelligence, said in an interview Friday in Beijing, where he has been meeting with Chinese energy officials last week. "Now, they are taking a more mature, sophisticated view of what their interests are."

On Sunday, the Arab League's Secretary General Amr Mussa expressed misgivings about the air strikes, even though the 22-member Arab body on March 12 called for a no-fly zone and declared that Gadaffi had lost his legitimacy.

"What has happened in Libya differs from the goal of imposing a no-fly zone and what we want is the protection of civilians and not bombing other civilians," Mussa told reporters.

"From the start we requested only that a no-fly zone be set up to protect Libyan civilians and avert any other developments or additional measures," he added.

Reactions around the Middle East

Only Syria remains adamantly opposed to the military intervention in Libya, but other governments are reluctant to give wholehearted support

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2011-3-22 11:10

Libyan supporters of Muammar Gaddafi fight with his opponents in front of the Arab League building in Cairo, Egypt.

Iraq

A mounting casualty toll after the third day of western air strikes in Libya has done little to change attitudes in Iraq, which remains broadly supportive of the military campaign.

Iraq's politicians have either remained mute or cautiously supportive as the eight-year anniversary of the US invasion passes.

"I feel sorry for the Libyans," said Asmaa al-Mousawi, a member of the parliamentary foreign affairs committee. "I blame the Arab League and diplomats who kept quiet for so long that it became necessary for the international community to become involved."

He said the head of the Arab League, Amr Moussa, had not explained his apparent about-face. "He said he is against the killing of civilians, but there are no military attacks without civilian sacrifice and we should accept that," al-Mousawi said.

The view from the street was similar. "I believe it is the right of the people to protest against tyrants," said Ahmed Ismail, 30, a shopkeeper. "It is a very good UN resolution. It tells all leaders to be fair with their people. The UN is legitimate and it is the right option to get rid of Muammar Gaddafi."

Bahrain

Bahrainis and their rulers are in rare accord – but for vastly different reasons – regarding action on Libya as civil woes continue in the tiny Gulf state.

The kingdom has not taken a public line on the military campaign as it battles to contain its own uprising, but has swung behind the Gulf Cooperation Council viewpoint, which has supported moves to protect Libyan civilians.

The country's opposition sees a precedent in Libya that they are demanding is repeated in their homeland. They claim the Bahrain regime does not protect their interests and has used lethal force to attack them during the last two months, in which an estimated 16 protesters have been killed. The government has said it has been trying to restore law and order and suppress a foreign-backed coup, led by Iran.

Reporting of the Libyan campaign in state media has been detached and factual.

Qatar

Qatar has taken the strongest line among Gulf states on the Libyan campaign, sending jets and other military support. That support does not appear to have troubled the country's citizens, who have also seen members of the small Qatari military being deployed to Bahrain to quell a popular uprising there.

"It is no secret that Qatar has a clear stance in condemning Gaddafi's acts of violence and murder, which have been perpetrated by the Gaddafi regime since the first moments of the Libyan revolution," said the al-Qana newspaper.

"What has happened there went from confrontation between unarmed people and police to war against the people, complete with the participation of mercenaries. We made a historic stand with Libya to urge the UN resolution."

Egypt

Egyptians continue to view the Libyan revolution through the mirror of their own experiences, in which Hosni Mubarak, an autocrat in place for more than three decades, was ousted by a relentless popular uprising. Support for the western military intervention seems close to overwhelming.

Egypt's military stayed neutral throughout the 18-day internal revolution and the scenes of Gaddafi's troops attacking civilian towns galvanised support among those who managed to topple a dictator through relatively peaceful means.

Gaddafi has had 10 more years in office than Mubarak achieved and has never enjoyed a warm relationship with his eastern neighbour, which views him as erratic and unpredictable.

A commentator in al-Destour newspaper, Hamza Moussa, said: "The UN resolution was a legal authority to stop his crimes against human rights. Gaddafi threatened his people and the west. He gives himself illusions of victory through all the false news on his TV channels and we should ban them."

UAE

The Gulf emirates are backing the western intervention and there has been little criticism of the venture in local press.

Abdul Rahman al-Atiyah, the secretary general of the Gulf Cooperation Council, speaking in Abu Dhabi confirmed the UAE was part of a coalition formed to deal with the threat from Gaddafi's troops to Libyan civilians, but would not confirm that meant it was taking part in military action.

Aal-Atiyah said the foreign role being played in Libya was not an occupation.

Abu Dhabi's English language newspaper, The National, said Arab unity was paramount. "More than ever, the Arab world needs to speak in a unified voice," it said. "Conflicting statements, and any subsequent hesitation with the mission, can only serve Gaddafi's regime.

"Gaddafi's opponents were victims of serious atrocities and faced potential annihilation. But it must be remembered that Tripoli and other pro-Gaddafi strongholds contain a large number of civilians who deserve the same protection as those among the opposition."

Syria

Syria's government, largely silent during the pro-democracy protests across the region, has been adamantly opposed to foreign intervention in Libya. Algeria and Syria were the only Arab countries to vote against the UN resolution to impose a no-fly zone – a move which led to rallies against Syrian president Bashar al-Assad in the Libyan rebel stronghold of Benghazi.

The two countries have friendly relations but analysts say the government's view is based on self-interest. "It does not want to set a precedent of outside interference," said one analyst in Damascus who requested anonymity.

Syria's media has given extensive coverage to events in Libya, leading with the views and speeches of Gaddafi. As the Syria regime faces mounting pressure at home after four days of protests in the southern city of Daraa, both state broadcasters and the tightly controlled private-owned press have given prominence to Gaddafi's resistance to coalition air strikes.

But sympathy for the Libyan rebels and anger at Gaddafi is widespread on the streets of Damascus. "[The UN resoluion] has charged people up and made us think it's time for freedom," said the analyst. But Gaddafi's brutal response to the rebellion has also provoked fear, with many Syrians viewing his tactics as a taster of what could come if protests continue at home.

Some see the intervention in Libya as a sign that the international community will not allow a replay of the 1982 Hama massacre, in which up to 40,000 people were killed in the aftermath of a failed uprising by the Muslim Brotherhood.

Others doubt the international community would have the appetite for intervention in Syria.

Such a split between the government's foreign policy and public opinion is rare. Previously Assad said Syria would not experience unrest because his foreign policy positions were in line with those of the population.

Iran

The Iranian regime has expressed suspicion over the military intervention in Libya despite supporting the revolt against Gaddafi.

The Iranian foreign ministry spokesman, Ramin Mehmanparast, described the air strikes as a new form of colonialism but said Iran would support the legitimate demands of the anti-Gaddafi rebels.

Iran's Isna state news agency quoted Mehmanparast as saying: "[The countries involved in the coalition] enter usually with seductive slogans of supporting the people but they follow their own interests in ruling the countries and continuing colonialism in a new form."

Iran's state media has been relatively quiet about the intervention in Libya. "State-run news agencies, TV and radio channels in Iran have devoted significant coverage to what is happening in Libya but they have reduced their coverage since the air strikes," said an Iranian journalist based in Tehran who asked not to be named.

An Iranian student who did not wish to be named said: "I don't think people in Iran agree with the western governments on the air strike on the pro-Gaddafi forces, I think it reminds them of what happened in Afghanistan and Iraq where many innocent civilians were killed. Iranians are worried of a new Iraq in Libya."

"Iranians are now more sensitive to what's happening in Bahrain and Yemen, where Shia Muslims are directly involved in the conflicts against the ruling authorities, rather than Libya," the student said.

Iranian authorities have repeatedly spoken out against the violence used by Bahraini and Yemeni authorities in quelling pro-democracy protesters. Iran has also warned against the Saudi Arabian military presence in Bahrain.

Last week, President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad warned against the enforcement of the no-fly zone but added that Iran condemned Gaddafi's bombardment of Libyan's people.

Speaking to a Spanish television TVE in Tehran, he said: "I think that military intervention would make things even worse. We have the experience of Iraq and Afghanistan. It made things worse, not better.

"The westerners have to cast aside their colonialist ambitions … I hope the European and US governments do not intervene in the affairs of this region and let the people of this region decide their future."

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2011-3-22 11:22

UN Security Council has authorized the West allies to set up “No-fly” Zone for the sake of preventing civilians’ bloodshed, but never authorized the West to launch a war. UN okayed “all the necessary measures to take to protect the Libya civilians, but never okayed victimizing the civilians for oil.

Do you think the ongoing air strikes are all on the legal basis? Do you believe the West has the right to prop up the anti-government organization to push the so-called Democracy in a sovereign country ?

All that is going on in Libya is really for a legal mission?

Legal Illegal

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