科学研究：别忧虑，要开心，活得更长

(Reuters) - Today's lesson: be happy, live longer. Now science seems to back the glass half-full approach.

（路透社）今天要讲的是：开心一点，活的久一点。现在的科学看上去更接近半瓶水满的状态。

A review of more than 160 studies on the connection between a positive state of mind and overall health and longevity has found "clear and compelling evidence" that happier people enjoy better health and longer lives.

有人总结了超过160个寻找正面思维与健康长寿之间联系的研究，并最终发现了“明晰且不容忽视的证据”，这些证据表明开心的人健康状况更好，活得更长久。

In fact, evidence linking an upbeat outlook and enjoyment of life to better health and longer life was stronger even than that linking obesity to reduced longevity, according to the review published on Tuesday in the journal "Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being."

实际上，证据表明，对生活积极的期待和足够的满意感会增加健康和长寿，这比肥胖会减少寿命更加明显。

"I was almost shocked, and certainly surprised, to see the consistency of the data," said Ed Diener, the University of Illinois psychology professor emeritus, who lead the review.

“看到这些数据的一致性，我几乎被惊呆了，至少是非常吃惊”Ed Diener，伊利诺斯大学心理学系名誉教授说，这次回评是由他带头的。

While Diener said a few studies he reviewed found the opposite, the "overwhelming majority ... support the conclusion that happiness is associated with health and longevity."

当然Diener也说，在他的回顾总发现了一些对立的数据，但是“压倒性的大多数……支持幸福生活跟健康和长寿有关的论点。”1

The review looked at eight different types of long-term studies and experimental trials of both human and animal populations.

这项回评着重调查了8种不同的长期研究，以及一些在人和动物身上都进行的试验。

For example, 5,000 university students studied for more than 40 years provided evidence that the most pessimistic students tended to die younger.

比如，前后有5000个大学生参与，超过40年的证据表明，精神抑郁的学生更容易早死。1

In the laboratory, positive moods were found to reduce stress-related hormones, increase immune function and help the heart recover following exertion.

在研究中发现，积极的思维方式可以减少与压力相关的荷尔蒙，增强免疫功能，还可以帮助心脏更好的完成任务。

Animals who lived in stressful conditions such as crowded cages had weaker immune systems and a higher susceptibility to heart disease, and died at a younger age than those in less crowded conditions.

居住在拥挤牢笼中的动物，由于环境压力，自身的免疫系统更弱，而且很可能会发生心脏疾病，并且比那些居住在宽敞环境中的动物更容易早死。

Diener noted that while current health edicts focus on obesity, smoking, eating habits and exercise, "it may be time to add 'be happy and avoid chronic anger and depression' to the list."

Diener强调说，当前的健康公告更多的聚焦在肥胖、吸烟和饮食习惯以及锻炼上，“或许应该加上‘生活的幸福一点，避免长期的生气和压抑’”。

(Reporting by Chris Michaud; Editing by Barbara Goldberg and Greg McCune)

（Chris Michaud报道；Barbara Goldberg和Greg McCune联合编辑）