萧皇后嫁了几个人:精彩语法复习讲义（5）o

第五节 被动语态

一、被动语态的构成

英语中主要有十个被动语态.

二、被动语态与“连系动词 be+过去分词”结构的区别

1、如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。
例如:The glass is broken．玻璃杯碎了。（系表结构）
The glass was broken by the boy．玻璃杯被那男孩打碎了。（被动语态）

2、如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。如：
The magazine is published in Shanghai．这家杂志出版于上海。（被动语态）
The door is locked．门锁着。（系表结构）
The door has already/just been locked．门已经/刚刚被锁上。（被动语态）
The shop is opened．这家商店开门了。（系表结构）
The shop is opened at 8 a.m. everyday．这家商店每天上午八点开门。（被动语态）

3、被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。所以下列句子都是被动语态：
The machine is being repaired. 机器正在修。
A new school will be built here. 这里将要建一所新学校。 　
　
4、常用的过去分词结构如下：
过去分词作形容词引出的介词不一定都是by, 因此我们许注意常用的固定搭配：
be acquainted with be annoyed with
be contented with be covered with
be disgusted with be gratified with
be satisfied with be exhausted with
be ashamed of be beloved of
be convinced of be made of
be tired of be amazed at
be astonished at be disappointed at
be surprised at be terrified at
be absorbed in be caught in
be interested in be devoted to
be known to be involved in

三、被动语态的考点

1、不能用于被动语态的动词和词组come true, consist of, take place, happen, become, rise, occur, belong, break out, appear, arrive, die, fall, last, exist, fail, succeed
It took place before liberation.
After the fire, very little remained of my house.
This knife cuts easily. 这刀子很好用。

2、下列动词的主动语态表示被动意义, 而且常与well, quite, easily, badly等副词连用。lock ( 锁 ) ; wash ( 洗 ); sell ( 卖 ); read ( 读 ); wear ( 穿 ); blame (责备)；ride (乘坐)； write ( 写 )；let (出租)等。如：
I was to blame for the accident. 那件事故我应该承担责任。
Glass breaks easily. 玻璃容易破碎。
The car rides smoothly. 这车走起来很稳。
The case locks easily. 这箱子很好锁。
The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。
need, require, want, worth (形容词), deserve后的动名词必须用主动形式。
The door needs repairing. = The door needs to be repaired.
This room needs cleaning. 这房间应该打扫一下。
This book is worth reading.　这本书值得一读。
有些常用经典被动句型：
It is said that…　　 据说 …　　
It is reported that… 据报道 …　　　
It is believed that…　大家相信 …　　　　　
It is hoped that…　大家希望 …
It is well known that… 众所周知 …　　
It is thought that…　大家认为 …
It is suggested that…　据建议 …　　　　　
It is taken granted that…　 被视为当然 …　
It has been decided that… 大家决定 …　　
It must be remember that…务必记住的是 …
It is said that she will leave for Wuhan on Tuesday.