药物输送精准到达靶点:英语词汇与语法基础知识教师版:冠词 0

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初中英语分类练习
——冠词部分
【复习目标】
▲掌握定冠词与不定冠词的用法。 
【课前准备】
●要求学生对冠词的用法作一归纳。 
【知识要点】
(一)不定冠词a,an的用法如下:
a用于辅音音素开头的词前,an用于元音音素开头的词前。
值得注意的是:
A. 如果不定冠词后面第一个词以元音字母u开头就用a。例如university, useless, useful, unit, uniform。
B. 如果不定冠词后面第一个词以不发音的h开头,而h后面第一个音的音素是元音因素,就用an。例如hour, honest。
C. 如果不定冠词和名词前有其他词,不定冠词的形式仍取决于它后面第一个词的语音形式。例如an actress, a beautiful actress。
1表示人或事物的某一类(含义相当于一类事物的任何一个)
A dictionary is a useful book.
An underground train can start and stop quickly.
2用于表示数量、时间的名词前,表示“一”的意思,但数的概念没有one强烈。The plan will be ready in a day or two, once a week.
3.泛指某人或某物,但未具体说明何人、何物,如:
A boy is waiting for me.
Give me a pen, please.
4用于某些固定短语中
如: a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a hurry, for a while, for a long time, a cup of, a bottle of, have a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have(take) a walk, have a toothache, take a bath, give a lesson
(二)定冠词用法如下:
定冠词的用法如下:
1.指彼此都知道的人或事物,如:
Open the door, please.
Go and close the window.
2.特指某(些)人或某(些)事物,如:
The girl in red is my sister.
The man over there is our English teacher.
The book on the desk is mine.
3.指前面提到过的人或事物,如:
Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father works in the factory.
4.用在序数词和形容词最高级前,在方位词前。如:
The Nile is the longest river in the world.
He won the first prize.
The sun rises in the east.
5.用在某些名词化的形容词,过去分词前,表示一类人或事物, 如:
the rich, the sick, the new , the false
6.用在某些专用名词前, 如:
the Great Wall
the People’s Republic of China
the United Nations
the Netherlands
7.在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面,如:
the North China Plain
the Rocky Mountains
the Yangtse River
8.在一些用语中,如:
in the morning(/afternoon/evening), in the day, by the way, on the whole, the next morning, all the year around, the other day, at the same time
(三)不用冠词的情况
1.专有名词人名,地名,节日,月份,年份,星期和不可数名词(一般指物质名词和抽象名词)前一般不用冠词。如:
China, Beihai Park
2.名词前面已有用作定语的 this, that, my, your, some, any , no等代词作定语时,不用冠词。如:
The letter is from my father.
I have a book in my hand.
3.在复数名词表示一类人或事物时,如:
Horses are useful animals.
I like cakes.
4.在节日名称,(称呼语和表示官衔的名词前)星期、月份、季节前。如:
Today is Sunday.
Spring is the best season in the year.
Children’s Day
5.表示某一类人或事物的复数名词前。 
6.球类,棋类,语言,三餐,游戏名称和颜色前不加冠词。如:
I like to play basketball.
We have lunch at school.
7.在表示家庭成员名称,称呼语,表示头衔或职务的名词前不加冠词。
8. 在某些固定搭配和习惯用语中,如:
go to school , be in hospital, be in prison
注意下列词组的区别, in fort of与in the front of, in hospital与in the hospital, at table与at the table, go to school与go to the school, a number of children=many children, The number of children =孩子的数量 
二、复习时需要注意的要点
(1)在school, college, university, hospital, prison, church, class, table, bed等表示机构名称、组织名称和家具的名词前,用定冠词和用不定冠词意义有差异。用定冠词强调处所,而不用定冠词意义有所引申。比较:
at table 就餐
at the table 坐在桌边
go to school 去上学
go to the school 去这个学校
in hospital 住院
in the hospital 在这家医院
go to prison (违法而)进监狱
go to the prison 到监狱
go to church 做礼拜
go to the church 到教堂
in class 在课堂上
in the class 在班级里
(2)在某些词前用不同冠词(定冠词、不定冠词和零冠词),意义大不相同,例如:
a little/few 有一点
little/few 几乎没有
a number of 许多
the number of ……的数目
in front of 在……前面
in the front of 在……前部
take place 发生
take the place of 代替
out of the question 根本不可能
out of question 没有问题
the most beautiful 最漂亮
most beautiful 非常漂亮
for a moment 片刻
for the moment 暂时
实战演练
一、例题选讲
例1
There is “h” in word “photo”.
A.
a,a
B.
an,the
C.
the,an
D.
an,an
答案:
B
提示:
h虽然是辅音字母,但发的音是元音音素开头的,因此要用an,而word 是特指,所以后面要用the。
例2
She is honest girl.
A.
an
B.
a
C.
/
D.
the
答案:
A
提示:
“honest”中h是不发音的,因此这个单词是元音音素开头的。
例3
He goes to school after breakfast.
A.
/
B.
the
C.
an
D.
a
答案:
A
提示:
在表示三顿饭前不用定冠词。
例4
Browns are going to visit Yangtse River. It is longest river in China and third longest river in world
A.
The…the…the…the…the…the
B.
The…the…the…/…the…the
C.
/…the…the…the…/…the
D.
The…/…the…the…the…the
答案:
B
提示:
the+姓氏的复数形式表示一家人,在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面要用定冠词the,而形容词最高级前面通常要加定冠词the,the+序数词+最高级表示第几,而in the world表示在世界上。