:阅读理解做题技巧·人物故事类

一、材料特点人物故事类阅读理解文章是高考英语常考材料之一。这类文章一般可分为人物传记和短篇故事两类。人物传记主要涉及某人的生平事迹、趣闻轶事、生活背景、个性特征、成长和奋斗历程等，其特点是以时间的先后或事件的发展为主线，脉络清楚，可读性较强。因此，阅读这类文章应该抓住时间线索来获取有关信息，即主人翁在某个时间做过什么，然后通过分析推理、综合归纳的方法进行解题。
　　
短篇故事与人物传记不同的是，这类文章一般描述的是某一件具体事情的发生发展或结局，有人物、时间、地点和事件。命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件的之间的关系、作者的态度及意图、故事前因和后果的推测等方面着手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。阅读这类材料时，同学们一定要根据主要情节掌握文章主旨大意，同时抓住每一个细节，设身处地根据文章内容揣摩作者的态度和意图，根据情节展开想象，即使是碰到深层理解题也可迎刃而解。
　　
这两类阅读材料一般较长，即词数多，而且命题也较多，特别是推理判断题和事实细节题多。同学们在做此类阅读理解题时往往是材料看得懂，题目不好做的感觉。因此，同学们在阅读材料时要重点放在事情发展的过程和结果上，注意把握事件的发展进程及人物之间的关系，细节与主题的关系，用以说明人物性格特点的事实、作者的态度等，这些内容往往是推理判断题的命题点。掌握了这些内容，同学们在做推理判断题时就不会以个人思维想象代替根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断，也只有这样才不会以偏概全。至于事实细节题的解答，同学们切忌想当然或者凭印象，一定要找到文章中的原句，和题干进行比较，再做出正确选择。

二、真题（选自2005广东卷）
We have two daughters: Kristen is seven years old and Kelly is four. Last Sunday evening, we invited some people home for dinner. I dressed them nicely for the party, and told them that their job was to join Mommy in answering the door when the bell rang. Mommy would introduce them to the guests, and then they would take the guests’ coats upstairs and put them on the bed in the second bedroom.The guests arrived. I introduced my two daughters to each of them. The adults were nice and kind and said how lucky we were to have such good kids.Each of the guests made a particular fuss over Kelly, the younger one, admiring her dress, her hair and her smile. They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age. I thought to myself that we adults usually make a big “to do” over the younger one because she’s the one who seems more easily hurt. We do it with the best of intentions.But we seldom think of how it might affect the other child. I was a little worried that Kristen would feel she was being outshined. I was about to serve dinner when I realized that she had been missing for twenty minutes. I ran upstairs and found her in the bedroom, crying.I said, “What are you doing, my dear?”She turned to me with a sad expression and said, “Mommy, why don’t people like me the way they like my sister? Is it because I’m not pretty? Is that why they don’t say le: exactnice things about me as much?”I tried to explain to her, kissing and hugging her to make her feel better.Now, whenever I visit a friend’s home, I make it a point to speak to the elder child first.

1. The underlined expression “make a big ‘to do’ over”(paragraph 4) means ______.  
A. show much concern about         B. have a special effect on  
C. list jobs to be done for       &-line-nbsp;       D. do good things for

2. The guests praised Kelly for carrying coats upstairs because of her ______.  
A. beautiful hair                            B. pretty clothes  
C. lovely smile                              D. young age

3. Kristen felt sad and cried because ______.  
A. the guest gave her more coats to carry   B. she didn’t look as pretty as Kelly  
C. the guests praised her sister more than her   D. her mother didn’
　　
【答案与解析】文章主要讲的是在一次聚会上作者的两个女儿Kelly和Kristen的故事。选A。通读全文，根据文章整体内容以及当时聚会上人们对待两个孩子的不同态度，可以推出此题最佳答案为A。2. 选D。根据文章第D3段中的 They said she was a remarkable girl to be carrying coats upstairs at her age 可推知此题最佳答案为D。3. 选C。根据文章倒数第 3 段中的 why don’t people like me the way they like my sister 可知此题最佳答案为 4. 选D。比较所给的四个选项，再结合文章中所发生的故事，用排除法可知选项D最佳。 

三、全真模拟
Dorothea Shaw is 71 years old and nearly blind, and she chose to live alone far away from people. She lives in Belize—a country the size of Wales with a population only that of Swansea. Her home is at Gales Point, a tiny village which can be reached only by sea or air: after a 10-mile walk into the hills one finally reaches a piece of land and two small houses so hidden in the thick over-grown forest that only a handful of people know Dorothea is there. She lives happily and totally alone growing her vegetables, looking after her trees and dogs, cats and chickens. Once a month or so an old friend passed by with her food supplies and letters—usually including a letter from her sister in Scunthorpe and some bits of clothing from friends in Canada. Sometimes a local man will come and cut wood for her and a group of British soldiers will come across her and be greeted with the offer of a cup of coffee. At night she lies in her tiny sleeping room with the dogs on the floor, the cats on the table near the typewriter and one of the hens settled down in a corner of the bookshelf, and listens for hours to any Spanish, English, German or French broadcasts she can find on her radio. Sometimes she gets lonely but most of the time the animals and the radio are company enough. But recently the very things she had tried to get free from so well have begun to catch up with her. The peace of the forest has been destroyed by the noise of earth moving machines not many miles away. What she once only heard of distantly on the radio is now on her doorstep. Things began to change 3 years ago. The new main north-south road in Belize was cut through the forest only four or five miles away. “Now more and more people know I’m here, ” she says, “I feel more and more uneasy each day.”

1. This passage mainly tells us _______.
A. how Dorothea lives alone in a lonely place
B. why Dorothea lives in such a lonely place
C. what kind of place Dorothea lives in
D. what kind of person Dorothea is

2. Dorothea spends a lot of her time _______.
A. growing vegetables                  B. raising chickens
C. talking with the soldiers           D. listening to the radio

3. We can infer that Dorothea lives a _______ life.
A. wealthy and happy                  B. simple and easy
C. hard but happy                       D. wealthy but uneasy

4. What makes Dorothea feel more and more uneasy?
A. She is becoming older and older. B. Something is wrong with her eyes.
C. The peace of the forest has been destroyed. D. Her living supplies are getting shorter and shorter.

【答案与解析】本文主要讲述一位老人在一偏僻的地方过着清静的生活，但最近这里将修建一条新路，老人因此感到不安。1.选A。通读全文可知，文章主要讲的是这位老人如何一个人过着安静清闲的生活，因此最佳答案为A。通读全文可知，文章主要讲的是这位老人如何一个人过着安静清闲的生活，因此最佳答案为。2. 选D。根据第3段最后一句话 Sometimes she gets lonely but most of the time the animals and the radio are company enough可知答案为D。3. 选B。根据文章最后一句话…she says “I feel more and more uneasy each day.” 可知她原来的生活是简单而快乐的，所以答案选B。4. 选C。根据 The new main north-south road in Belize was cut through the forest only four or five miles away. “Now more and more people know I’m here, ” she says, “I feel more and more uneasy each day.” 可知这与ur or five miles away. “Now more and more people know I’m here,她原来的生活完全不同，即平静的生活被打乱了，故答案选C。