:是NBA的铁杆粉丝吗? 自测一下NBA术语知多少

三不沾（air ball)：术语——用来讽刺不沾篮筐的投篮。

Alley-oop pass: A pass thrown to a player who is running toward the basket. The second player leaps, catches the ball in midair, and dunks it or lays it in before he lands.

空中接力传球（alley-oop pass)：把球传给正在跑向篮筐的球员。第二个球员跳跃，在空中接住球，在他落地前扣篮或者上篮。

Assist: A pass that leads directly to a basket.

助攻（assist)：能直接得分的传球。

Backcourt: A team's defensive half of the court. As it refers to players, a team's guards.

后场(backcourt)：球场上球队防守的部分。如果指球员的话，指球队里的后卫。

Backdoor play: A fundamental basketball play in which one player passes to a teammate in the high post, and when the defenders follow the ball, another player cuts to the basket from the opposite side of the court to take a pass for an open shot.

溜底线或被切打法（backdoor play)：最基本的篮球打法——球员传球给站在高位的队友，当防守队员跟球后，另一个队员从球场的另一边切到球以寻找投球空位。

Bank shot: A shot that is aimed at a spot on the backboard so that it caroms, or "banks," into the basket.

擦板入蓝(bank shot)：以篮板上一点为目标投篮,所以球可以反弹，或者“擦板”进入篮筐里。

Baseline: The line at each end of the court, under each basket. Also: endline.

底线（baseline，endline）：在球场两头每个篮筐下面的线。

Bench: Reserves.

替补队员席（bench)：指（全体）替补队员。

Bounce pass: A pass thrown by a player to a teammate that bounces on the floor.

击地传球（bounce pass）：一名球员将球击地传给队友。

Box out: Use your body to stay between an opponent and the basket and thus get into better position for a rebound.

抢位挡人（box out)：用身体挡在对手和篮板之间，以找到一个更好的篮板球位置。

Brick: A hard, errant shot that caroms wildly off the basket or backboard.

打板（brick)：过于用力，导致弹出篮筐或篮板的失误的投篮。

Bunny: An open, uncontested shot, usually a layup or dunk. Also: snowbird.

突破上篮（bunny, snowbird)：空位，没有防守的投篮，通常是灌篮或扣篮。

Bury: Sink (a shot), as in "bury a jumper."

命中（bury)：投篮命中。

Charging: A violation in which an offensive player runs into a stationary opponent.

撞人犯规(charging)：进攻队员撞到没有动作的对手的违例情况。

Chucker: A player who never met a shot he didn't like.

投手（chucker）：从没碰到不舒服的投篮的球员。

Coast-to-coast: From one end of the court to the other.

从前场到后场（coast-to-coast)：从球场的一端到另一端。

Collective Bargaining Agreement: The agreement between the NBA and the Players Association that governs all terms and conditions of employment of NBA players by NBA teams.

NBA劳资协议（collective bargaining agreement)：NBA和球员协会签订的协议，包括了所有的NBA球队中的NBA球员雇佣的条约和条件。

Cut: A quick move by an offensive player, usually toward the basket, to get in position for a shot.

切入(cut)：防守队员快速跑动，通常是跑向篮筐，以获得投球位置。

Dead-ball foul: A foul committed while the clock is stopped and the ball is not in play.

死球犯规(dead-ball foul)：指当24秒已到时，球还没开始打。

Deny the ball: Prevent an opponent from getting the ball by guarding him closely and staying between him and the player in possession of the ball.

绕前防守（deny the ball):球员得球时防止对手通过近身防守得球或挡在他中间。

Double dribble: A violation in which a player dribbles the ball, stops, then begins to dribble again.

两次运球(double dribble)：球员运球，停止，接着又开始二次运球为犯规。

Double-team: The defensive tactic of two players guarding one.

两人防守（double-team)：二打一的防守战术。

Downtown: Far from the basket, often synonymous with beyond the three-point arc.

中场(downtown)：距篮筐较远的地方，通常意味着三分线之外的地方。

Draft: The annual selection process by which NBA teams select players from the colleges and elsewhere.

新秀选拔（draft）：每年一次NBA球队会从大学或其他地区选拔球员。

Dribble: Bounce the ball.

运球（dribble）：拍球。

Dunk: A shot thrown downward through the basket, with one or two hands. Also: slam, slam-dunk, jam

灌篮（dunk，slam，slam-dunk，jam）：直接穿透篮筐的投球，可以一只手或两只手。

Fast break: A play in which a team gains possession and then pushes the ball downcourt quickly, hoping to get a good shot off before the other team has a chance to get back and set up on defense.

快攻（fast break)：球队控球时的一种打法。控球后把球迅速传回后半场，希望在另一队回防前能得到一次好的投球机会，然后重新防守。

Field goal: A basket, worth either two or three points, depending on whether it was taken from inside or outside the three-point line (set at 22 feet from the basket).

投篮命中（field goal)：两分或三分球，取决于是在三分线以内还是以外投篮（三分线距离篮筐22英尺)。

Flagrant foul: Unnecessary and/or excessive contact committed against an opponent.

恶意犯规（flagrant foul)：与对手不必要的或者过度接触。

Foul: A violation. Usually, illegal contact between two players.

犯规(foul)：违例。通常指两球员间非法接触。

Foul trouble: When a player is nearing the limit for personal fouls before he is ejected from the game, or a team is nearing the limit in each period after which all fouls become shooting fouls.

犯规麻烦(foul trouble)：指一个球员个人犯规次数快要达到底限而快要不能继续比赛，或者指每一节中球队所有犯规都变成打手犯规，球队快要面临底限。

Free agent: A player not under contract to any NBA team because his contract has expired or was terminated by his team in accordance with NBA waiver procedures, or because he was eligible for an NBA Draft and was never signed to an NBA contract.

自由人(free agent)：没有与任何NBA球队签约的球员，因为他的合约已经到期或者由于球队为了与NBA豁免流程相一致而被球队终止比赛，或者因为他可能在NBA选秀中被选上，也可能再也不与NBA签约。

Free throw: An uncontested shot from 15 feet, worth one point. A player who is fouled while in the act of shooting receives two free throws. Also: foul shot.

罚球（free throw，foul shot）：距篮筐15英尺的无竞争的投篮，值一分。当球员阻止二分投篮时会被l两次罚球。

Frontcourt: A team's offensive half of the court. As it refers to players, a team's center and forwards.

前场(frontcourt)：球队进攻的半场。同样的也指队里的中锋和前锋。

Give-and-go: A fundamental play in which one player passes to a teammate, then cuts to the basket to receive a return pass for an open layup or dunk.

传切战术(give-and-go)：一种最基本的战术。指一名球员将球传给队友，接着切入篮球来获得空缺回传或是灌篮的机会。

Goaltending: A violation in which a player interferes with a shot while the ball is on its downward arc, pins it against the backboard or touches it while it is in an imaginary cylinder above the basket; may be committed by either an offensive or defensive player.

干扰投篮得分(goaltending)：违例。指当球在后半场时球员干扰投球，不让球靠近篮板，或者当球在篮筐上方时触碰到球；进攻队员和防守队员都可能因此被罚。

Gunner: A frequent shooter.

投手（gunner)：经常投球的球员。

Hand-checking: A violation in which a defender uses his hand to impede a player's progress.

打手犯规(hand-checking)：违例。指防守队员用手阻挡球员运球。

Hang time: The amount of time a player can stay in the air while attempting a shot.

腾空时间（hang time)：指球员在投球时在空中停留的时间长度。

High post: The area around the free throw circle.

高位(high post)：罚球弧附近。

Hook shot: A shot taken with a sweeping, hooking motion. May be taken stationary or while running.

勾手投篮(hook shot)：指下摆，勾手动作的投篮。可能是站着投也可能是跑着投。

Hoop: Basket or rim. Also slang for playing basketball.

篮圈（hoop）：篮筐或架子。同样也是打篮球的俚语。

Jump ball: When players from opposing teams gain simultaneous possession of the ball, the referee stops play. After the teams are realigned, he tosses the ball up between those two players, who attempt to tap it to a teammate.

跳球（jump ball）：当双方球队的球员得到同步控球，裁判喊停。在球队重新部署后，他把球传到两个准备传球的球员中间。

Jump hook: A hook shot taken while jumping, popular among big men because it is difficult to block.

勾手跳投（jump hook)：起跳时的勾手投球，因为很难防守，所以在个子高的球员中特别流行。

Jump shot: A shot taken after a player jumps in the air.

跳投（jump shot)：球员跳起后在空中的投篮。

Lane: The painted area between the end line and the free-throw line near each basket, outside which players line up for free throws. Also known as the key, because in the early years it was key-shaped. It was twice widened to its present rectangular shape.

罚球区(lane)：每个篮筐附近在投篮线和底线内的划线区域，在球员罚球线外。同时也称作钥匙，因为早期通道都是钥匙形状的。经过两次拓宽以后才变成现在的长方形。

Loose-ball foul: A foul committed while neither team has possession of the ball, as while going for a rebound.

空球犯规(loose-ball foul)：指两队同时没有控球，却同时开始回防。

Lottery: The process that determines the order of selection, among the non-playoff teams, in the first round of the draft.

抽签(lottery)：季后赛球队在第一轮选秀中决定比赛顺序的步骤，

Low post: The area at the base of the foul lane to either side of the basket.

低位，三秒区内（low post）：篮筐两侧，靠近罚球线的部分。

Net: The cord, 15 to 18 inches long, that hangs from the rim of the basket.

篮网(net）：15-18英尺长的细绳挂在篮筐架下面。

Outlet pass: A pass thrown by a player after getting a rebound to a teammate, generally near midcourt, to start a fast break.

第一传（outlet pass）：通常指在中场附近，从队友手里接过篮板球继续传球，然后开始快攻。

Over the limit: Beyond a given number of fouls. Each team is allowed four fouls per quarter for which no free throws are assessed (unless they are committed against players in the act of shooting ); after four fouls a team is said to be "over the limit" and free throws are assessed on all subsequent fouls.

每节超过四次犯规（over the limit)：超过了固定的罚球次数。每队每节可以四次犯规，罚球不算。除非他们阻止对手进球犯规。在四次犯规后，球队会被告知“每节超过四次犯规”，并且随后的犯规都会被罚球。

Overtime: A five-minute extra period that is played when the game is tied after four quarters. If a game remains tied following an overtime period, another is played and another until there is a winner.

加时(overtime)：当两队四节比赛结束时仍然不分胜负，比赛会延长五分钟时间。如果在加时时间段内仍然是平手的话，会继续加时，直到有一方胜出为止。

Palming: A violation in which a player moves his hand under the ball and scoops it while dribbling. Also: carrying the ball.

翻腕(palming)：在运球时球员将手放到球下并且抱住。

Penalty situation: When a team has committed more than its allotted four fouls per quarter and thus each subsequent foul becomes a shooting foul. Also: Over the limit.

加罚状态(penalty situation)：当球队每节犯规四次以上，接下来的犯规都会成为打手犯规。同时也称为：每节超过四次犯规(over the limit)。

Personal foul: see Foul.

个人犯规(personal foul)：参见犯规项解释。

Pick: When an offensive player frees a teammate for a shot by establishing a stationary position that prevents a defensive player from guarding the shooter. If the player who is "setting a pick" is not stationary and contact is made with a defender, it is an offensive foul and his team loses possession of the ball. Also: screen.

抢位(pick)：进攻队员站好固定位置给队友投球机会，防止防守队员防住投手。如果这个“挡拆”的球员不是站着不动的，并且与防守队员发生接触，这样就是进攻犯规，并且它的球队失去控球权。

Pick-and-roll: A play in which an offensive player sets a pick, then "rolls" toward the basket and takes a pass from a teammate for an open shot.

挡拆（pick-and-roll)：进攻队员抢位后，接着跑到篮筐下，然后从队友那接过来传球得到投球空挡。

Pill: Ball.

篮球(pill)：俚语。

Pivot: The area near the basket, generally where the center operates, or the act of changing directions, by keeping one foot planted on the ground while stepping in one or more directions with the other foot.

篮底或篮下（pivot)：篮筐附近区域，通常是中锋打球的位置，或者是通过一只脚固定在地面，用另一只脚改变一个或更多方向。

Post: see Low Post.

位置(post)：详见低位解释。

Player-control foul: An offensive foul that is committed not when a player is shooting, but just when his team is in control of the ball.

犯规时非正在投球（play-control foul)：当球员正在投球，但是恰好该队正在控球的进攻犯规。

Point guard: Usually a team's primary ballhandler and the man who sets up the team's offense.

控球后卫（point guard)：通常是指球队主要的控球手，并且组织球队进攻。

Power forward: The larger of a team's two forwards, whose duties generally involve rebounding as much as scoring.

大前锋(power forward)：每队两个大前锋中的更高大的那个，职责包括抢篮板和得分。

Press: Guard very closely.

贴身防守（press）：贴身防守。

Pump fake: A fake in which a player motions as if he is going to shoot the ball but holds back, hoping his defender will jump out of position.

假动作（pump fake）：可能他看起要投球但是却把球收回来，这样希望他的防守队员可以跳出自己的位置，一种假象。

Quadruple-double: An extremely rare (it's only happened four times in NBA history) achievement in which a player accumulates doubles figures in four of the following categories in the same game: points, rebounds, assists, steals and blocked shots.

四双（quadruple-double)：极少见的成绩，在NBA历史上只发生过四次。是指球员在下面这些情况中有四项积分都是两位数：得分，篮板，助功，抄截和盖帽。

Rebound: Gather in and gain control of a missed shot; a missed shot that is retrieved.

抢篮板（rebound)：聚集到篮下，投篮未中后抢控球权；未中的投篮球权收回。

Rejection: A blocked shot.

盖帽（rejection）：盖帽。

Rock: Ball.

篮球（rock）：俚语。

Sag: A defensive tactic in which a player drops off his man to help double-team a player in the pivot.

协防（sag）：一种防守战术。球员放弃自己防守的队员来帮助在中线的队友。

Salary Cap: Common term for Maximum Team Salary, the maximum amount each team may pay in salaries during an NBA season, as per teams of the Collective Bargaining Agreement.

工资上限（salary gap）：常见的球队工资上限——即在NBA赛季时每支球队的最大工资总额。像每支球队的工资条款中所列明的一样。

Screen: Pick.

抢位(screen)：抢位。

Set shot: A shot taken while a player has both feet on the floor in a set position. Common in basketball's early years, it is now all but extinct, having given way to the harder-to-block jump shot.

计时器（set shot)：指球员两脚着地以一种固定姿势投篮。通常是在篮球的早期，现在几乎绝种，早已败给不容易被盖帽的跳投。

Shot clock: The 24-second clock used to time possessions. A team must attempt a shot that hits the rim within 24 seconds or else it loses possession of the ball.

时限钟（shot clock)：24秒的表是用来控制时间的。球队一定要努力在24秒钟尽全力击中篮筐，否则将会失去控球权。

Sixth man:A team's primary reserve, the first substitute to enter a game.

第六人（sixth man)：球队最重要的后备，参加比赛的第一替补。

Sky-hook: A hook shot in which the ball is released while the shooter's hand is at the top of the arc; used most effectively by Kareem Abdul-Jabbar, the NBA's all-time career scoring leader.

大勾手(sky-hook)：指当投手的手在勾手投篮的最高点时；在卡里姆·阿卜杜·贾巴尔身上用的最多，他被公认为是NBA球坛上得分领袖。

Skywalk: The ability to move laterally while in the air.

天空漫步(skywalk)：在空中时能横向移动。

Slam dunk: see Dunk.

灌篮(slam dunk)：见灌篮(dunk)项解释。

Steal: To take the ball away from the opposing team, either off the dribble or by picking off a pass.

抢断（steal）：把球从对方球队中抢走，或者在运球时抢断或者再传球时抢断。

Switch: When teammates exchange defensive assignments during play.

交换（switch）：队员们在比赛中交换防守位置。

Technical foul: The penalty for a violation of conduct, such as abusive language or fighting. Each technical foul awards a free throw to the opposing team and also means an automatic fine for the player who commits the violation.

技术犯规（technical foul)：对于例如粗话，打架等违例的行为的惩罚。每个技术犯规会给对方球队带来一个罚球，同时对那个犯规的球员也必然意味着惩罚。

Three-point shot: A field goal worth three points, taken from beyond an arc that is 22 feet from the basket.

三分球(three-point shot)：距篮筐22英寸的地方，边线外投中的球值三分。

Three-second violation: An offensive player may not stand in the lane for three seconds.

三秒违例(three-second violation)：进攻球员在通道内不允许停留三秒。

360: To elude a defender by doing a complete spin, making a 360-degree turn.

360：通过完成旋转，转了360度的圈来摆脱防守队员。

Tip-in: To tip a missed shot into the basket.

补篮（tip-in)：把没有投中的球补到篮筐里。

Trailer: An offensive player who trails on a fast break but often is in good position to score after the first wave of defenders goes by.

拖手(trailer)：进攻队员拖住第一个快攻，但是经常是在第一轮防守过后以好位置投球得分。

Transition: The movement from offense to defense, or vice versa, when the ball changes hands.

攻守转换(transition)：当球权发生变化时球员从进攻到防守的变化，或者是反过来。

Traveling: A violation in which a player takes too many steps without dribbling the ball. Also: walking.

走步(traveling)：违例。指球员没有运球而且走了很多步。

Triple-double: A relatively rare achievement in which a player accumulates double figures in three of the following categories in the same game: points, rebounds, assists, steals and blocked shots.

三双（triple-double)：很少能达到的成绩。指球员在如下几项内容里有三项都累计到两位数：得分，篮板，辅助，抢断和盖帽。

Turnover: Loss of ball, either through an errant pass or dribble or an offensive foul.

失误（turnover)：投球失误，原因可能是传球失误，运球失误或者进攻犯规。

Veteran free agent: A player who completes his contractual obligation to his team and becomes free to sign with any NBA team, as per terms of the Collective Bargaining Agreement.

自由球员老兵(veteran free agent)：完成了球队里的合约，球员可以随便跟任何一支NBA球队签合约，如劳资协定里的条例规定。

Weak side: The side of the court away from the ball.

弱侧(weak side)：远离篮球的球场一侧。

Zone: A defensive tactic in which players guard areas of the court, rather than specific men. Illegal in the NBA.