九乡新闻网:中学宾语从句
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中学英语宾语从句语法讲解
[宾语从句歌诀]
宾语从句三姊妹，that，if/whether，wh-/how展风采。
展风采有三关，引导词、语序、时态在把关。
主从时态要一致，陈述语序永不变。
陈述请你选that，疑问需用if/whether连。
特殊问句作宾从，原来问词不用换。
三关过后莫得意，人称、标点需注意。
留意变脸的if/when，从句的简化记心间。
[歌诀解码]
一、三姊妹
宾语从句根据引导词的不同可分为三种类型：
1. 由that引导的宾语从句。如：
We knew （that）we should learn from each other.
2. 由if/whether引导的宾语从句。如：
Please tell me if/whether you have been to
3. 由who，where，how等连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the nearest post office？
二、三关
1. 引导词关
如果从句是陈述句，引导词用that（that在口语或非正式文体中常省略）；如果从句是一般疑问句，引导词用if/whether；如果从句是特殊疑问句，引导词用由疑问词转换而来的疑问代词/副词。
2. 语序关
①陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如：
He is an honest boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy.
②一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如：
Does he work hard？I wonder.→I wonder if/whether he works hard.
When did he leave？I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left.
3. 时态关
①如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可根据实际情况而定。如：
I have heard（that）he will come back next week.
②如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如：
He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.
注意：如果宾语从句表述的是客观真理、自然现象等时，不管主句是什么时态，从句都要用一般现在时。如：
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
三、人称的变化和标点的使用
1. 从句的主语如果是第一人称，变为宾语从句则与主句的主语一致；如果是第二人称，则与主句的宾语一致；如果是第三人称，不用变化。如：
“May I use your knife？”He asked me. →He asked me if he might use my knife.
“Do you know her telephone number？”He asked me. →He asked me if I know her telephone number.
2. 宾语从句的标点均由主句决定。主句是陈述句，用句号；主句是疑问句，用问号。如：
Who will give us a talk？I don’t know. →I don’t know who will give us a talk.
Do you know？Where does he live？→Do you know where he lives？
四、两副面孔
if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下，它们究竟属于“两副面孔”的哪一副。如：
If it rains tomorrow，I won’t come.（时间状语从句）
I don’t know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）
五、从句的简化
1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如：
She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.
2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如：
She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths.
3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：
Can you tell me how I can get to the station？→Can you tell me how to get to the station？
宾语从句专项练习
一、将下面的句子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1．These flowers are from
He said _______ these flowers _______ from
2. Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.
3．There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know _____ there _____ ____ a meeting in five days.
4．Can they speak French? I want to know.
I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5．Are the children playing games? Tell me.
Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
6．Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang.
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Gang ____ _____ ____ ____ ___ homework yet.
7．How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
Who knows ______ _____ _____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?
8．Where did she park her car? Do you know?
Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?
9．What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.
10．Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know ____ _______ at the door so loudly.
11. Does he still live in that street? I don't know.
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
12. What's his name? I asked him.
I asked him what _____ _____ _____.
13. When does the train arrive? Please tell me.
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
14. Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys.
He asked the boys _______ they ______ fried chicken.
15. Was the watch made in
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in
二、选择填空。
( ) 1. What did Mike say? He said ____________________.
A. if you are free the next week B. what colour was it
C. the weather is fine D. summer comes after spring
( ) 2. Tom asked my friend ________________.
A. where was he from B. that the earth is bigger than the moon
C. when did he come back D. not to be so angry
( ) 3. Let me tell you __________________.
A. how much is the car B. how much does the car cost
C. how much did I pay for the car D. how much I spent on the car
( ) 4. Peter knew _______________.
A. whether he has finished reading the book
B. why the boy had so many questions
C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for
( )5. Could you tell me ___________?
A. where do you live B. who you are waiting for
C. who were you waiting for D. where you live in
( )6. I can't understand ______the boy alone.
A. why she left B. why did she leave
C. why she had left D. why had she left
( )7. She told me the sun ______ in the east.
A. rise B. rose C. rises D. had risen
( )8.I don't know ________ up so early last Sunday.
A. why did he get B.why he gets C.why does he get D. why he got
( )9. The manager came up to see __________.
A. what was the matter B. what the matter was
C. what the matter is D. what's the matter
( )10. He asked his father _______.
A. where it happens B. where did it happen
C. how it happened D. how did it happen
( )11. No one tells us______, so we need your help.
A. how we should do B. what should we do
C. how to do it D. what to do it
( )12. Could you please teach me _______ the computer.
A. how check B. to check C. how to check D. to how checking
( )13.They don't know _______their parents are.
A that B what C why D which
( )14. ─Where do you think ______ he _____ the TV set?
─ Sorry, I've no idea.
A./, bought B. has, bought C. did, buy D. did bought
( ) 15. Our homework has changed a lot. Who can tell _____ it would be like in _____ five years.
A. how, another B. what, more C. how ,other D. what, another
( )16. ─ Could you tell me ______? ─ Yes. He ____ to the
A. where is he/ has been B. where he is/ has gone
C. where was he/ has been D. where he was/ has gone
( )17. ─Mike wants to know if ____ a picnic tomorrow.
─Yes. But if it _______, we'll visit the museum instead.
A. you have/ will rain B. you will have/ will rain
C. you will have/ rains D. will you have/ rains
( )18. I really don't know if she _______ it when she ________.
A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive
C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives
( )19.Miss Liu said ______ she would leave the message on the headmaster”s desk.
A. that B. where C. which D. what
( )20. He asked me _______.
A. who will kick the first goal in the World Cup
B. when was the APEC meeting held
C. when
D. where the 2008 Olympics will be held
( )21. In the bookshop , a reader asked the shopkeeper ______ Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.
A. that B. how C. what D. if
( )22. You must remember _______.
A. what your teacher said B. what did your teacher say
C. your teacher said what D. what has your teacher said
( )23. I don”t know ______ .
A. which room I can live B. which room can I live
C. which room I can live in D. which room can I live in
( )24.－－Do you know when he ______ back ?
－－Sorry , I don”t . When he _______back , I”ll tell you .
A. comes ; comes B. comes ; will come
C. will come ; comes D. will come ; will come
( )25 The girls asked if they ____ some food and drink with them.
A. took B. take C. takes D. will take
( )26 Mary said that she ___ to
A. has never gone B. had never gone
C. has never been D. had never been
( )27 The students want to know whether they___ a PE class today.
A. had B. has C. will have D. are
( )28. Can you tell me___ you were born, Betty?
A. who B. what C. when D. that
( )29.I don't know ___ they have passed the exam.
A. what B. if C. when D. where
( )30. Do you know _____ they listened to yesterday evening?
A. what B when C why D how
三、用合适的连接词填空。
1. Jim told me ____ he didn't go fishing yesterday afternoon.（how, why）
2. Do you know ______ else is going to be on duty today？（who, whom）
3. She said _____ it wouldn't matter much.（that, if）
4. He always thinks ______ he can do better.（how, who）
5. I really don't know ________ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）
6. They don't know _______ to go or wait. (if, whether)
7. We are talking about ______ we’ll go back tomorrow. (whether, if)
8. I was really surprised at ______ I saw. (where, what)
9. I don't know ____ so many people are looking at him. (how, why)
10. Do you know ______ you are studying for? (why, what)
四、句型转换。
1. “Do you want to try it?” Tom's mother asked him.(同义句)→
Tom's mother asked him _______ _______ ______ to try it.
2. I think this is a good idea.（改为否定句） →
I _______ ________ this ________ a good idea.
3. Lucy hasn't decided which trousers to buy.（改为复合句） →
Lucy hasn't decided ________ _________ ________ _______ buy.
4. I don't know how I can get to the hospital.（改为简单句） →
I don't know ________ ________ ________ to the hospital.
5. I don’t suppose they will come, _______ ______ ? (改为反意疑问句)
五、用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. We are sure that he ________ (go) to school tomorrow.
2. Do you know who ______ (be) the first man to walk on the moon?
3. Could you tell me where the post office ______ (is)?
4. Our father said that he _______ (will) buy a new computer.
5. I hear that he _______ (swim) in the sea yesterday.
6. The little boy tells us where his father _______ (work).
7. He said that he _________ (finish) his work already.
8. They thought they could _______ (hike) to the top of the mountain.
9. He was glad that so many people _____ (help) him.
10. She doesn’t know whether ________ (go) or wait.
宾语从句参考答案：
一、1.that, were 2.that, travels 3.that, would be 4.if/whether they can speak 5.if/whether, are playing 6.if/whether he had finished his 7. how many people you can see 8.where she parked 9.what he, talked 10.who knocked 11.if/whether, lives 12.his name was 14.if/whether, wanted 15.if/whether, was
二、1—5: DDDBB 6—10:ACDBC 11—15:CCBAD 16—20:BCDAC 21—25:DACCA 26—30:DCCBA
三、1.why 2.who 3.that 4.how 5.how soon 6.whether 7.whether 8.what 9.why 10.what
四、1.if/whether he wanted 2.don’t think, is 3.which trousers she can 4.how to get 5.will they
五、1.will go 2.was 3. is 4.would 5.swam 6.works
7.had finished 8.hike 9.helped 10.to go
状语从句讲解和练习
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。通常由副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词和从句等担当。例如：
1. Naturally , our grandparents were pleased to get our phone call . (副词)
2. We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介词状短语)
3. To help my disabled aunt , I spend an hour working in her house every day . (不定式)
4. Seen from a distance , the farmhouse looked deserted . (过去分词)
5. I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因状语从句）
状语的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。enough用作状语修饰形容词和副词时必须后置。
状语从句主要用来修饰主句或主句的谓语。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词
和特殊的连接词即考点。现分别列举如下:
1． 时间状语从句
常用引导词：when, as, while, as soon as, while, before, after, since , till, until
特 殊引导词：the minute, the moment, the second, every time, the day，the instant, immediately , directly, no sooner … than, hardly …when, scarcely … when
I didn’t realize how special my mother was until I became an adult.
While John was watching TV, his wife was cooking.
The children ran away from the orchard(果园) the moment they saw the guard.
No sooner had I arrived home than it began to rain.
Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.
2． 地点状语从句
常用引导词：where
特殊引导词：wherever, anywhere, everywhere
Generally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.
Wherever you go, you should work hard.
3． 原因状语从句
常用引导词：because, since, as, since
特殊引导词：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that,
My friends dislike me because I’m handsome and successful.
Now that everybody has come, let’s begin our conference.
The higher income tax is harmful in that it may discourage people from trying to earn more.
Considering that he is no more than 12 years old, his height of
4． 目的状语从句
常用引导词：so that, in order that
特殊引导词：lest, in case, for fear that，in the hope that, for the purpose that, to the end that
The boss asked the secretary to hurry up with the letters so that he could sign them.
The teacher raised his voice on purpose that the students in the back could hear more clearly.
5． 结果状语从句
常用引导词：so … that, so… that, such … that,
特殊引导词：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,
He got up so early that he caught the first bus.
It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.
To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.
6． 条件状语从句
常用引导词：if, unless,
特殊引导词：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition that
We’ll start our project if the president agrees.
You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.
Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.
7． 让步状语从句
常用引导词：though, although, even if, even though
特 殊引导词： as(用在让步状语从句中必须要倒装)，while ( 一般用在句首 )，no matter …， in spite of the fact that, while, whatever, whoever, wherever, whenever, however, whichever
Much as I respect him, I can’t agree to his proposal.
尽管我很尊敬他， 我却不同意他的建议。
The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.
No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.
He won’t listen whatever you may say.
8． 比较状语从句
常用引导词：as(同级比较), than(不同程度的比较)
特殊引导词：the more … the more … ; just as …， so…; A is to B what /as X is to Y; no … more than; not A so much as B
She is as bad-tempered as her mother.
The house is three times as big as ours.
The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.
Food is to men what oil is to machine. 食物之于人，犹如油之于机器。
9． 方式状语从句
常用引导词：as, as if, how
特殊引导词：the way
When in
She behaved as if she were the boss.
Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.
10. 状语从句的简化
♠状语从句的省略
状语从句同时具备下列两个条件:①主句和从句的主语一致，或从句主语为it；②从句主要动词是be的某种形式。从句中的主语和be动词常可省略。例如：
When ( the museum is ) completed , the museum will be open to the public next year .
He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.
另外，比较状语从句经常省略。例如：
I’m taller than he (is tall ).
The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).
就状语从句而言,有时为了使语言言简意赅,常常将状语从句进行"简化"。状语从句的"简化"现象在口语中较为普遍,而且在高考中的复现率也较高。因此,有必要对其进行全面、透彻的了解。
状 语从句的"简化"现象常存在于以下五种状语从句中:①由if, unless等引导的条件状语从句;②由although, though, even if / though等引导的让步状语从句;③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引导的时间状语从句;④由as, as if等引导的方式状语从句;⑤由as, than等引导的比较状语从句。下面针对这五种情形作一归纳。
(1)当状语从句的主语是it,且谓语动词是be时,it和be要完全简化掉。例如:
If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the difficulty.如果可能的话,他会帮你摆脱困境。
You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to you.除非情况对你来说不方便,否则你必须出席这次会议。
(2)当状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,从句可以将主语和be动词简化掉。常用于以下几种情形:
a.连词+形容词
As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a bike.他小时候就学会了骑自行车。
Whenever (she is) free, she often goes shopping.她有空就去逛商店。
Work hard when (you are) young, or you'll regret.少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲。
b.连词+名词
While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help others.他在孩提时代就乐于助人。
Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous director.尽管他曾是个农民,而现在是位著名的导演了。
c.连词+现在分词
As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop song.她沿着河堤边走边唱着流行歌曲。
Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good marks.尽管近来他一直在学数学,但他仍然没有取得好成绩。
d.连词+过去分词
He won't go there with us unless (he is) invited.除非受到邀请,否则他不会和我们一道去那里。
The concert was a great success than (it was) expected.这场音乐会出乎意料地取得了巨大成功。
e.连词+不定式
He stood up as if (he were) to say something.当时他站起来好像要说什么。He wouldn't solve the problem even if (he were) to take charge.即使他来负责,他也解决不了这个问题。f. 连词+介词短语
She looked anxious as though (she was) in trouble.她看上去很焦急,好像遇到了麻烦。
He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the USA.他到美国之前就懂英语了。
注意:当从句主语和主句主语不一致时,从句部分要么用完全形式,要么用独立主格结构来表达。例如:
When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the meeting-room.当会议结束时,人们都走出了会议室。(=The meeting over,
巩固练习
1. John shut everybody out of the kitchen ______he could prepare his grand surprise for the party.
A. which B. when C. so that D. as if
2. I would appreciate it ________you call back this afternoon for the doctor’s appointment.
A. until B. if C. when D. that
3. As far as I am concerned，education is about learning and the more you learn，________.
A. the more for life are you equipped B. the more equipped for life you are
C. the more life you are equipped for D. you are equipped the more for life
4.After the war，a new school building was put up ________there had once been a theatre.
A. that B. where C. which D. when
5. —Is Mr. Smith in the office?
—Yes，________ he is in charge of the office，he must be there.
A. since B. however C. whether D. for
6. As your good friend, I will do ________help you.
A. that I can to B. what I can to C. all that I can D. what I can
7.John may phone tonight. I don’t want to go out ________he phones.
A. as long as B. in order to C. in case D. so that
8.Someone called me up in the middle of the night，but they hung up ________I could answer the phone.
A. as B. since C. until D. before
9. —Don’t look down upon Bob. He has his own advantages.
—Oh, yes. ________others are weak, he is strong.
A. If B. When C. Where D. Though
10.It is ten years ________he smoked.
A. that B. when C. since D. while
11.We must hurry up ________catch up with the last train.
A. that B. so that to C. in order that D. in order to
12.No matter ________hard it may be，I will carry it out.
A. what B. whatever C. how D. however
13.________ you may do，you must do it well.
A. Which B. Whenever C. Whatever D. When
14. —Are you thinking about going to
—No. But if I ________the time，I would definitely go.
A. have B. had C. have had D. would have
15.________ you are so weak，you’d better stay at home.
A. Since B. For C. Because D. Though
16.English and French are taught here. You can choose ________you like.
A. no matter which B. whichever C. which D. whatever
17.I saw Mr. Smith last Sunday. We had not seen each other ________I left
A. as B. before C. since D. till
18.I’ll be back before you ________.
A. will leave B. will have left C. leave D. would leave
19.The problem won’t be settled until we ________a chance to discuss it thoroughly.
A. have had B. will have C. will have had D. would have
20.If you ________this experiment，you will understand the theory better.
A. will be doing B. have done C. will have done D. would do
21.They went on working ________it was late at night.
A. even if B. as if C. however D. as though
22.I hurried ________I wouldn’t be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
23.The volleyball match will be put off if it ________.
A. will rain B. rains C. rained D. is raining
24.________ you talk to someone or write a message，you show your skills to others.
A. At times B. Some time C. By the time D. Every time
25.Although he is considered a great writer，________.
A. however his works are not widely read B. but his works are not widely read
C. his works are not widely read D. still his works are not widely read
26.The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she ________.
A. will arrive B. is going to arrive C. arrives D. is arriving
27.We should finish the important job，________.
A. long it takes however B. it takes however long
C. long however it takes D. however long it takes
28.________he made an important speech at the meeting was true.
A. That B. Why C. What D. How
29.________comes to the party will receive a gift.
A. Which B. Who C. Which one D. Whoever
30.She is willing to help you, ________busy she is.
A. what B. how C. however D. whatever
31.I don’t care whether he stays ________goes.
A. nor B. then C. or D. otherwise
32.No matter ________hard it may be，I’ll carry it out.
A. what B. whatever C. how D. however
33.Why do you want to find a new job ________you’ve got such a good one already?
A. that B. where C. which D. when
34.________he is, he will be thinking of you.
A. Wherever B. Where C. Now that D. As soon as
35.You should make it a rule to leave things ________you can find them again.
A. when B. where C. then D. there
36.He got excited at the news，________ I was calm.
A. when B. while C. because D. after
37.—Shall Brown come and play computer games?
—No，________ he has finished his homework.
A. when B. if C. unless D. once
38.________ you try，you will never succeed.
A. If B. Until C. Since D. Unless
39.Hardly had he arrived in Hongkong ________she rang me up.
A. when B. than C. that D. and
40.________ they heard the shout for help，they rushed out.
A. Immediately B. The moment C. The while D. All the above
41.________，he never seems able to do the work beautifully.
A. Try as he does B. as he tries C. Try as does he D. As he does try
42.—The air is full of smoke and people are coughing.
—It will get worse ________the government does something about the pollution.
A. but B. unless C. except D. if
43.If ________，I would have gone with him.
A. had he told me B. he had told me C. he has told me D. he would tell me
44.—
—I’ll be glad to help her，________ need some help.
A. should she B. if she will C. if she D. if she might
45.I came ________I heard the news.
A. until B. as soon as C. immediately D.B and C
46.What we have seen________.
A. from what we heard B. all what we heard
C. to what we have heard D. from what we have heard
47.We will never give in ________they might do or say about our plan.
A. no matter how B. how C. whatever D. although
48.If you go to Xi’an，you will find the places there more magnificent than commonly ________.
A. supposing B. supposed C. to suppose D. suppose
49.________ he comes，we would not be able to go.
A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even
50.It’s no wonder you’ve got a headache ________you drank so much last night.
A. though B. in case C. when D. while
51.Iwonder if I________ time. If I ________time，I’ll go with you.
A. have；have B. will have；will have C. have；will have D. will have；have
52.By the time you _______back，the supper ________ready.
A. will get；will be B. get；was C. get；will be D. will get；is
53.Telephone me as soon as you ________the results.
A. will get B. get C. had got D. got
54.________ I live，I will never give in to the enemy.
A. As far as B. As long as C. As well as D. As soon as
55.I really wonder________ he has posted me many packages ________he worked together.
A. how；after B. why；when C. when；before D. why；since
56.Please pronounce the word ________I did.
A. by the way B. the way C. the moment D. like
57.I was about to leave my house ________the phone rang.
A. while B. when C. as D. after
58.I had cut the meat into pieces ________Mother started cooking.
A. when B. as soon as C. after D. while
59.You should visit the part of the country when ________.
A. spring will come B. it will be spring C. it is spring D. it is coning spring
60.I don’t like to be interrupted if I ________.
A. speaks B. will speak C. am speaking D. would be speaking
1~5 CBBBA 6~10 BCDCC
11~15 DCCBA 16~20 BCCAB
21~25 ABBDC 26~30 CDADC
31~35 CCDAB 36~40 BCDAD
41~45 ABBAD 46~50 DCBBC
51~55 DCBBD 56~60 BBACC
【解析】
1.so that引导目的状语从句。
2.if引导条件状语从句。
3.本句是the more… the more…句型，第二个比较级修饰形容词equipped。
4.where引导表示地点的状语从句。
5.since在这里引导原因状语从句。
7.in case以防万一。
19.主句为将来时态时，状语从句一般用一般现在时表将来，但如果强调状语从句的动作先完成，可用完成时。
24.此处的every time当连词使用。
37.这是对话省略，引出一个条件“除非他先完成作业”。
38.本句意为“除非你努力，(否则)你决不可能获得成功”。
43.本句的条件状语从句是虚拟语气。
50.when在本句中相当于since，seeing that，considering that，“既然；鉴于”。
56.“请按我的方法来发这个单词的音”
状语从句专项练习
I .填入适当的引导词
1. I haven't heard from him _____ he went to
2.He won't be here _____ he is invited .
3. He will not go to the cinema _____ he is very busy .
4. We found the key _____ she lad left it .
5. We found the books two days ____ he had gone away .
6. We had no sooner got to the station _____ the train left .
7. He speaks English ______ he were an Englishman .
8.He is explaining clearly _______ they could understand .
9. Do not leave the room _____ you have finished the test .
10. She sang ______ she went along .
II.改错
1. The children were running on the playground as fast as they can .
2.Since her husband had died , so she had to support her family .
3.He won't go out until his mother will come .
4.He was very foolish that he didn't pass such an easy exam .
5.Tom had gone out as soon as his mother got home .
6.It was three months since he came to our school .
7.The playground of our school is larger than their school .
8.The streets in
9.Whatever there is plenty of sun and rain , the fields are green .
10. She sings songs as if she is a bird .
III. 找出从句并指出是那类从句
1. It depends on whether we have enough time .
2.The question he asked was where the electrical equipment should be stored .
3. The mountain is no longer what it used to be .
4. The fact that she works hard is well known to us all .
5. He was not the man that he was before .
6. Now you was free , why not go swimming with us ?
7. Where there are schools and colleges , there are examinations .
8. Bad habits , once firmed , are difficult to give up .
9.She often wears the same kind of skirt as her twin sister does .
10 .The moment he opened the window , a bird flew in .
IV.填入适当的引导词完成句子
1.____ will do the experiment comes to the professor's office .
2. ___ will do the experiment hasn't been decided .
3. The teacher didn't leave ______ twelve o'clock .
4. ______ the day went on , the weather got worse .
5. _____ she is young , she knows quite a lot .
6. It worried her a bit ____ her hair was turning grey .
7. You will be late ____ you leave immediately.
8.Go and get your coat . It's ______ you left it .
9.______ is mentioned above , the number of the students in senior high schools is increasing .
10. ____ had I entered the room ____ the phone rang .
V. 改错
1.Is this the watch for which he is looking now ?
2. This is all which I can do for you .
3.Do you know the old man at the back of the room, whom has been chosen head of the factory .
4. I want to know the way which you learn new words .
5. Can you tell me that there's a bookstore near here ?
6. Our school quite different from that it was before .
7. If she likes the present is not clear to me .
8.For she is ill , she hasn't come to school .
9. It gave him so a big shock that his face turned pale .
10. He is cleverer than any boy in his class .
参考答案：
I、1.since 2.unless 3.because 4.where 5.after 6.than 7.as if 8.so that 9.before 10.as
II、1. can 改为could 2.去掉so 3.will come改为 comes 4. very改为 so 5.as soon as 改为when 6.was 改为is 7.than 之后加上that of 8.than 后加 those in 9.whatever改为 wherever 10. is改为 were
III、1.whether we have enough time 介词宾语从句
2.he asked 定语从句 where the electrical equipment should be stored表语从句
3.what it used to be 表语从句
4. that she works hard 同位语从句
5. that he was before 定语从句
6.Now you was free 让步状语从句 now= now that
7.Where there are schools and colleges 地点状语从句
8. once firmed 时间状语从句
9. as her twin sister does 定语从句
10. The moment he opened the window 时间状语从句
IV、1.Whoever 2. Who 3.until 4.As 5.Although 6.that 7.unless 8.where 9.As 10 Hardly, when ( No sooner , than )
V、1.for 放在looking 之后 2.which 改为 that 3.whom 改为who 4.which改为 how 5.that改为 whether 6.that 改为what 7.If改为 Whether 8.For改为Because 9.so改为 such 10.any 后加other
定语从句的用法以及精练
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom, 也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to? 正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
六。"介词＋关系代词"是一个普遍使用的结构
(1) "介词＋关系代词"可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。"介词＋关系代词"结构中的介词可以是 in, on, about, from, for, with, to at, of, without 等，关系代词只可用whom或 which,不可用 that 。
例:Is that the house in which you live ?
(2)像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：
This is the boy whom she has taken care of.
I.单项填空。
1. -Do you know the man ______is talking with your father?
-Yes, he’s our headmaster.
A. he B. who C. which D. whom
2. Is this the river _____I can swim?
A. which B. in which C. that D. the one
3. This is the best hotel in the city _____I know.
A. where B. which C. that D. it
4. Can you lend me the dictionary ______the other day?
A. that you bought B. you bought it
C. that you bought it D. which you bought it
5. Anyone ______with what I said may put up you hands.
A. which agrees B. who agree
C. who agrees D. which agree
6. My watch is not the only thing ______ is missing.
A. that B. it C. which who
7. The man ______coat is black is waiting at the gate
A. who’s B. whose C. that of which.
8. The girl ______ is reading under the tree _____my sister.
A. which; is B. whom; was C. who; is D. who; was
9. I love places ______the people are really friendly.
A. that B. which C. where D. who
10. The world ______ is made up of matter.
A. in that we live B. on which we live
C. where we live in D. we live in
Ⅱ. 用适当的关系代词that, which, who, whom填空。
1. The first thing ______you must do is to have a meal.
2. April 1st is the day _____is called April Fool’s Day in the west.
3. The family _____had lost everything in a big fire got much help from their friends.
4. The house _____we live in is very old.
5. Didn’t you see the man ______I talked with just now?
定语从句 参考答案:
Ⅱ. 1. that 2. which / that 3. who / that 4. that / which 5. who/ whom/ that
反意疑问句
1. 陈述部分是I am 或 I’m 时，疑问部分用 aren’t I
2. 陈述部分有no ，nothing, nobody, no one, never, hardly, few, little时，疑问部分用肯定
3. 陈述部分是unlike, unhappy, useless 等时，疑问部分用否定
4. .陈述部分主语是there, this, that , these, those时，疑问部分用there , it ,they
5. 陈述部分主语是everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, anybody, no one, nobody等时，疑问部分用they, he；陈述部分是everything, something, nothing, anything时，疑问部分用 it
6. 祈使句的反意疑问句用will you, 或 shall we
7. 宾语从句中，以主句为准，但如果主语是第一人称且谓语动词是think, believe, guess, suppose时，以从句为准
反意疑问句专项练习
1.He can write in English, ________ ___________?
2. The student is never late for class, _____ ______?
3.Let`s go to the park, _________ ____________?
4.You didn’t go to school, __________ __________?
5.There are few students in the classroom, ___ ____?
6.Everyone is here, _______________ _________?
7.I think Lucy s a good girl, ________ __________?
8.His mother was ill last week, ________ ________?
9.Turn on the radio, ________ ____________?
10.She has little money with her, ________ ______?
11.Smith never went to
12.Let`s not go for a walk, ________ ___________?
13.The man is unhappy, ________ ____________?
14.You`d better ring me up, ________ __________?
15.There were a lot of people in the park last week , ________ ___________?
16.He never listens to the teacher carefully in class , ________ ___________?
17.Everything is ready, ________ __________?
18.He gave me a beautiful picture , _____ ________?
19.The children can speak in English , ____ ______?
20.The weather was very warm yesterday , ____ ____?
21.Ann has lunch at home , ________ _______?
22.Nothing is wrong with you , ______ __________?
23.Don't run so fast , ________ _________?
24.Some of the food is delicious , ________ __________?
25.Everyone went to the cinema , ___ _____?
26.Li Lei knows little about the weather in Xi`an___, ____?
冠词 (关注重要考点)
冠词的词汇量最少,只有三个:a, an , the 。在选用冠词的时候应考虑三个因素：（1）名词是可数的还是不可数的（能否用a/an）；（2）是否在作一般的陈述，即是不是表示泛指(该不该用a /an)；（3）所指的东西听者或读者能否无误地识别，即是否需要特指(是否需用the)。
一．不定冠词a/an的用法：
1．开头字母为元音字母,但发音却为辅音音素的单词前要用a, 而不是an。如：
a unit 一个单位，一个单元；a uniform 一套制服；a university 一所大学；
a useful book 一本有用的书； a European 一个欧洲人
(注意这样的情况：There is a “u” in the word “sound”.)
2．以辅音字母开头，但是发音却以元音音素开头的词的前面要用an ,而不用a。如：
an hour 一个小时； an honest man 一个诚实的人
3．有些辅音字母的读音是以元音音素开始的，其前面也要用an, 而不是a。如：
an X-ray photograph 一张X光照片；
There is an “s” in the word “sit ” . 在单词sit里有一个s。
（注意：在强调a或an 时，则须分别读作/ /或/ /。）
4．“a / an + adj.+不可数名词”结构在英语里用得相当广泛。如；单独表达rain, wind , snow……时，他们是不可数的，可是前面有了形容词修饰的时 候，就可以用a/an来修饰，如：
a heavy rain 一场大雨；a light snow 一场小雪；a strong wind 一阵大风
5．“a + 序数词”表示“又一，再一”，并没有表示顺序的意思。如：
Can you give me a second chance, please? 你能再给我一次机会吗？（a second chance 相当于 another chance.）
There is a third boy over there.那边还有一个男孩。（说明这里有两个男孩，那边还有一个，但是这三个男孩和顺序排列无关。）
不定冠词的习惯用语的简单总结：
have a try试一试 have a look （at）看一看…… have a rest 休息一下 have a cold 感冒 have a drink (of) 喝一点…… have a good time 玩得很愉快
have a talk 谈话 have a party 聚会
have a pain 疼痛 have a good idea 有好主意
have a meeting 开会 a lot (of) 许多……
have a fever发烧 a little / few 一些，有一点 make a mistake 犯错误 have a cough 咳嗽
for a while 一会儿 after a while 一会儿以后
wait a minute 等一会儿 make a mistake 吵闹
go for a walk 散步 in a minute (while, moment)一会儿以后
二．定冠词the 的用法：
1．有些可数名词前加the，表示一类人或物。如：The lion is the king of animals.狮子是兽中之王。
(不过不可数名词表示一类，不加任何冠词。如：Water is a kind of matter.水是一种物质。)
2．在江河，海洋，海峡，湖泊，山脉，群岛前要加the。如：
the East Sea 东海 the West Lake 西湖
the Yellow River 黄河 the English Channel 英吉利海峡
the Alps 阿尔卑斯山脉 the Tianshan Mountains 天山山脉
（注意；“Mount Tai 泰山”前不加the。）
3．用于形容词或分词前，表示一类人。如：
the living and the dead 生者和死者
The young should speak to the old politely. 年轻人对老人说话要有礼貌。
4．“the +姓的复数”表示全家人或者夫妻俩。如：
The Zhangs are having lunch now. 张家正在吃午饭。
The Smiths are both English teachers. 史密斯夫妇俩都是英语老师。
5．有时the 用在副词，形容词的比较级前，指两者中“比较……的”那一个。如：
He is the taller of the two. 他是两者中较高的那个。
The fatter of the two men is my father. 那两个人中较胖一个的是我父亲。
6．the常用在same之前。如：
I think they are the same thing. 我认为它们是同一件事
在某些词组中有无定冠词含义不同。如：
go to school 去上学—— go to the school 去学校（不确定去做什么）
go to hospital 去医院看病——go to the hospital 去医院（上班或看望病人等）
go to church 去教堂（做礼拜）——go to the church 去教堂（不确定去做什么）
in class 在课堂上——in the class在教室里
at table 在桌子旁（吃饭）——at the table 坐在桌子旁（不确定做什么） （巧记：今天做了一道名菜，叫做“the”，把the吃进了肚子里，所以不加the 的at table就是坐在桌子旁吃饭）
in front of 在……的前面——in the front of 在……内部的前面（巧记：在第一讲已有陈述。）
in bed（卧病）躺在床上——in the bed 在床上（不一定是有病了。）
※ 从此可以看出不加定冠词的时候一般有某种具体的含义。
定冠词the的习惯用语的简单总结：
the day after tomorrow 后天 the day before yesterday前天
the same as 与 ……相同 on the left(right) 在左边（右边）
the other day 几天以前；前几天 by the way 顺便问一句
go to the cinema(theatre)去看电影（去剧院） in the day 在白天
in the morning 在早晨（上午） in the afternoon 在下午
in the evening 在晚上 in the end 最后，终于
all the year round 一年到头 at the end of… 在……的尽头
at the bottom of 在……的底部 at the top of 在……的顶部
in the distance 在远方 in the west of 在……的西部
on the way to… 在去……的路上 on the side of 在……的一边
※ 特别注意一点“零冠词+带定语的名词”结构，即在名词前有其他词，如物主代词，指示代词，不定代词，或名词所有格等等修饰时，不加冠词。如：
我的书 my book(√) the my book (×)
这一本书 this book (√) this a book(×)
1．There is ___ “h” in the word “hour”. （2003年南京市）
A. a B. the C. an D.不填
2． ___ earth we live on is bigger than___ moon.(2003年广东省)
A. The, a B. The, the C. An, a D. An, the
3．It is said ___ apple___ day keeps the doctor away. ( 2006年福建省莆田市)
A. an, the B. a, a C. an, a D. a, the
4． —Have you seen ___ pen? I left it here this morning. ( 山西省)
—Is it ___ black one? I think I saw it somewhere.
A．a, the B. the, the C. the, a D. a, a
5. Chinese is ___ useful language.(贵州省)
A. an B. much C. a
6. — What’s the matter with you ?
—I caught ___ bad cold and had to stay in ___bed.(天津市)
A．a, / B. a, the C. a, a D. the, the
7．—Yao Ming is ___ excellent basketball player. (湖南省)
A．a B. an C. the D. /
8. —Do you know ___ lady in blue?(2006年天津市)
—Yes. She is a teacher of a university.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
9．—Where’s ___ nearest supermarket?（2004年浙江台州市）
—It’s over there, just around the corner.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
10. Millie has ___ e-dog and it’s name is Hobo. (2006年南京市)
A．a B. an C. the D. /
冠词答案及解析：1—5：CBCDC 6—10：ABACB
1题考查“an用于元音音素开头的单词或字母前”的用法。h尽管是辅音字母，但是它的读音是以元音因素开始的。第5题同第1题，useful虽是以元音字母开头，但是读音却以辅音音素开始的，所以用a而不用an 。第7，10题均是考查不定冠词的这种用法。
2题考查了“the 用在世界上独一无二的事物前”的用法。本题的题意是“我们住的地球比月亮大。”
3题考查的是a /an 表示泛指“一，一个”。并且 a用于辅音音素开头的名词前；an 用于以元音音素开头的名词前。第4题和本题一个道理。
6题考查了a /an ,the 在固定词组里的用法。“have a bad cold 得了重感冒”，“stay in bed卧病在床” 。
8题考查the 表示特指的用法。根据题意知道是特指“穿蓝色衣服的那个夫人”。
9题考查“the 用在形容词的最高级前”的用法。题意为“最近的超市在哪里？”
即时练兵：
选择正确答案:
1．I heard somebody playing ___ .
A. piano B. a piano C. the piano D. pianos
2. Can you carry ___ chair for us, please?
A. a second B. the seconds C. second D. a two
3. They set up (建立) a school for___ .
A. a deaf (聋的) and a dumb (哑的) B. the deaf and the dumb
C. deaf and dumb D. a deaf and dumb
4. I love ___ mountains, but I hate ___ seas.
A. /, a B. a , / C. the , / D. the , the
5. ___ animal is coming at ___ old man. ___ young man is running over to help him.
A. A , a , A B. An , an , An C. A , an , An D. An , an , A
6. We can’t live without ___ water.
A. / B. an C. a D. the
7. ___ Blacks came to
A. / B. The C. A. D. An
8. He borrowed___ dictionary from ___ school library.
A. a, the B. the, a C. an, the D. a, a
9. ___ China is ___ largest country in ___ Asia (亚洲).
A. The, the, the B . /, the, / C. /, the, the D. The, a, /
10. The young man will work in ___ school as a maths teacher.
A. the B. a C. an D. /
用适当的冠词填空,不需要的填 “/”。
1． Don’t worry. There is still ___ little time left.
2． Let’s help ___ old woman cross the road.
3． Here is ___ red hat. Is it yours?
4． June 1 is ___ Children’s Day.
5． ___ harder we study, ___ more we’ll learn.
答案： 1—5： CABDD 6—10：ABABA
1. a 2. the 3. a 4. / 5. The, the
中考英语情态动词：各省历年真题实例详解
情态动词是初中英语里的一个重要语法项目,也是全国各省市中考试题的一个考查热点，本文以全国部分省市中考试题为例,对情态动词的考点和热点作一分析。
一、考查can的用法
a. 考查can表示能力的用法。
在这一用法中,can表示能力,意思是"能,会",其否定式can't表示"不能"。在过去时中用could和couldn't。例如:
1.-Where's Mr. Lee? I have something unusual to tell him.
-You________find him. He________Japan. (2003黑龙江)
A. may not; has gone to B. may not; has been to
C. can't; has gone to D. can't; has been to
2.-Finish drawing a horse in ten minutes. OK?
-Sorry. It________in such a short time. (2003山东威海)
A. may do B. can't be done
C. must do D. needn't be done
3. I have my own room in my house, so I________do what I want in it. (2002江西)
A. must B. have to C. need to D. can
4.________you mend my car? I______not start it. (2002常德市)
A. Would; would B. Must; must C. Can; can D. May; may
5.________she ride when she was three years old? (2002长沙市)
A. Can B. Could C. Need D. May
6. The boy________answer this kind of hard questions one year ago. (2002四川省)
A. can B. may C. could
Answers: 1. C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. C
b. 考查can表示推测的用法。
在这一用法中,can意为"可能",表示客观可能性,常常用于疑问句和否定句中。例如:
7. Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li?
-No, it________be him. Mr. Li is much taller. (2003河北)
A. mustn't B. may not C. can't D. needn't
8. -Listen! Someone is singing in the next room. Who________it be? Is it Wei Fang?
-No. It________be her. She is at school now. (2002重庆市)
A. will; may not B. must; mustn't C. may; can't D. may; won't
9. -Is Mr. Hu in the reading room?
-No, he________be there. He has gone to
A. mustn't B. needn't C. won't D. can't
10. Class 3 won the football match! ________it be true? (2002广东)
A. May B. Must C. Will D. Can
Answers: 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. D
c. 考查can / could表示请求许可的用法
在这一用法中,can和could都表示现在,用could比用can语气更加委婉客气,常用Could I / you...?句式,表示"我/你能……吗?"若表示同意要用can,不用could? 例如:
11.-Could I look at your pictures?
-Yes, of course you________. (2003武汉)
A. could B. can C. will D. might
12.________you pass me a pen? I'd like to write down the telephone number. (2002北京市海淀区)
A. Need B. Could C. Must D. Should
Answers: 11. B 12. B
二、考查must的用法
a.考查must表示义务的用法。
在这一用法中,must意为"必须","应该",表示必须要做的事,其否定式mustn't表示禁止,即不许对方做某事。例如:
13.-May I go to the cinema, Mum?
-Certainly. But you________be back by 11 o'clock. (2003安徽)
A. can B. may C. must D. need
14.-SARS is such a terrible disease.
-Yes, it is. We________be more careful. (2003浙江嘉兴)
A. can B. may C. must D. need
15. To make our city more beautiful, rubbish________into the river. (2003重庆)
A. needn't be thrown B. mustn't be thrown
C. can't throw D. may not throw
16. These books________out of the reading room. You have to read them here. (2003辽宁)
A. can't take B. must be taken C. can take D. mustn't be taken
17. Cars, buses and bikes________stop when traffic lights change to red. (2002上海市)
A. can B. may C. must D. need
Answers: 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. D 17. C
要注意must和have to的用法区别：must表示说话人的主观看法,而have to表示客观的需要,意思是"不得不" 例如:
18. -Can you go swimming with us this afternoon?
-Sorry, I can't. I________take care of my little sister at home because my mother is ill. (2003南京)
A. can B. may C. would D. have to
Answer: 18. D
回答must开头的一般疑问句,如果是否定的回答,要用needn't或don't have to,表示"不必","没有必要"的意思, 不用mustn't, 因为mustn't表示禁止或不许, 意思是"一定不要"的意思。例如:
19. -Must I finish the work before five o'clock?
-No, you________. (2003四川)
A. needn't B. mustn't C. have to
20. -________I come back before five o'clock?
-No, you________. But you________be back later than seven o'clock.(2002烟台市)
A. Need; must; mustn't B. May; mustn't; can't
C. Can; can't; can't D. Must; needn't; can't
21. -Must I clean the room right now?
-No, you________. You________clean it after lunch. (2002徐州市)
A. needn't; can B. needn't; may
C. mustn't; can D. mustn't; may
Answers: 19. A 20. D 21. B
b.考查must表示推测的用法。
在这一用法中,must意为"一定","肯定",表示可能性很大,通常用于肯定句,在否定句中要用can't,表示"不可能"。例如:
22. Susan's parents have bought a large house with a swimming pool. It ____be very expensive. (2003上海)
A. must B. can C. mustn't D. can't
23. This book________Lucy's. Look! Her name is on the book cover. (2002河南)
A. must be B. may be C. can't be D. mustn't be
Answers: 22. A 23. A
三、考查may的用法
a. 考查may表示请求许可的用法
在这一用法中,may表示许可或征询对方许可,表示"可以"的意思,常常与第一人称I连用,构成May I... 句式,表示"我可以……吗?"肯定回答用Yes, you may.; Yes, please.等;否定回答用No, you can't.或No, you mustn't.,不用No, you may not. 例如:
25. -________I have your name, please?
-Yes, Michael. M-I-C-H-A-E-L. (2002北京市东城区)
A. Must B. Will C. May D. Need
26. -May I go to the cinema, dad?
-No, you________. You must finish your homework first. (2002浙江金华市)
A. mustn't B. won't C. don't D. needn't
27. -May I smoke here?
-________, you________. It can be dangerous. (2002滨州市)
A. Yes; can B. No; can't
C. Yes; may D. No, needn't
Answers: 25. C 26. A 27. B
b. 测试may表示可能性的用法。
在这一用法中,may表示可能性,意思是"也许","可能",通常用于肯定句中。例如:
28. You________go and ask Meimei. She________know the answer. (2003天津)
A. must; can B. must; may
C. need; can D. can; may
29. Look out! The knife is very sharp. You________cut your finger. (2002宁夏)
A. need B. must C. should D. may
Answers: 28. D 29. D