九乡新闻网龙应台胭脂句子赏析:情态动词2
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情态动词
I. 前言：情态动词有词义，表说话人对某一动作或状态的感情和态度，与动词一起构成谓语。
II．情态动词的用法
may/might,can/could ,must,ought to, will/would,shall/should ,need,dare,used to
1.may:
1）表示“允许”
---May I use your car for a few days ? 可以
--- Yes , please./Certainly./ You may. 或 No, you may not./No, you mustn’t./You’d better not.
People may not pick flowers in the park. 不得
2）表示事实上的“可能”（用于肯定句和否定句） It may rain tomorrow. He may not be serious.
疑问句用likely/can 如：Is it likely to rain? Do you think it is likely to rain? Can that be true?
2．Might
1) may 的过去式 He asked me if he might（可以） take it away. He thought it might（可能） be true.
2) 表示“允许“ 语气更委婉 ---Might I use your dictionary? ---Yes , please.
3) 表示“可能”语气更不肯定 He might come tomorrow.
3.can
1) 表示“能力” Can you speak English?
2) 表示“许可”--Can I go now? –Yes, you can. //No , you can’t.
3）表示“可能” --Can the news be true? –No, it can’t be true
Lightening can be dangerous. （可能是）
Smoking can cause cancer.(有可能)
Even Experienced teachers can make mistakes.
She can be very naughty at times.
注：can 用于肯定句表示从理论上和逻辑上的可能性或一时的情况“有时会”
4）用于否定句或疑问句表示惊讶或不相信 How can you be so conceited?
4．could
1) can的过去时 He could sing very well when he is young.
The fire spread the building but everyone was able to escape.(was able to 表某一特定或具体的能力，不用could它表示泛指过去的能力)
2) 指现在/将来的“能力/意愿”
Could you run the company by youself?
Come when you like ,I could see you at any time
3) 指现在/将来的“可能性”
You mustn’t smoke while you are walking. You could start a fire.
Don’t eat it. It could be poisonous.
There could be trouble at the match tomorrow.
4) 指现在/将来的“允许”（比can更具有试探性和不肯定性）
I wonder if I could use your phone.
Could I see you now /tomorrow?
Could you lend me your pen?
5.must
1）表示“必须”（用于疑问句和肯定句） Everyone must obey the law.
回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to。
--Must I go now? --No, you needn’t. // No,You don’t have to // Yes, you must.
注意：must没有过去时/将来时/完成时， 要用have to代替
注意：mustn’t 表示“不准，不许” You mustn’t smoke here.
2）表示“一定” 用于肯定句
You must be joking. There must be a mistake.
若表“一定不”用can not 如He can’t have been to your home. He does’t know your address.
3）表示 “偏要，硬要”
If you must smoke, at least you could use an ashtray.
Why must it always rain on Saturtdays?
6.ought to
表示“应该”（义务）=should You ought to take care of her.
Ought I to go now? –Yes, you ought to . //No, you oughtn’t to.
表示“应当已经，想必”（推测） Tom ought to know her address. // She ought to (=should)be home by now.
7．will
1) 表示“愿意，打算，意志”
I will(=am willing to) lend you the book if you need it.
I will write to her tomorrow.
I will never give up.绝不会放弃
2) 在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示“请求”
Will you please take a message for him?
Let us go to the cinema, will you? 好吗
Come down quickly, will/won’t you? 好吗
Don’t run in the street, will you? 好吗
3）表示习惯性动作
A drowning man will catch at a straw.
He’ll talk for hours, if you let him.总是要
When I get on a bus and I see an advert, I will read it.总是要
4)表规律 表示某些自然规律必定会发生，它表示现在时间，不是将来时间。
Oil will float on water.
Oil and water will not mix.
5) 表示“意愿” 否定句中 won’t 的主语可以是人或物 （通过拟人化的手段来实现的）
If he will pay , I’ll go with him.愿意
If he won’t help us, all our plans will be ruined.
The door won’t open/refuses to open.打开
I bought this radio here yesterday, but it won’t work/doesn’t work. 24班级 here
6)表推测 “可能/大概” （说话人有很好的理由根据）
There is a ring at the door. That will be my wife, I suppose.
Let’s not go shopping today. The shops will be crowded.
He will have gone back to London.可能已经
She will have had her dinner by now.想必/可能
It will be snowing now in London. 可能正在
7）表示命令“必须”
You will report to the principle at once.
No one will leave the examination room before 12 o’clock
8.would
1) will的过去时 He felt that he would never recover.
2) 表示委婉地提出请求，愿望，看法 Would you do me a favor ? I would like to ask you a question.
3) 表过去习惯动作，“过去常常” 后不接be, have, believe但Used to 后可以接任何动词
He would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all.
Often at night he would hear a long low whistle.
People used to believe that the earth was flat.
4) 表示“执意，坚持”
His parents wouldn’t let im marry anyone whose family was poor.
I handed him some money, but he wouldn’t take the money.
9.shall
1) 用于问句（用于一，三人称）表示征询听话人意见(要求听者做决定)“要不要”
Shall we eat out tonight?
Shall I open the window?
Shall he wait here or outside?
2) 在陈述句中， 用于第二，三人称，表示说话人给对方以命令， 警告， 允诺或威胁或宣布法规
You shall go with me.
Tell her that he shall have the book tomorrow.
He shall be punished if he does it again.
The candidates(应考人) shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
10.should
1) 表示责任，义务 “应当” You should pay him.
2) 用于虚拟条件句和名词性从句中（虚拟语气）
3) 与完成式连用表示“本应该” You should have finished your homework yesterday.
4) 表示（按道理应该---“有猜测的含义） They should be at home by now.
The concert should be great fun. The poems should be out in a month.
5) 表示惊异，不以为然等情绪
Why should you talk to her like that? 竟然
I can’t think why he should have said that. 想不明白他为什么竟然---
11.need
1)实意动词 You don’t need to go. The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
2) 情态动词（没有过去时）
只用于否定句和疑问句，“需要”、“必须”
--Need I go now?
--Yes, you must.或I’m afraid you must.或No, you needn’t (=don’t have to)
12.dare
1) 实意动词 dare to do He doesn’t dare (to) answer. Does he dare (to)go?
2) 情态动词 （用于疑问句和否定句中，有过去时）
Dare you go home alone?=Do you dare to go home?
She dare not go out alone at night. (dared not go/ didn’t dare (to)go / doesn’t dare(to)go
情态动词小结
1表示推测的词may/might/must+ 三种时态 注意翻译疑问句
2.may not 可能不can not不可能 must not 不许
3．Ought to have done本应该做 ---/应当已经
He ought to have arrived by now. 应当已经 You ought to have done it by youself.
4. should have done本应该做--- You should have come to the meeting earlier.
5.must have done一定做过了--- 此结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。如：He must have arrived in Shanghai.
6.may/might have done 可能已经 He might/may have caught a cold.
Might have done 本来有可能---的（推测过去有可能发生，但已确定并未发生的事）
You might have given him more help, though（虽然） you were busy.
7.can /could not have done 不可能---的 They can’t/couldn’t have gone out because the light’s on !
8.could have done 本来能/可能已经 You could have helped me.
The letter could have got lost in the post.
The accident could have been prevented, but he was too careless.
9.was/were to have done 想做而没做 He was to have given the first talk, but he came late. 他本来第一个发言，但来晚了。
10.would like/love to have done 本想做— 但没做成 I would like to have gone to the party, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
11.needn’t have done 本不必做--- You needn’t have got up so early.
12.was/were supposed to do 本该做--- You were not supposed to smoke in here.你本不应该在这吸烟。
13.can have done 对过去事件的可能性推测，只用于否定/疑问句
情态动词的用法比较
1．Can / be able to
The baby will be able to walk in a few weeks.（be able to 有将来时，而can没有）
He has been able to talk to us in English since he was four.（be able to 有完成时。而can 没有）
The fire spread through the hotel quickly but everyone was able to get out.
(was able to表示某人某一场合设法作成了某事，不用could)
He could read when he was five years old.（could 表示过去习惯性动作的完成，was able to 无此用法）
2.Would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式。如：
I’d rather not say anything.
Would you rather work on a farm?
---Wouldn’t you rather stay here?
---No, I would not. I’d rather go there.
由于would rather表选择，因而后可接than。如：
I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.
I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.
I’d rather you didn’t talk about this to anyone. （句中的’d rather不是情态动词，would在此是表愿望的实义动词）
情态动词精练
1. "When _____ he leave the hospital?" I asked the doctor.
A. will B. shall C. can D. may
2.--- They have not finish the work up to now.
---Well, they ______
A. should have B. should C. ought to D. ought have
3. Since it is already midnight, we______.
A. had better leaving B. ought to have leave
C. should take our leave D. might as well leave
4.____ you be happy!
A. May B. Can C. Must D. Would
5. Must we come tomorrow?
A. No, you can't B. No, you needn't
C. No, you mustn't D. No, you may not
6. You ___miss the lesson, though we___ have it on Thursday.
A. mustn't...needn't B. needn't....mustn't
C. mustn't...mustn't D. needn't...needn't
7. To succeed in a difficult task,_____.
A. one needs to work hard B. to work hard is needed
C. you need be a hard working person D. to work hard is what one needs
8. In case I______, I would try again.
A. will fail B. would miss C. should fail D. shall miss
9. Some people feel that handguns______.
A. should control B. should be controlled
C. must be controlling D. can be control
10. ______ open the door for you ?
A. Would you like that I B. Do you want that I
C. Will I D. Shall I
11. He doesn’t have to work tomorrow, but you have got to,___ you?
A. don’t B. haven’t C. haven’t got D. can’t
12. You ____wake me up when I fall asleep,____ you?
A. haven’t better; have B. would not rather; would
C. had better not; should. D. had not better; must
13---Why! I couldn’t get you on the phone this morning.
---We ____tennis in the yard when you phoned me.
A. could be playing B. must be playing C. must have been playing D. should have played
14. ---We didn’t see him at the lecture.
---Neither did anybody else. He ___ it.
A. may not have attended B. mustn’t attend C. can’t have attended D. couldn’t attend
15. ---I came here by taxi and the driver charged me 50 Yuan.
---Really? You ___have come by bus.
A. could B. must C. may D. should
16. ----Do you still remember when we went to the great wall
----I can’t remember it well, but____ it have been sometimes last may?
A. should B. must C. could D. would
17. ---I wonder why Mr lin didn’t come to work.
---He ___have been ill.
A. needn’t B. should C. might D. can
18.---No one passed the mathematics last night.
---I guess we___ the exercises last night.
A. could review B. should review C. might review D. should have reviewed
19. She____the hospital so soon, for she hasn’t yet recovered.
A. wouldn’t have left B. shouldn’t have left C. needn’t have left D. hadn’t
20. Why didn’t you tell me there was no meeting today? I ___ all the way. Here through the heavy snow.
A. needn’t have driven B. can’t have driven
C. must have driven D. shouldn’t have driven
练习题答案
BADAB AACBD
BCCCD CCDBA
十年高考情态动词考点回放
1. ----Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there? (04. NMET1. 29)
----No, it ____ be him. I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
2. You ____ be tired— you’ve only been worked for an hour. (04. NMET2. 29)
A. must not B. won’t C. can’t D. may not
3. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I ____ report it to the police? (04. NMET3. 21)
A. should B. may C. will D. can
4. ----Tom graduated from college at a very young age. (04. NMET4. 22)
----Oh, he ____ have been a very smart boy then.
A. could B. should C. might D. must
5. ----I don’t mind telling you what I know. (04. 江苏 . 22)
----You ____. I’m not asking you for it.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
6. ----Who is the girl standing over there? (04. 天津. 31)
---- Well, if you ____ know, her name is Mabel.
A. may B. can C. must D. shall
7. I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. (04. 浙江. 26)
A. should B. might C. would D. could
8. ----Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
----You ____ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. (04. 湖南. 28)
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
9. ----I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. (04. 福建. 32)
-----You ____ her last week.
A. ought to tell B. would have told
C. must tell D. should have told
10. ----Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
----Sorry, I am not sure. But it ____ be. (04. 湖北. 26)
A. might B. will C. must D. can
11. Children under 12 years of age in that country ____ be under adult supervision when in a public library. (04. 上海. 28)
A. must B. may C. can D. need
12. “The interest ____ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. (04. 重庆. 24)
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
13. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ____ not like the design of the furniture.(o4,上海春招，29)
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
14. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. (03. NMET. 28)
A. should B. can C. must D. will
15. How ____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? (03. 上海. 29)
A. can B. must C. need D. may
16. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter ____ go and do the opposite. (03. 春招.)
A. may B. can C. must D. should
17．----The room is so dirty. _____ we clean it?
----Of course.( 03. 北京春招,21)
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
18．My English-Chinese dictionary has been disappeared. Who ____ have taken it? (03. 上海春招. 24)
A. should B. must C. could D. would
19. ----Is John coming by train?
----He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car. (02. NMET. 25)
A. must B. can C. need D. may
20. ----I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
----It ____ true because there was little snow there. (02. NMET.北京 31)
A. may not be B. won’t C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t
21. It has been announced that candidates _____ remain in their seats until all papers have been collected.(02, 上海, 27)
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
22. ----I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. ____ I have a look?
----Yes, certainly. (02. NMET.春季北京 29)
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. should
23. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I so much fried chicken just now. (02. 春季上海28)
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
24. I was really anxious about you. You home without a word. (01. NMET. 33)
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
25. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady. (01, 上海, 34)
A. might B. need C. should D. would
26. ----Write to me when you get home.
---- . (01. NMET.春季北京 6 )
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
27. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? (01. NMET.春季上海 27)
A. can B. should C. may D. must
28. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he your lecture. (00, 上海, 23)
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
29. Sorry, I’m late. I have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. (00. NMET.春季北京 20 )
A. might B. should C. can D. will
30. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You come, but why didn’t you? (99, 上海, 14)
A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have
31. ----When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
----They be ready by 12:00. (98. NMET. 13)
A. can B. should C. might D. need
32. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out. (97. NMET. 24)
A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
33. When he was there, he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. (96. 上海. 12)
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
34. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack be here at any moment. (95. NMET. 30)
A. must B. need C. should D. can
35. ----____ she use the computer in the office?
----Yes, please.
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Will
36. Everything has two sides. Beautiful song, sometimes ____ be just noise to others.
A. must B. may C. should D. could
37. Why didn’t you tell me yesterday that you could lend me some money? I ____ money from the bank.
A. needn’t borrow B. can’t have borrowed
C. needn’t have borrowed D. may not have borrowed
38. The director insisted the plan ____ reasonable and we _____.
A. was; carry it out B. were; carried it out
C. was; carried it out D. be; carry it out
39. ----I saw Mr. Smith at West Beijing Station this morning.
----You ____. He’s still on holiday in Hawaii.
A. couldn’t have B. mustn’t have
C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
40. Someone ____ my umbrella. I found it wet yesterday.
A. was using B. must have used
C. has used D. has been using
the key to Modal Verbs
1----5 ACADD 6----10 CAADA 11-----15 ADCBA 16----20 CBCDC
21---25 DBCBC 26---30 CAAAD 31----35 BCACA 36----40 BCAAB
情态动词专项练习
Ⅰ. 单项选择
1.I thought you like something to read, so I have brought you some books.[ ]
A. may B. might C. could D. must
2. You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.[ ]
A. needn't to come B. don't need come
C. don't need coming D. needn't come
3. He you more help, even though he was very busy. [ ]
A. might have given B. might give
C. may have given D. may give
4.─ I help you with some shoes, madam?
─ Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones. [ ]
A. Will B. Should C. May D. Must
5. The reason why they leave wasn't explained to us. [ ]
A. had B. had to C. must D. might
6. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. I thought I it at home. [ ]
A. left B. have left
C. might have left D. could have left
7. I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing. [ ]
A. could have fallen B. should have fallen
C. must have fallen D. mustn't have fallen
8. The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon they return to their school. [ ]
A. can B. must C. have to D. ought to
9. I want to go to the chemist's, but you go with me. [ ]
A. need not B. must not C. need D. must
10. I thought it over, but come to no conclusion. [ ]
A. can B. could C. should D. would
11. What we get seems better than what we have. [ ]
A. can B. could C. can't D. Couldn’t
12.─My goodness! I've just missed the train.
─That's too bad. I am sure you it, if you had hurried. [ ]
A. could have caught B. had caught
C. would catch D. could catch
13. Look! What you've done! You more careful.[ ]
A. may be B. had to
C. should have been D. would be
14. I repeat the question? [ ]
A. Shall B. Will C. Do you want that D. Do
15. Professor Li, many students want to see you. they wait here or outside![ ]
A. Do B. Will C. Shall D. Are
16. You read that book if you don't want to. [ ]
A. haven't B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
17. Johnny, you play with the knife; you hurt yourself.[ ]
A. won't; can't B. can't; shouldn't
C. shouldn't; must D. mustn't; may
18. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack be here at any moment. [ ]
A. must B. need C. can D. should
19. ─ There were already 5 people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
─ It a comfortable journey. [ ]
A. can't be B. shouldn't be
C. couldn't have been D. mustn't have been
20. Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm.[ ]
A. have told B. tell
C. be telling C. having told
21. Everyone is here. we start the meeting? [ ]
A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Shall
22. I parked my car right here but now it's gone. It . [ ]
A. must be stolen B. may be stolen
C. must have stolen D. must have been stolen
23. He the work yesterday, but he didn't.[ ]
A. must have finished B. need have finished
C. finished D. should have finished
24. He did not pass the examination. As a good student, he .[ ]
A. mustn't have failed
B. may not have failed
C. needn't have failed
D. shouldn't have failed
25. it be true that Albert passed the test in geography? [ ]
A. May B. should C. Could D. would
26. You lead a horse to the water but you not make it drink.[ ]
A. will; can B. may; can
C. may; dare D. dare; can
27. ─Must we finish the composition in class?
─No, you . [ ]
A. needn't B. mustn't
C. won't D. shouldn't
28. Her eyes were red. She .[ ]
A. must cry B. must be cried
C. must have been crying D. may cry
29. Mary his letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. [ ]
A. has received
B. must receive
C. couldn't have received
D. shouldn't have received
30. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her. [ ]
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out
Ⅱ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
─Hello. Gerry speaking.
─Hello, Gerry. It's me John here. Why aren't you here at the meeting?
─Well, I'm terribly sorry, but I'm not feeling very well.
─Is that all? We thought you might (have) an accident or (forget) the day or something.
─No, I'm sorry. I was sick all night. I think it must (be) the fish I ate last night.
─Well, I think you should at least (phone) Kate and (tell) her you weren't coming to the meeting.
─Yes, I suppose I should (do) so. I'm sorry about that. Anyway, I think I'll be able to get in to work tomorrow.
─OK, Take care and don't eat any more fish.
─I won't. Thanks for calling.
─That's all right.
Ⅲ. 用would, should, must , have to 填空
1.─ I have not a raincoat with me.
─That's why I wait until the rain stops.
2. you be so kind as to keep an eye on my house while I am away?
3. It is important that I see him at once.
4. the pain return，take one of these pills.
5. They didn't dare to leave the train lest they be attacked by wolves.
6. He ordered that Tom leave the house at once.
7. The last bus has left. We walk home.
8. The weather was bad. We wait for two hours at the airport before we took off.
9. You come and see us sometime.
10.The letter be translated into English.
Ⅳ. 把下列句子译成英语
1.她一定把钥匙丢了.
2.他们一定走了,可是应当给我留一个条子呀!
3.你本不必要把整个课文都译成汉语.
4.我是可能早一些来的,可是我在路上碰到一个朋友.
5.下一次你应该更小心些.
参考答案
Ⅰ.
1.B 2.D 3.A 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. B
11.C 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.D 17.D 18.D 19.C 20.A
21.D 22.D 23.D 24.D 25. C 26.B 27.A 28.C 29.C 30.C
Ⅱ. have had; forgotten; be; have；honed; told; have done;
Ⅲ. 1. have to 2. Would 3. should 4. Should 5. should 6. should 7. have to/will have to
8. had to 9. must 10. must
Ⅳ.
1. She must have lost her key.
2. The must have left, but they should have left us a note.
3. You needn't have translated the whole text into Chinese.
4. I could have arrived a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.
5. You should be more careful next time.
情态助动词专题训练
概 说
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be；情态助动词有十三个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能：
1） 构成否定式：
He didn’t go and neither did she.
The meeting might not start until 5 o’clock.
2） 构成疑问式或附加疑问式：
Must you leave right now?
You have been learning French for 5 years, haven’t you?
3） 构成修辞倒装：
Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
4） 代替限定动词词组：
A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?
B: Tom can.
A: Shall I write to him?
B: Yes, do.
情态助动词的特征
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：
What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义）
I am afraid I must be going. （一定要）
You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经）
除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：
1） 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式：
We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.
2） 情态助动词在限定动词词组总总是位居第一：
They need not have been punished so severely.
3） 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式：
She dare not say what she thinks.
4） 情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式、-ing分词和-ed分词形式：
Still, she needn’t have run away.
5） 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间：
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
6） 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用：
You should have washed the wound.
Well, you shouldn’t be reading a novel.
现将情态助动词的各种形式列表如下：
肯定式
否定式
简略否定式
may
might
may not
might not
mayn’t
mightn’t
can
could
can not, cannot
could not
can’t
couldn’t
will, ’ll
would, ’d
will not, ’ll not
would not, ’d not
won’t
wouldn’t
shall
should
shall not
should not
shan’t
shouldn’t
must
must not
mustn’t
need
need not
needn’t
dare
dare not
daren’t
used to
used not to
didn’t use(d) to
usedn’t to
ought to
ought not to
oughtn’t to
情态助动词的意义和用法
情态助动词从最普通的意义上来说，是修饰分句意义的一种方式，它可以反映说话者对其表述是否真实和可能的程度作出判断。但不同的情态助动词本身所包含的意义和用法又不同，下面逐个分析。
1） can和could的用法
1． 表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。如：
Can you finish this work tonight?
Man cannot live without air.
— Can I go now? — Yes, you can.
注意：①could也可表示请求，预期委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can（即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如：
Could I come to see you tomorrow?
Yes, you can. （否定答语可用No, I’m afraid not.）
②can表示能力时，还可用be able to代替。如：
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
2． 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）
Can this be true?
How can you be so careless!
This cannot be done by him.
3． “can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。如：
He cannot have been to that town.
Can he have got the book?
2） may和might的用法
1． 表示许可。
表示请求、允许时，might比many的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn’t表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如：
You may drive the car.
— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn’t.
用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。
2． 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：
May you succeed!
3． 表示推测、可能（疑问句不能用于此意）。
He may be very busy now.
4． “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。如：
He may not have finished the work.
3） must和have to的用法
1． 表示必须、必要。如：
You must come in time.
回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to。
— Must we hand in our exercise books today?
— Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.)
2． “must be + 表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
This must be your pen.
3． “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
He must have been to Shanghai.
4． have to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同：
① must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。如：
The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
② must一般只表现在，have则有更多的时态形式。
③ 二者的否定意义不大相同。如：
You mustn’t go. 你可不要去。
You don’t have to go. 你不必去。
④ 询问对方的意愿时应用must。如：
Must I clean all the room?
4） dare和need的用法
1． need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如：
You needn’t come so early.
— Need I finish the work today?
— Yes, you must.
注意：needn’t + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。如：
You needn’t have waited for me.
2． Dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如：
How dare you say I’m unfair.
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3． Dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如：
I dare to swim across this river.
He does not dare (to) answer.
Don’t you dare (to) touch it!
I wondered he dare (to) say that.
He needs to finish it this evening.
5） shall和should的用法
1． Shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。如：
What shall we do this evening?
2． Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如：
Shall we begin our lesson?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
3． Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如：
You shall fail if you don’t work harder. （警告）
He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允诺）
He shall be punished. （威胁）
4． Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。如：
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
Should的含义较多，用法较活，现介绍三种其特殊用法。请看下面的句子：
① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。
② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞错了。
③ I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。
④ This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。
从以上例句可以看出：情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。
Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如：
⑤ Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她，请让她给我打个电话。
⑥ If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意，请通知我们。
⑦ Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间，我就来。
此外，Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如：
⑧ Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚？
⑨ — Where is Betty living? — 贝蒂住在哪里？
— How should I know? — 我怎么会知道呢？
⑩ I don’t know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。
5． “should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务，表示应该做到而实际上没有做到，并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。如：
She should have finished it.
I should have helped her, but I never could.
You should have started earlier.
6） will和would的用法
1． 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。如：
Would you pass me the book?
2． 表示意志、愿望和决心。如：
I will never do that again.
They asked if we would do that again.
3． 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如：
This will be the book you want.
He will have arrived by now.
The guests would have arrived by that time.
I thought you would have finished this by now.
4． Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某中倾向。Would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：
The wound would not heal.
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
5． 表料想或猜想。如：
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
I thought he would have told you all about it.
7） ought to的用法
1． Ought to表示应该。如：
You ought to take care of him.
2． 表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别：
He must be at home by now. （断定他已到家）
He ought to be home by now. （不十分肯定）
This is where the oil must be. （比较直率）
This is where the oil ought to be. （比较含蓄）
3． “ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。如：
You ought to have asked him (but you didn’t).
这时，ought to和should可以互相换用。
注意：在美国英语中，ought to用于否定句和疑问句时，to可以省略。如：
Ought you smoke so much?
You oughtn’t smoke so much.
8） used to，had better，would rather的用法
1． Used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。如：
He told us he used to play football when he was young.
在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式：
疑问句
Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?
Used you to go to the same school as your brother?
否定句
I usedn’t to go there.
I didn’t use to go there.
Usedn’t 亦可拼作usen’t，但发音皆为[ju:znt]。
否定疑问句
Usen’t you to be interested in the theatre?
Didn’t you use to be interested in the theatre?
强调句
I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago.
I certainly did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.
其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：
She used to be very fat, didn’t she? （正式）/ use(d)n’t she? （口语）
Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did.
Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did. (Yes, I used to.)
2． Had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。如：
— We had better go now.
— Yes, we had (we’d better / we had better).
Hadn’t we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)
I think I’d better be going. （用于进行时态，表“最好立即”）
You had better have done that. （用于完成时态，表未完成动作）
注：①had best与had better同意，但较少用。②You had better … 用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。
3． Would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式。如：
I’d rather not say anything.
Would you rather work on a farm?
— Wouldn’t you rather stay here?
— No, I would not. I’d rather go there.
由于would rather表选择，因而后可接than。如：
I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.
I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.
I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.
I’d rather you didn’t talk about this to anyone. （句中的’d rather不是情态动词，would在此是表愿望的实义动词）
练习部分
一、基础训练
1）单项选择
1. You ___ hand it in at once, you may hand it in tomorrow.
(A) needn't (B) may not (C) can't (D) must not
2. "That must be a mistake." "No it ___ a mistake."
(A) must not be (B) needn't be (C) cannot be (D) would not be
3. You ___ go now. It's getting late.
(A) had rather (B) would (C) had better (D) would
4. Since the bus is crowded, we ___.
(A) had better walk to home (B) have better walk home
(C) had better walk home (D) had better to walk home
5. "You ___ come in now, Mary! It's getting cold!" “I ___ go on playing in the garden."
(A) had better...had better (B) would rather...had better
(C) had better...would rather (D) had better...would have better
6. When I was a boy, I ___ chocolate.
(A) would like (B) was used to like (C) should like (D) used to like
7. I wasn't supposed to go to the movies, but I ___ myself.
(A) cannot help (B) couldn't but (C) had to help (D) couldn't help
8. Looking at my determined face, the big boy ___ pick up the fight.
(A) dares not (B) dare not (C) doesn't dare (D) dares not to
9. He began to write two hours ago. He ___ have finished the article now.
(A) must (B) ought (C) ought to (D) had to
10. You ___ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
(A) needn't to come (B) don't need come (C) don't need coming (D)needn't come
11. ___ you be here at eight o'clock tomorrow morning?
(A) Would (B) Should (C) Can (D) Could
12. ___ I have a talk with the Party Secretary now?
(A) Will (B) Did (C) May (D) Can
13. "You ___ read that article if you don’t want to.”
(A) needn't (B) mustn’t (C) haven't (D) can’t
14. When the storm comes all windows ___.
(A) ought to close (B) ought to be closing (C) ought to be closed (D) ought to closed
15. I ___ me what happened.
(A) would like you tell (B) would like you to tell
(C) would like you telling (D) would like you that you tell
16. I hope you can visit my country soon, because___ to show you some of the beautiful places near my home.
(A) I like (B) I'd like (C) I will like (D) I shall like
17. She ___ for yesterday's test, but she didn’t.
(A)should have studied (B) would study (C) might be studying (D)must have studied
18. He ___ breakfast at eight o'clock when he lived alone. But nowadays he ___ it at seven.
(A) was used to have ... is having (B) was used to having ...is having
(C) used to have ... has (D) used to having ...was
19. In the old society Grandpa Zhou ___ to work long hours a day.
(A) was working (B) was having (C) had (D) has
20. Everybody ___ in bed.
(A) has to spend some time (B) have to spend some time
(C) has to spend sometimes (D) have to spend sometimes
2) 选择合适的词或词组填空
1. I have a headache. I __________ take an aspirin.
(had better; would better)
2. He looks sleepy. He must __________ bed very late last night.
(go; have gone)
3. I want to go to the office, but you __________ with me.
(need not to go; need not go)
4. I ought __________ those books to the library last week.
(to have taken; to take)
5. The mother is telling her son, “You __________ eat with your fingers!”
(wouldn’t; mustn’t)
6. He was a good swimmer so he _______ swim to the river bank when the boat sank. (was able to; could)
7. To travel from England to Scotland you __________ a passport.
(don’t need; needn’t)
8. He went on foot, but he __________ by bus.
(ought have gone; should have gone)
9. A: Did Ken take the job in the bookstore?
B: No, but I think he __________.
(must have; should have)
10. He __________ talk for hours, if you let him.
(can; will)
11. You __________ use this toothbrush, it’s mine.
(may not; shall not)
12. No matter what people say, I __________ do as I like.
(shall; will)
13. “I’m willing to let you take whatever you like.” Means “you ______ take whatever you like.” (shall; will)
14. A: I haven’t felt well for a week.
B: You __________ see a doctor.
(had better; should have to)
15. A: He is late, __________ he have missed the bus?
B: Yes, he must have missed the bus.
(Can; Must)
二、强化练习
1) 选择填空
1. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
2. One ought _____ for what one hasn’t done.
A. not to be punished B. to not be punished
C. to not punished D. not be punished
3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must ___ always ___ so much.
A. not; be smoking B. not; have smoked
C. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking
4. With so much work on hand, you _____ to see the game last night.
A. mustn’t go B. shouldn’t go C. couldn’t have gone D. shouldn’t have gone
5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it ______ better organized.
A. had been B. had to be C. must have been D. could have been
6. I’m surprised that he _____ in the exam.
A. should fail B. would have failed C. may have failed D. should have failed
7. The little girl _____ there alone.
A. not dare go B. dares not go C. dare not go D. dare not to go
8. “Must we do it now?” “No, you _____.”
A. won’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. don’t
9. He said he would rather not _____ it right now.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing
10. You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come C. don’t need coming D. needn’t come
11. Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
12. I _____ play football than baseball.
A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer
13. I thought you _____ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might C. could D. must
14. There was plenty of times. She _____.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
15. The plant is dead. I _____ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given
16. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
17. It’s still early, you _____.
A. mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry
18. Please open the window, _____?
A. can’t you B. aren’t you C. do you D. will you
19. We _____ for her because she never came.
A. mustn’t have waited B. shouldn’t have waited
C. mustn’t wait D. needn’t wait
20. — May I stop here? — No, you _____.
A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t
21. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, _____.
A. won’t we B. will we C. don’t we D. shall we
22. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
23. — Please don’t make a noise.
— _____. I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. Yes, I won’t B. No, I won’t C. No, I will D. Yes, I will
24. The young man has made so much noise that he _____ not have been allowed to attend the concert.
A. could B. must C. would D. should
25. — Where is John? — He _____ in the library.
A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been
26. Since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.
A. it must rain B. it must be raining
C. it must have rained D. it must have been rain
27. — Will your brother stay home tonight?
— I’m not quite sure. He _____ to the cinema tonight.
A. must go B. can go C. may go D. may be going
28. She’s already two hours late. What ______ to her?
A. can have happened B. may have happened
C. should have happened D. must happen
29. You must be a writer, _____?
A. mustn’t you B. are you C. must you D. aren’t you
30. I got up early that morning, but I _____ so because I had no work to do.
A. mustn’t have done B. didn’t need to do
C. needn’t have done D. can’t have done
31. He _____ have come here yesterday, but he didn’t.
A. could B. should C. ought to D. all the above
32. I missed the last bus, so I _____ go home on foot.
A. must B. have to C. may D. had to
33. He ought to win the first prize, _____ he?
A. oughtn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. both A and B
34. Everyone _____ do his best for the modernizations of our country.
A. can B. may C. should D. might
35. Let’s clean our classroom, _____?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
36. Let us play basketball, ______?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
37. He asked me for this book many times. Please tell him that he _____ have it tomorrow.
A. must B. may C. shall D. both B and C
38. “Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 9568442.”
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
39. Mother _____ us stories when we were children.
A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling
40. She would rather _____ more money on books _____ on clothes.
A. cost … not B. to spare … don’t C. pay … than D. spend … than
2）强化练习题
1) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing.
A) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washed
C) must not have washed D) can not have washed
2) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he____ last night.
A) should study B) should have studied
C) must have studied D) must have to study
3) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned.
A) can't have been B) shouldn't have been
C) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been
4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.
A) must have sailed B) can sail C) might have sailed D) should have sailed 5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.
A) should have been B) must have been C) must be D) should be 6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He ____ his mind.
A) can't have changed B) wouldn't have changed
C) must have changed D) shouldn't have changed
7) You____ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.
A) needn't go B) had better not go C) should not go D) needn't have gone
8) We____ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.
A) must receive B) ought to receive
C) must have received D) ought to have received
9) With all the work on hand, he____ to the cinema last night.
A) mustn't go B) shouldn't have gone C) could not go D) couldn't have gone
10) Eve was late for class again. She ____earlier.
A) should get up B) must get up C) need to get up D) should have got up
11) I am feeling sick. I____ so much chocolate.
A) needn't have eaten B) couldn't have eaten
C) mustn't have eaten D) shouldn't have eaten
12) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I ____.
A) had B) would do C) should have D) might have to
13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he____ Tom to go with him.
A) might have asked B) should asked C) must have asked D) should have asked
14) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I____ there earlier.
A) ought to get B) ought to have got C) must have got D) must get
15) The road was muddy. It____ last night.
A) must rained B) must have rained C) must be rained D) could have rained
16) She can speak quite fluent English. She____.
A) must been in the U.S.A. for some time
B) must have been in the U.S.A. for some time
C) should have been in the U.S.A. for some time
D) May be in the U.S.A. for some time
17) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he____.
A) was used to be B) used to be C) was used to D) use to
18)“We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He ___it.”
A) mustn't visit B) can't have visited C) should have gone to see D) may see
19) Mary ____my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
A) should have received B) has received
C) couldn't have received D) ought to have received
20) I ____ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.
A) would have liked to give B) liked to give
C) have liked to give D) would like to give
21)“Where ____ my umbrella?”“Somebody ____ it away by mistake.”
A) is, must have taken B) is, must take
C) have been, must take D) is, takes
22) What ____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?
A) will you suppose B) you suppose
C) do you suppose D) you would suppose
23) Two eyes ____see more than one.
A) can B) may C) will D) should
24) ____ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.
A) Would B) Will C) May D) Should
25) We ought to help each other in our work, ____?
A) oughtn't we B) should we C) shouldn't we D) ought to we
26) Tom ____ better than to ask Dick for help.
A) shall know B) shouldn't know C) has known D) should have known
27) You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.
A) had better got B) had to get better C) had better to get D) had better get
28) When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we ____.
A) needn't hurry B) didn't need hurry
C) needn't to hurry D) needn't have hurried
29) It was really very dangerous; you ____ him seriously.
A) might have injured B) could injure
C) should have injured D) must injure
30) As he had heart attack, he was told that he ____ continue the work.
A) needn't B) may not C) mustn't D) can't
31) An Englishman who ____not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.
A) must B) could C) may D) might
32) I ____like to make a suggestion.
A) could B) would C) must D) might
33) I know things are hard with you, but you ____try to get over the difficulties.
A) can B) may C) must D) ought
34 I can't find the recorder in the room. It ____ by somebody.
A) may have been taken away B) may leave
C) may take away D) must have taken away
35) He ____the 9:20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25.
A) can reach B) could catch C) may not catch D) couldn't have caught
3) 单句改错（先判断句子是否正确，正确的句子不需改动。）
1. Ought you smoke so much?
2. If Fred didn’t leave here before five, he mustn’t be home yet.
3. I’m going home. I don’t want to but I must, because my mother asked me not to go out after dark.
4. After I’ve finished my course, I’ll can speak English fluently.
5. I can be seeing the top of the tower in this bedroom.
6. You are not able to play football in the park on Sundays, though you may do so on weekdays.
7. He can’t be working at this hour!
8. Mary Blake ought to not be home by now.
9. His luggage is still here, he must not have left.
10. I used to writing poetry myself when I was his age.
三、能力提升
1. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
2. Where is my pen? I _____ it.
A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost
3. I wish I _____ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
4. I didn’t hear the phone. I _____ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
5. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
6. He _____ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might have C. may have given D. may give
7. If it _____ for the snow, we _____ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
8. Without electricity human life _____ quite difficult today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
9. A computer _____ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
10. Jenny _____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
11. We _____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study
12. — Could I borrow your dictionary?
— Yes, of course you _____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
13. Tom ought not to _____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
14. — If he _____, he _____ that food.
— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
15. Peter _____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
17. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
18. — Shall I tell John about it?
— No, you _____. I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
20. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
21.— There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
— It _____ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
22. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
24. — When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
— They _____ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
25. — I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
— Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
26. — Will you stay for lunch?
— Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
27. — Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
— I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
28. — Write to me when you get home.
— _____.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
29. I was really anxious about you, you _____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
30. — Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
解答部分
基础训练部分
1——5 ACCCC 6——10 DDBCD 11——15 CCACB 16——20 BACCA
1. had better 2. have gone 3. need not go 4. to have taken
5. mustn’t 6. was able to 7. don’t need 8. should have gone
9. should have 10. will 11. shall not 12. will
13. shall 14. had better 15. Can
强化练习1）选择填空部分答案解析
1. D. must表示推测时不用于否定句；shouldn’t have done sth. 表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”；needn’t have done sth. 表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”；couldn’t have done sth. 表示“不可能做过某事”。根据题意，选D。
2. A. 情态动词ought 后要接带to的不定式，ought to do 的否定式是ought not to do，所以答案是A。
3. A. must not always be doing sth. 表示“不要老是做谋事”，含有埋怨、指责、反感等感情色彩。
4. D. 题中的A项和B项都指现在情况；couldn’t have gone表示“不可能去过”；shouldn’t have gone表示“本不应该去而实际上去了”。根据题意，选D。
5. D. could have done sth. 表示“本来能够做某事而实际上未能做成”。
6. D. should可用于表示惊奇、感叹、不满等感情色彩的句子，如指过去的动作，则要用should have done sth. Would 和 may通常不带感情色彩。
7. C. 题中的dare是情态动词，后接不带to的不定式，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
8. B. must开头的疑问句，否定答语用needn’t或don’t have to。
9. C. would rather通常也视为情态动词（组），后接动词原形，其否定形式为would rather not。
10. D. need作为情态动词，其否定形式为needn’t；作实义动词时，其否定形式为don’t (doesn’t) need to do。
11. D. must用在肯定句中表推测时，语气比could, would等肯定得多。此处“must + 不定式进行式”表“想必正在……”之意。
12. A. would rather … than …，意为“宁愿（做）……而不（做）……”。
13. B. 由句意可知，这是对过去发生的事情不太有把握的推测。
14. D. needn’t have done意为“过去不必做而做了某事”。
15. D. should have done表示“过去应该做而没有做某事”。
16. C. can’t（不能），mustn’t（不准），may not（不可以），均不合题意。
17. D. don’t have to = needn’t
18. D. will用在第二人称的疑问句中，为询问（或征求）对方的意愿或向对方提出请求之意。
19. B. should not have done表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”，“批评”之意。
20. A. may开头的疑问句，否定答语常用mustn’t。
21. D. 疑问句中shall用于第一、三人称，用来征询对方的意见。
22. D. 推测“她不可能在会上发言”，must表示推测时，不能用于否定句中。
23. B. will在此处表示“意志（向）”。
24. D. should not have done表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”，“批评”之意。
25. B. must do表示对现在的事实进行推测。
26. C. must have done用于对过去发生的事情进行推测，且较有把握。
27. C. 表示推测时，must比may语气肯定。
28. A. can表推测，只用于否定句和疑问句中。
29. D. must表示推测时，其后的反意问句有两种情况：①对现存状态（现在的事实）进行推测时，反意疑问句中动词用其一般现在形式。②对过去发生的事情进行推测时，若有表过去的时间状语，反意问句用动词的过去式。
30. C. needn’t have done表示“过去不必做而做了某事”，若表示“不必做某事（且实际上未做）”则用“didn’t / don’t / doesn’t need to.”
31. D. A表示“本能够”，B, C表“本应该”。
32. D. have to表示客观上要求做某事，must表示主观上认为必须做某事。
33. D. ought to的反意问句应用oughtn’t或shouldn’t开头。
34. C. should 含“按理应该做……”、“有义务做……”之意。
35. C. Let’s 中的us一般包括对方在内。
36. A. Let us中的us一般不包括对方在内。
37. D. may和shall均可表“允诺”。
38. A. 由句后得知句意为“我开始没听清楚对方的电话号码”，为对过去的事实或发生动作的表述。
39. C. used to do“过去（常）做某事”，be used to doing“习惯于做某事”。
40. D. would rather后接动词原形。Spend … on sth.为常用结构。
强化练习2）答案
1——5 ACACB 6——10 CDDDD 11——15 DCDBB 16——20 BBCCA
21——25 ACACA 26——30 DDDAC 31——35 BBCAD
强化练习3）单句改错答案
1. (No mistake)在否定句和疑问句中，ought后面的to可省。
2. mustn’t — can’t 3. must — have to 4. can — be able to
5. be seeing — see 6. are not able to — cannot 7. (No mistake)
8. to not — not to 9. must — can 10. writing — write
能力提升答案全解
1．C 从原题中You can keep it till next week if you like这一信息句可知，“你不必现在还”。
2．D 从原题中Where is my pen?这一信息句可告诉考生，“笔丢了”，丢的动作是过去发生的。因此用must + have done表示对过去事实的肯定猜测。
3．C 原题中的yesterday这一信息词告诉考生，在wish后的宾语从句中，用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
4．B 从原题中的I didn’t hear the phone.这一信息可以判断出，用must have done表示过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。
5．A 从原题中last Saturday这一信息词可知，条件句中用表示与过去 事实相反的过去完成时，主句用would + have done。
6．A might have + 过去分词，在次是虚拟语气，表示“本来可以给你更多的帮助”，而事实则是帮助较少。
7．C 从原题中的yesterday这一信息词暗示考生，该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时，If it had not been for … “要不是因为……”。
8．D 原题中的Without electricity相当于一个条件句：If there were no electricity,故主句用human life would be quite difficult today.
9．A can可以表示一种客观上的能力，本句can’t，表示“不能，不会”。
10．B 从原题总的“I wonder why she changed her mind”“我不知道为何他改变了主意了。”这句话告诉考生Janny没有守诺言。因此，用should + have done，表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没有做”。
11．C 可参看10题。意思是：“昨晚本应该学习，但是却去听音乐会了。”
12．C 原题中的could不是过去时，而表示一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用could提问时，用can回答。同样用would，might提问，用will和may回答。[注意]①— Would you rather do such a thing? — Yes, I would.
②— Would you like some tea? — Yes, I would.
这两个对话中的would rather，would like是惯用法，故不能用will来回答。因为在这两个句型中，will不能去替换would。
13．A 可参看10、15题。该句意思是：“汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有伤害你的意思。”ought not to have done = shouldn’t have done
14．B 从答语中的Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately这一信息句可提示考生，条件句应填表示与过去事实相反的时态。
15．B 从原题中的but he isn’t very sure yet这一信息句可暗示考生，Peter当晚来的可能性不大。A是“准来，肯定来”，D是“将要来”。
16．C 可参看10、11、13题。“本应该”而事实上没有……
17．D 从原题中I didn’t see your sister at the meeting和后文she would have met my brother这两个信息句可知，if条件句中应填与过去事实相反的过去完成时。可参看6、7、14题。
18．A 你不必告诉他。因为I’ve told him already这一信息句已暗示考生了。
19．C 当as if引导虚拟语气的句子是，如果主句与从句中的谓语词所表达的动作同时发生时，as if后接一般过去时。例如：He walked as if he were lame.如果从句中的谓语动作发生个在主句谓语动作之前，则用过去完成时。例如：He talked as if he had known the secret.不论主句中的谓语是现在时还是过去时。
20．C 只要考生抓住nearly一词和后文at any moment（随时的意思）这两个信息词语，就能很快选出C项，表示逻辑推测，意思是“快七点钟了，杰克一会儿就该到了。”
21．D 根据句意，是对过去情况的推测。“当时决不可能是一次舒服的乘车。”must表示对过去的推测只能用于肯定句。
22．B mustn’t表示“禁止”；may表示“有可能”。句子的意思是：“你不可以玩刀，可能会伤你自己。”
23．D 该题在考考生could与was able to之间的区别。Was able to表示在困难的情况下，经过一番周折而“能……”，并且成功地做了。
24．B 该题考查情态动词should表推测的用法。Can和might都可以表示可能性，用might则语气更加不肯定。Need表示“需要”、“必需”。Should可以表示推测，结合实际，合乎逻辑，意为“应当”、“该”。根据第一个说话者说的I need them tomorrow afternoon的语境，可以确定正确答案为B。
25．A 该题在考查“情态动词+不定式的完成式”的用法，从会话的语境看，空白处应填“could + have +过去分词”表示过去本来能做到的事而事实上没有做到。
26．B 该题考查表示请求的英语口语，用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表达一种意愿和请求，是以疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“请你……，好吗？”，对于这种问句的肯定答语可用Sure! Certainly! Yes, of course. I’d be glad to等；否定回答通常是I’m sorry, I can’t. No, I’m afraid I can’t. I’m sorry, but … I ‘d like to, but …等。
27．D might表示“可能性”。
28．C 意思是“我会的”。对祈使句的肯定回答。
29．B shouldn’t have done为本来不该做某事，而事实上做了。
30．D 用may not可表示“可能不”。而can not则表示断然的否定推测“不可能”。A，C意思不符。
五、情态动词与助动词
强化训练题
1. —You know that you were driving 100 km an hour, don't you?
—No officer, I ____. This car doesn't do more than 80.
A. may not have been B. couldn't have been C. mustn't have been D. shouldn't have been
2. I think he could have joined us, but he ____
A. doesn't B. did C. didn't D. couldn't
3. —Jones is in hospital.
—Oh really? I ____. ____ visit her.
A. didn't know, I'll go and B. don' t know, I' 11 go and
C. didn't know, I' m going to D. haven' t known, I' m going to
4. I ___ have written to him because he phoned me afterwards.
A. ought to B. must C. couldn't D. needn't
5. You ____ phone him if you want to, but you. He'll surely phone you.
A. may, mustn't B. have to, needn't C. might, won't D. can, needn't
6. —Why ____ it rain now? I ____ go to the concert at 7.
—What a pity!
A. can, might not B. should, needn't C. must, can't D. need, mustn't
7. —Where shall we meet tomorrow?
—Well. I ___ come to your house if you like.
A. could B. might C. should D. would
8. The line is busy. Someone ____ the telephone.
A. may be using B. may have used C. must have been using D. must be using
9. He was caught in the rain last night. That _____ his cold.
A. can bring about B. ought to bring about
C. should have brought about D. may have brought about
10. —Did you visit the famous museum?
—No, we ___, but we spent too much time shopping.
A. could have visited B. must have visited C. can' t have visited D. shouldn't have visited
11. —You must phone us every week.
—Yes, I _____.
A. must B. have to C. will D. should
12. I wonder how he ____ that to his parents.
A. dare to say B. dared say C. dares to say D. didn't dare to say
13. Don't throw the bottles away. They ____ in the future.
A. may need B. are needed C. can be needing D. might be needed
14. English is a language that many people around the world ____ not speak perfectly but ___ at least understand.
A. may, can B. would, might C. will, must D. could, might
15. —Shall I book a table for the dinner?
— _____. The restaurant won't be full this evening.
A. Yes, you may B. No, you mustn't C. No, you needn't D. No, you can't
16. —I wonder why Mr. Wang didn't attend the lecture.
—He ____ another one.
A. could have B. must have C. might have had D. should have had
17. He was taken away by the police. He ___ for a robber.
A. must be mistaken B. was being mistaken C. must mistake D. must have been mistaken
18. There are only eight photos here. I ____ twenty-two.
A. ought to have been B. ought to be C. ought to have D. ought to have had
19. —I wonder if I ____ smoke here.
—No, you. Could you see the sign "No Smoking" there?
A. can, needn't B. shall, won’t C. must, can't D. may, mustn't
20. —I haven't seen Mr. White for weeks.
—What _____ to him?
A. must have happened B. may have happened C. can have happened D. may happen
21. —I didn't go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down.
—You mine. I wasn't using it.
A. might borrow B. could have borrowed C. can have borrowed D. ought to borrow
22. —A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband.
—It ___ her husband. He has been dead for ages.
A. mustn't be B. couldn't have been C. may not have been D. mustn't have been
23. —Is there a flight to Paris this evening?
—There ___ be. I' 11 phone the airport and find it out.
A. must B. would C. might D. can
24. —Tom, would you like to our dinner party?
— ____.
A. Yes, I would B. Yes, with pleasure C. No, I can't come D. Yes, I may
25. —Shall I go and buy two more bottles of beer?
—No, I've already bought twenty. That ____ be enough for us two.
A. ought to B. will C. may D. might
26. Considering that Tom always did well in all his subjects, he ____ in the final exam.
A. mustn't fail B. couldn't have failed C. ought not to fail D. mustn't have failed
27. She ___ the hospital so soon, for she has not yet recovered.
A. wouldn't have left B. shouldn't have left C. mustn't have left D. didn't have to leave
28. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.
A. couldn't have attended B. needn't have attended
C. mustn't have attended D. shouldn't have attended
29. They didn't want to come with us at first, but then we ____ persuade them.
A. would B. could C. were able to D. had to
30. —It is said that China will soon be a member of WTO.
—Well, it's wonderful that the Chinese people ___ have made so much progress these years.
A. must B. can C. should D. may
31. —It rained so heavily that I had no choice but to stay at home.
—Anybody in your position ____ the same.
A. does B. will do C. has done D. would have done
32. —I promise her daughter ____ get a nice present on her birthday.
—Will it be a big surprise to her?
A. should B. must C. would D. shall
33. —Will you stay here for supper, Jane?
—Sorry, I ____. My parents are waiting for me at home.
A, can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. won't
34. —What's wrong with your pen'?
—The ink ____ come out.
A. can't B. doesn't C. hasn't D. won' t
35. "Whatever you want, you _____ have it on condition that you get the best result." said the boss.
A. would B. ought to C. shall D. could
36. Tom, you are so lazy! This work ___ hours ago.
A. should finish B. must have finished C. should have been finished D. might have finished
37. He could have come to help me, but ____.
A. he didn’t B. he hadn’t C. he hadn’t D. he can’t
38. He was busy, or he ___ her more help.
A. had given B. would give C. could have given D. give
39. Jim ___ his strict father, for he has failed in the examination once again.
A. dare not to see B. not dare see C. didn’t dared to see D. didn’t dare to see
40. You ___ go out, lazy boy!
A. shall B. need C. dare D. might
历届高考题
1.“Can I leave this door open at night?” “You ____ better not.” (‘1985)
A. should B. would C. could D. had
2. Put on more clothes. You ____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. (‘1985)
A. can B. could C. would D. must
3. I thought you ___ like something to read so I have brought you some books. (‘1986)
A. may B. might C. could D. must
4. There was plenty of time. She ____. (‘1987)
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
5. The plant is dead. I ___ it more water. (‘1987)
A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given
6. It’s freezing outside. You _____ put on your overcoat. (‘1987)
A. had better to B. had better C. would better D. would better to
7. You ____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. (‘1988)
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
8. Where is my pen? I _____ it. (‘1988)
A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost
9. I didn’t hear the phone. I ___ asleep. (‘1989)
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
10. He ___ you more help, even though he was very busy. (‘1990)
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
11. A computer ___ think for itself; it must be told what to do. (‘1991)
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
12. --- Could I borrow your dictionary?
--- Yes, of course you ____. (‘1992)
A. might B. will C. can D. should
13. ---Shall we go skating or stay at home?
-- Which _____ do yourself? (‘1992)
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
14. Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm. (‘1993)
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
15. Peter ____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. (‘1993)
A. must B. may C. can D. will
16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I __ for her. (‘1994)
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
17. ─ Shall I tell John about it?
─ No, you ___ . I've told him already. (‘1994)
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
18. ─There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
─ It ___ a comfortable journey. (‘1995)
A. can't be B. shouldn't be C. mustn't have been D. couldn't have been
19. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack ___ be here at any moment. (‘1995)
A. must B. need C. should D. can
20. Johnny, you ___ play with the knife, you ___ hurt yourself. (‘1996)
A. won't; can't B. mustn't; may C. shouldn't; must D. can't; shouldn't
21. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out. (‘1997)
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
22. ─ When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
─ They _____be ready by 12:00. (‘1998)
A. can B. should C. might D. need
23. ─ I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
─ Oh, did you? You ____ with Barbara. (‘1998)
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
24. ─ Will you stay for lunch?
─ Sorry, ＿＿＿＿, My brother is coming to see me. (‘1999)
A. I mustn't B. I can't C. I needn't D. I won't
25. ─ Are you coming to Jeff's party?
─ I'm not sure . I _______ go to the concert instead. (2000)
A. must B. would C. should D. might
26. I was really anxious about you. You _______ home without a word. (2001)
A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave
27. –– Is John coming by train? (2002)
–– He should, but he ___ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
28. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will (2003)
29.-- -Write to me when you get home. (2001 北京春)
--- ____.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
30. --I hear you've got a set of valuable Australian coins. ____I have a look? (2002北京春)
--Yes, certainly.
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
31. I should have been there, but I _______ not find the time. (2000上海春)
A. would B. could C. might D. should
32. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture. (2000上海)
A. couldn't have attended B. needn't have attended C. mustn't have attended D. shouldn't have attended
33. Mr.Bush is on time for everything. How ____ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? (2001上海春)
A. can B. should C. may D. must
34. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ____ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)
A. might B. need C. should D. would
35. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I ____ so much fried chicken just now. (2002上海春)
A. shouldn’t cut B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
36. It has been announced that candidates ____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected．
A．can B．will C．may D．shall (2002上海)
37. -—I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter．
—It ____ true because there was little snow there． (2002北京)
A. may not be B．won't be C．couldn't be D．mustn't be
38. —The room is so dirty. ____ we clean it? (2003北京春)
—Of course.
A．Will B．Shall C．Would D．Do
39. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared．Who ________ have taken it？ (2003上海春)
A．should B．must C．could D．would
40. How ___ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?
A. can B. must C. need D. may (2003上海)
Keys:
强化训练题
1-5 B CADD 6-10 CACDA 11-15 CBDAC 16-20 CDCDC 21-25 BBCBA 26-30 BBACC 31-35 DDADC 36-40 CACDA
高考题
1-5 DDBDD 6-10 BCDBA 11-15 ACBAB 16-20 CADCB 21-25 DBABD 26-30 BDBCB 31-35 BAACC 36-40 DCBCA
第十二章 情态动词
1. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ______ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
2. He said he would rather not _____ it right now.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing
3. You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come
C. don’t need coming D. needn’t come
4. —May I pick a flower in the garden?
— _____.
A. No, you needn’t B. Not, please
C. No, you mustn’t D. No, you won’t
5. You’d better ______ late next time.
A. don’t B. not be C. not being D. won’t be
6. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _______ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
7. Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
8. I thought you ___ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might C. could D. must
9. There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
10. The plant is dead. I ___ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given
C. must give D. should have given
11. It’s freezing outside. You _____ put on your overcoat.
A. had better to B. had better
C. would better D. would better to
12. You ______ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
13. Where is my pen? I_____ it.
A. might lose B. would have lost
C. should have lost D. must have lost
14. I didn’t hear the phone. I______ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been
C. should be D. should have been
15. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give
C. may have given D. may give
16. A computer _____ think for itself; it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
17. —Could I borrow your dictionary?
—Yes, of course you ___.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
18. —Shall we go skating or stay at home?
—Which _____ do yourself?
A. do you rather B. would you rather
C. will you rather D. should you rather
19. Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
20. Peter ___ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
21. —Shall I tell John about it?
—No, you _____. I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
22. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
— _____.
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t
23. —There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
—It ___ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
24. When he was there, he _____ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
25. Johnny, you ___ play with the knife, you ___ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may
C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
26. Your brother’s failed again. You ___ him more help in English.
A. must have given B. ought have given
C. ought to have given D. ought give
27. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
28. One ought _____ for what one hasn’t done.
A. not to be punished B. to not be punished
C. to not punished D. not be punished
29. That young man has made so much noise that he ___ not have been allowed to attend the concert.
A. could B. must C. would D. should
30. He said he ______ get tired when he played table tennis.
A. didn’t use to B. didn’t used to
C. usedn’t D. usen’t
31. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must _____ always _____ so much.
A. not; be smoking B. not; have smoked
C. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking
32. Michael _____ be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
33. Susan _____ written a report like this.
A. can have B. mustn’t have C. can’t have D. ought to not have
34. I wonder how he _____ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say
35. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
36. Sir, you _____ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. oughtn’t to B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
37. —Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
—No, it ____ be him. I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
38. You ____ be tired— you’ve only been worked for an hour.
A. must not B. won’t C. can’t D. may not
39. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You come, but why didn’t you?
A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have
40. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I ____ report it to the police?
A. should B. may C. will D. can
41. Sorry, I’m late. I have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will
42. —I don’t mind telling you what I know.
—You ____. I’m not asking you for it.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
43. —Who is the girl standing over there?
—Well, if you ____ know, her name is Mabel.
A. may B. can C. must D. shall
44. I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.
A. should B. might C. would D. could
45. —Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
—You ____ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
46. —I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
—You ____ her last week.
A. ought to tell B. would have told
C. must tell D. should have told
47. —Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
—Sorry, I am not sure. But it ____ be.
A. might B. will C. must D. can
48. Children under 12 years of age in that country ____ be under adult supervision when in a public library.
A. must B. may C. can D. need
49. “The interest ____ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
50. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ____ not like the design of the furniture.
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
51. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
52. How ____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?
A. can B. must C. need D. may
53. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter ____ go and do the opposite.
A. may B. can C. must D. should
54. —The room is so dirty. _____ we clean it?
—Of course.
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
55. My English-Chinese dictionary has been disappeared. Who ____ have taken it?
A. should B. must C. could D. would
56. —Is John coming by train?
—He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
57. —I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
—It ____ true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be B. won’t C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t
58. It has been announced that candidates _____ remain in their seats until all papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
59. —I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. ____ I have a look?
—Yes, certainly.
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. should
60. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
答案与解析：
1. C。should 表示推断时，意为“应该，很可能”，语气较肯定，暗示合乎常理，指非常可能的事。nearly 暗示“时间不早了”，Jack 按理应当(should)随时(at any moment)都有可能到达这里。must 语气过强；can 一般不用于肯定推测；need 意义不通，也不用于肯定句。
2. C。would rather (not)后接动词原形，意为“宁愿(不)做……”。
3. D。needn’t do 意为“没必要做……”。句意为：“如果你有很重要的事情要做，今天下午你没必要来参加会议了。”
4. C。回答以 may 提出的请求，作肯定回答时，用 can；作否定回答时，用 mustn’t 或can’t。
5. B。had better (not) do 意为“最好(不)做……”。
6. C。“ought to / should have+过去分词”表示后悔当初该做某事却没有做。句意为：“我告诉 Sally 怎么去那儿，但也许我本该把详细地址写给她的。”
7. D。must 表示非常肯定的猜测。句意为：“穿多点，只穿一件衬衣你会感冒的。”
8. B。might 意为“可能”，不是很有把握，其余三项不符合题意。句意为：“我以为你想读点东西，所以我带了一些书给你。”
9. D。needn’t have done 意为“没必要做某事”。句意为：“还有足够的时间，她没必要匆忙。”
10. D。should have done 意为“本应该做某事却没有做”。句意为：“那棵植物死了，我本应该多浇点水的。”
11. B。had better do 意为“最好做……”。
12. C。根据句意“如果你愿意，你可以保留到下个星期”，知“你现在不需要还书”，所以用 needn’t。
13. D。must have done 意为“一定做了……”，是对过去发生的事情进行肯定推测。“我”在找笔，一定是“我”在过去把它弄丢了。
14. B。must have done 意为“一定做了……”，是对过去发生的事情进行肯定推测。句意为：“我没听到电话铃，我一定是睡着了。”
15. A。might have done 意为“有可能做……”，是对过去有可能发生的事进行推测。句意为：“尽管他很忙，他也有可能给你更多的帮助。”
16. A。can’t 意为“不能”。句意为：“计算机不能自主思考。必须要人下指令做事。”
17. C。表示自己允许别人做某事时，要用 can 或 may。本题中 could 不是过去式，而是表示委婉语气，所以只能选 C。
18. B。本题考查的是would rather 的一般疑问句形式。句意为：“我们去滑冰还是呆在家里？”“你想做什么呢？”
19. A。ought not to have done 表示“本不应该发生的事已经发生了”。句意为：“Tom 本不应该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有恶意。”
20. B。由后面 but he isn’t very sure yet 可知，是对Peter 晚上来不来的没有把握的猜测。
21. A。由 I’ve told him already(我已经告诉他了)可知，你“没有必要”再告诉他这件事了。
22. B。上句提醒的是明天的事情，所以下句要用一般将来时。I won’t 实际上是 I won’t forget to go to your birthday party tomorrow. 的省略。
23. D。“couldn’t have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测。既然小汽车上“已有五人”，且是“设法”才把你带去的，如此拥挤，旅途当然“不可能”舒服。
24. A。would 可以表示过去的习惯或意愿。句意为：“那时当他在那儿的时候，他每天下班后他都会去那个咖啡店。”
25. B。mustn’t(不许、千万不)表示禁止。may 表示可能性。句意为：“你千万不要玩刀子，可能会弄伤自己的”。
26. C。根据题意“你弟弟英语考试又不及格”，知你“本应该”多帮他学英语。must have done 表示对过去的事情进行肯定推测；ought to have done 表示“本应该做某事而没有做”。
27. D。根据题意“我今天早上在会议室没有看见她”，知她“不可能”在会议上发言了。couldn’t have done 意为“不可能做过某事”。
28. A。ought to 的否定形式直接在 to 前加 not，又依题意，须用被动语态，所以选 A。
29. D。根据题意“这个小伙子弄出那么多响声”，知“本不应该”让他参加这个音乐会的。shouldn’t have done 意为“本不应该做某事却做了”。
30. A。used to 意为“过去常常……”，其否定形式有两种：didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to。
31. 根据题意“如果你真的想保持健康的话”，你“本不应该”抽那么多的烟。mustn’t have done 表示“本不应该做的事情却做了”。
32. B。根据题意“他太矮了”，所以他“不可能”是警察。needn’t 意为“不需要，不必要”； can’t 意为“不可能”，表示对现在发生的事进行有把握的否定推测；should 表推测时，意为“应该”，语气较强；may 意为“有可能”。
33. C。mustn’t have done 表示“本不应该做的事情却做了”；can’t have done 表示对过去发生的事进行否定推测，意为“不可能”。句意为：“Susan 不可能写出这样的报告。”
34. A。dare既可以作情态动词，又可以作实意动词。用作情态动词时，意为“敢”，后接动词原形，通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及 if 与 whether 之后，一般不用于肯定句。用作实意动词时，意为“敢于”，后要接不定式符号 to，有时也可省略。
35. C。be able to 表示“具体某次通过努力能够做成某事”。could 是 can 的过去式，表示客观的能力。
36. 根据题意“这是给妇女和儿童专用的候车室”，知“你不应该坐在这儿”。oughtn’t to 意为“不应该”。
37. A。根据后文的“我肯定他没有戴眼镜”，知“那不可能是他”。can’t 表示有把握的否定猜测。
38. C。根据后文的“你才工作了一个小时”可知，此题选表示否定推测的can’t最恰当。
39. D。ought to have done 表示“本应该做的事却没有做”。句意为：“昨晚的聚会真的很好玩。你本应该参加的，但是你为什么没参加呢？”
40. A。should 在此表“应该”。句意为：“我经常看到那见空房子里有灯光。你认为我是否应该向警察报告？”
41. A。might have done 表示对过去发生的事进行不太有把握的肯定推测，意为“有可能”，其余三项都不符合题意。句意为：“对不起，我迟到了。我有可能把闹钟关掉，继续睡了。”
42. D。根据题意“我并没要你讲”，知needn’t(不必)符合题意。
43. C。must在此表示坚持，其意为“一定要，非得要”。
44. A。should 表猜测时，意为“很有可能、应该”，可能性较大。其余三项不符合题中的时态要求。
45. A。shall与第二、三人称连用时，表示说话人的意图、命令、恫吓、决心等。句意为：“如果你不爱护好，你就不能用。”
46. D。should have done 表示“本应该做的事却没有做”。句意为：“明天我将告诉 Mary 关于她的新工作的事。”“你本应该上个星期就说的。”
47. A。根据前文的I am not sure可知，后文应用推测语气较弱的might。
48. A。must 意为“必须”；may 意为“可能，可以”；can 意为“可以”；need 意为“需要”。比较四个选项，只有 A 最符合题意。句意为：“在那个国家，12 岁以下的孩子去公共图书馆的时候必须有大人的看管。
49. D。shall 表示规定。句意为：“根据双方签定的协议，利益应被分为五部分。”
50. C。might just as well 意为“不妨、还是……为好”。比较四个选项，只有 C 符合题意。句意为：“你不妨告诉制造商，男性顾客有可能不喜欢这件家具的样式。”
51. B。can 表示“可以”。should(应该), must(必须), will(愿意)均不符合语境。
52. A。can 在疑问句中，表示疑惑、怀疑，根据情况可译作“能、可以”等。
53. C。由Naturally(很自然地)知，“我的女儿和我唱反调”的可能性比较大。比较四个选项，只有C最符合题意。
54. B。shall 表示征求意见。
55. C。could have done 表示对过去发生的事进行推测，意为“有可能”，其他三项都不符合题意。
56. D。由“他自己喜欢开车”这一习惯推断，“他可能不会(may not)坐火车来”。can not意为“不可能”，语气太肯定。
57. C。由 because there was little snow there可知，他们“不可能”去山上滑雪。couldn’t 用于对过去发生的事情进行有把握的否定推测。
58. D。shall 表规定。在规章中告诫应考者，在收完所有试卷前“必须”留在教室里。
59. B。由答句“当然可以”知问句是在请求允许。may 表示请求对方允许，意为“我可以做……吗？”
60. C。根据句意“我现在胃不舒服”，知我刚才“不应该”吃那么多炸鸡。shouldn’t have done 表示“本不应该做的事却做了”。
情态动词练习与讲解
一、基础训练
1）单项选择
1. You ___ hand it in at once, you may hand it in tomorrow.
(A) needn't (B) may not (C) can't (D) must not
2. "That must be a mistake." "No it ___ a mistake."
(A) must not be (B) needn't be (C) cannot be (D) would not be
3. You ___ go now. It's getting late.
(A) had rather (B) would (C) had better (D) would
4. Since the bus is crowded, we ___.
(A) had better walk to home (B) have better walk home
(C) had better walk home (D) had better to walk home
5. "You ___ come in now, Mary! It's getting cold!" “I ___ go on playing in the garden."
(A) had better...had better (B) would rather...had better
(C) had better...would rather (D) had better...would have better
6. When I was a boy, I ___ chocolate.
(A) would like (B) was used to like (C) should like (D) used to like
7. I wasn't supposed to go to the movies, but I ___ myself.
(A) cannot help (B) couldn't but (C) had to help (D) couldn't help
8. Looking at my determined face, the big boy ___ pick up the fight.
(A) dares not (B) dare not (C) doesn't dare (D) dares not to
9. He began to write two hours ago. He ___ have finished the article now.
(A) must (B) ought (C) ought to (D) had to
10. You ___ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
(A) needn't to come (B) don't need come (C) don't need coming (D)needn't come
11. ___ you be here at eight o'clock tomorrow morning?
(A) Would (B) Should (C) Can (D) Could
12. ___ I have a talk with the Party Secretary now?
(A) Will (B) Did (C) May (D) Can
13. "You ___ read that article if you don’t want to.”
(A) needn't (B) mustn’t (C) haven't (D) can’t
14. When the storm comes all windows ___.
(A) ought to close (B) ought to be closing (C) ought to be closed (D) ought to closed
15. I ___ me what happened.
(A) would like you tell (B) would like you to tell
(C) would like you telling (D) would like you that you tell
16. I hope you can visit my country soon, because___ to show you some of the beautiful places near my home.
(A) I like (B) I'd like (C) I will like (D) I shall like
17. She ___ for yesterday's test, but she didn’t.
(A)should have studied (B) would study (C) might be studying (D)must have studied
18. He ___ breakfast at eight o'clock when he lived alone. But nowadays he ___ it at seven.
(A) was used to have ... is having (B) was used to having ...is having
(C) used to have ... has (D) used to having ...was
19. In the old society Grandpa Zhou ___ to work long hours a day.
(A) was working (B) was having (C) had (D) has
20. Everybody ___ in bed.
(A) has to spend some time (B) have to spend some time
(C) has to spend sometimes (D) have to spend sometimes
2) 选择合适的词或词组填空
1. I have a headache. I __________ take an aspirin.
(had better; would better)
2. He looks sleepy. He must __________ bed very late last night.
(go; have gone)
3. I want to go to the office, but you __________ with me.
(need not to go; need not go)
4. I ought __________ those books to the library last week.
(to have taken; to take)
5. The mother is telling her son, “You __________ eat with your fingers!”
(wouldn’t; mustn’t)
6. He was a good swimmer so he _______ swim to the river bank when the boat sank. (was able to; could)
7. To travel from England to Scotland you __________ a passport.
(don’t need; needn’t)
8. He went on foot, but he __________ by bus.
(ought have gone; should have gone)
9. A: Did Ken take the job in the bookstore?
B: No, but I think he __________.
(must have; should have)
10. He __________ talk for hours, if you let him.
(can; will)
11. You __________ use this toothbrush, it’s mine.
(may not; shall not)
12. No matter what people say, I __________ do as I like.
(shall; will)
13. “I’m willing to let you take whatever you like.” Means “you ______ take whatever you like.”
(shall; will)
14. A: I haven’t felt well for a week.
B: You __________ see a doctor.
(had better; should have to)
15. A: He is late, __________ he have missed the bus?
B: Yes, he must have missed the bus.
(Can; Must)
二、强化练习
1) 选择填空
1. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
2. One ought _____ for what one hasn’t done.
A. not to be punished B. to not be punished
C. to not punished D. not be punished
3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must ___ always ___ so much.
A. not; be smoking B. not; have smoked
C. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking
4. With so much work on hand, you _____ to see the game last night.
A. mustn’t go B. shouldn’t go C. couldn’t have gone D. shouldn’t have gone
5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it ______ better organized.
A. had been B. had to be C. must have been D. could have been
6. I’m surprised that he _____ in the exam.
A. should fail B. would have failed C. may have failed D. should have failed
7. The little girl _____ there alone.
A. not dare go B. dares not go C. dare not go D. dare not to go
8. “Must we do it now?” “No, you _____.”
A. won’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. don’t
9. He said he would rather not _____ it right now.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing
10. You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come C. don’t need coming D. needn’t come
11. Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
12. I _____ play football than baseball.
A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer
13. I thought you _____ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might C. could D. must
14. There was plenty of times. She _____.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
15. The plant is dead. I _____ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given
16. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
17. It’s still early, you _____.
A. mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry
18. Please open the window, _____?
A. can’t you B. aren’t you C. do you D. will you
19. We _____ for her because she never came.
A. mustn’t have waited B. shouldn’t have waited
C. mustn’t wait D. needn’t wait
20. — May I stop here? — No, you _____.
A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t
21. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, _____.
A. won’t we B. will we C. don’t we D. shall we
22. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
23. — Please don’t make a noise.
— _____. I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. Yes, I won’t B. No, I won’t C. No, I will D. Yes, I will
24. The young man has made so much noise that he _____ not have been allowed to attend the concert.
A. could B. must C. would D. should
25. — Where is John? — He _____ in the library.
A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been
26. Since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.
A. it must rain B. it must be raining
C. it must have rained D. it must have been rain
27. — Will your brother stay home tonight?
— I’m not quite sure. He _____ to the cinema tonight.
A. must go B. can go C. may go D. may be going
28. She’s already two hours late. What ______ to her?
A. can have happened B. may have happened
C. should have happened D. must happen
29. You must be a writer, _____?
A. mustn’t you B. are you C. must you D. aren’t you
30. I got up early that morning, but I _____ so because I had no work to do.
A. mustn’t have done B. didn’t need to do
C. needn’t have done D. can’t have done
31. He _____ have come here yesterday, but he didn’t.
A. could B. should C. ought to D. all the above
32. I missed the last bus, so I _____ go home on foot.
A. must B. have to C. may D. had to
33. He ought to win the first prize, _____ he?
A. oughtn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. both A and B
34. Everyone _____ do his best for the modernizations of our country.
A. can B. may C. should D. might
35. Let’s clean our classroom, _____?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
36. Let us play basketball, ______?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
37. He asked me for this book many times. Please tell him that he _____ have it tomorrow.
A. must B. may C. shall D. both B and C
38. “Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 9568442.”
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
39. Mother _____ us stories when we were children.
A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling
40. She would rather _____ more money on books _____ on clothes.
A. cost … not B. to spare … don’t C. pay … than D. spend … than
2）强化练习题
1) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing.
A) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washed
C) must not have washed D) can not have washed
2) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he____ last night.
A) should study B) should have studied
C) must have studied D) must have to study
3) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned.
A) can't have been B) shouldn't have been
C) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been
4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.
A) must have sailed B) can sail C) might have sailed D) should have sailed 5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.
A) should have been B) must have been C) must be D) should be 6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He ____ his mind.
A) can't have changed B) wouldn't have changed
C) must have changed D) shouldn't have changed
7) You____ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.
A) needn't go B) had better not go C) should not go D) needn't have gone
8) We____ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.
A) must receive B) ought to receive
C) must have received D) ought to have received
9) With all the work on hand, he____ to the cinema last night.
A) mustn't go B) shouldn't have gone C) could not go D) couldn't have gone
10) Eve was late for class again. She ____earlier.
A) should get up B) must get up C) need to get up D) should have got up
11) I am feeling sick. I____ so much chocolate.
A) needn't have eaten B) couldn't have eaten
C) mustn't have eaten D) shouldn't have eaten
12) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I ____.
A) had B) would do C) should have D) might have to
13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he____ Tom to go with him.
A) might have asked B) should asked C) must have asked D) should have asked
14) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I____ there earlier.
A) ought to get B) ought to have got C) must have got D) must get
15) The road was muddy. It____ last night.
A) must rained B) must have rained C) must be rained D) could have rained
16) She can speak quite fluent English. She____.
A) must been in the U.S.A. for some time
B) must have been in the U.S.A. for some time
C) should have been in the U.S.A. for some time
D) May be in the U.S.A. for some time
17) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he____.
A) was used to be B) used to be C) was used to D) use to
18)“We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He ___it.”
A) mustn't visit B) can't have visited C) should have gone to see D) may see
19) Mary ____my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
A) should have received B) has received
C) couldn't have received D) ought to have received
20) I ____ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.
A) would have liked to give B) liked to give
C) have liked to give D) would like to give
21)“Where ____ my umbrella?”“Somebody ____ it away by mistake.”
A) is, must have taken B) is, must take
C) have been, must take D) is, takes
22) What ____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?
A) will you suppose B) you suppose
C) do you suppose D) you would suppose
23) Two eyes ____see more than one.
A) can B) may C) will D) should
24) ____ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.
A) Would B) Will C) May D) Should
25) We ought to help each other in our work, ____?
A) oughtn't we B) should we C) shouldn't we D) ought to we
26) Tom ____ better than to ask Dick for help.
A) shall know B) shouldn't know C) has known D) should have known
27) You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.
A) had better got B) had to get better C) had better to get D) had better get
28) When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we ____.
A) needn't hurry B) didn't need hurry
C) needn't to hurry D) needn't have hurried
29) It was really very dangerous; you ____ him seriously.
A) might have injured B) could injure
C) should have injured D) must injure
30) As he had heart attack, he was told that he ____ continue the work.
A) needn't B) may not C) mustn't D) can't
31) An Englishman who ____not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.
A) must B) could C) may D) might
32) I ____like to make a suggestion.
A) could B) would C) must D) might
33) I know things are hard with you, but you ____try to get over the difficulties.
A) can B) may C) must D) ought
34 I can't find the recorder in the room. It ____ by somebody.
A) may have been taken away B) may leave
C) may take away D) must have taken away
35) He ____the 9:20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25.
A) can reach B) could catch C) may not catch D) couldn't have caught
3) 单句改错（先判断句子是否正确，正确的句子不需改动。）
1. Ought you smoke so much?
2. If Fred didn’t leave here before five, he mustn’t be home yet.
3. I’m going home. I don’t want to but I must, because my mother asked me not to go out after dark.
4. After I’ve finished my course, I’ll can speak English fluently.
5. I can be seeing the top of the tower in this bedroom.
6. You are not able to play football in the park on Sundays, though you may do so on weekdays.
7. He can’t be working at this hour!
8. Mary Blake ought to not be home by now.
9. His luggage is still here, he must not have left.
10. I used to writing poetry myself when I was his age.
三、能力提升
1. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
2. Where is my pen? I _____ it.
A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost
3. I wish I _____ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
4. I didn’t hear the phone. I _____ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
5. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
6. He _____ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might have C. may have given D. may give
7. If it _____ for the snow, we _____ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
8. Without electricity human life _____ quite difficult today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
9. A computer _____ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
10. Jenny _____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
11. We _____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study
12. — Could I borrow your dictionary?
— Yes, of course you _____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
13. Tom ought not to _____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
14. — If he _____, he _____ that food.
— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
15. Peter _____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
17. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
18. — Shall I tell John about it?
— No, you _____. I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
20. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
21.— There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
— It _____ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
22. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
24. — When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
— They _____ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
25. — I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
— Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
26. — Will you stay for lunch?
— Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
27. — Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
— I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
28. — Write to me when you get home.
— _____.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
29. I was really anxious about you, you _____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
30. — Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
解答部分
基础训练部分
1——5 ACCCC 6——10 DDBCD 11——15 CCACB 16——20 BACCA
1. had better 2. have gone 3. need not go 4. to have taken
5. mustn’t 6. was able to 7. don’t need 8. should have gone
9. should have 10. will 11. shall not 12. will
13. shall 14. had better 15. Can
强化练习1）选择填空部分答案解析
1. D. must表示推测时不用于否定句；shouldn’t have done sth. 表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”；needn’t have done sth. 表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”；couldn’t have done sth. 表示“不可能做过某事”。根据题意，选D。
2. A. 情态动词ought 后要接带to的不定式，ought to do 的否定式是ought not to do，所以答案是A。
3. A. must not always be doing sth. 表示“不要老是做谋事”，含有埋怨、指责、反感等感情色彩。
4. D. 题中的A项和B项都指现在情况；couldn’t have gone表示“不可能去过”；shouldn’t have gone表示“本不应该去而实际上去了”。根据题意，选D。
5. D. could have done sth. 表示“本来能够做某事而实际上未能做成”。
6. D. should可用于表示惊奇、感叹、不满等感情色彩的句子，如指过去的动作，则要用should have done sth. Would 和 may通常不带感情色彩。
7. C. 题中的dare是情态动词，后接不带to的不定式，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
8. B. must开头的疑问句，否定答语用needn’t或don’t have to。
9. C. would rather通常也视为情态动词（组），后接动词原形，其否定形式为would rather not。
10. D. need作为情态动词，其否定形式为needn’t；作实义动词时，其否定形式为don’t (doesn’t) need to do。
11. D. must用在肯定句中表推测时，语气比could, would等肯定得多。此处“must + 不定式进行式”表“想必正在……”之意。
12. A. would rather … than …，意为“宁愿（做）……而不（做）……”。
13. B. 由句意可知，这是对过去发生的事情不太有把握的推测。
14. D. needn’t have done意为“过去不必做而做了某事”。
15. D. should have done表示“过去应该做而没有做某事”。
16. C. can’t（不能），mustn’t（不准），may not（不可以），均不合题意。
17. D. don’t have to = needn’t
18. D. will用在第二人称的疑问句中，为询问（或征求）对方的意愿或向对方提出请求之意。
19. B. should not have done表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”，“批评”之意。
20. A. may开头的疑问句，否定答语常用mustn’t。
21. D. 疑问句中shall用于第一、三人称，用来征询对方的意见。
22. D. 推测“她不可能在会上发言”，must表示推测时，不能用于否定句中。
23. B. will在此处表示“意志（向）”。
24. D. should not have done表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”，“批评”之意。
25. B. must do表示对现在的事实进行推测。
26. C. must have done用于对过去发生的事情进行推测，且较有把握。
27. C. 表示推测时，must比may语气肯定。
28. A. can表推测，只用于否定句和疑问句中。
29. D. must表示推测时，其后的反意问句有两种情况：①对现存状态（现在的事实）进行推测时，反意疑问句中动词用其一般现在形式。②对过去发生的事情进行推测时，若有表过去的时间状语，反意问句用动词的过去式。
30. C. needn’t have done表示“过去不必做而做了某事”，若表示“不必做某事（且实际上未做）”则用“didn’t / don’t / doesn’t need to.”
31. D. A表示“本能够”，B, C表“本应该”。
32. D. have to表示客观上要求做某事，must表示主观上认为必须做某事。
33. D. ought to的反意问句应用oughtn’t或shouldn’t开头。
34. C. should 含“按理应该做……”、“有义务做……”之意。
35. C. Let’s 中的us一般包括对方在内。
36. A. Let us中的us一般不包括对方在内。
37. D. may和shall均可表“允诺”。
38. A. 由句后得知句意为“我开始没听清楚对方的电话号码”，为对过去的事实或发生动作的表述。
39. C. used to do“过去（常）做某事”，be used to doing“习惯于做某事”。
40. D. would rather后接动词原形。Spend … on sth.为常用结构。
强化练习2）答案
1——5 ACACB 6——10 CDDDD 11——15 DCDBB 16——20 BBCCA
21——25 ACACA 26——30 DDDAC 31——35 BBCAD
强化练习3）单句改错答案
1. (No mistake)在否定句和疑问句中，ought后面的to可省。
2. mustn’t — can’t 3. must — have to 4. can — be able to
5. be seeing — see 6. are not able to — cannot 7. (No mistake)
8. to not — not to 9. must — can 10. writing — write
能力提升答案全解
1．C 从原题中You can keep it till next week if you like这一信息句可知，“你不必现在还”。
2．D 从原题中Where is my pen?这一信息句可告诉考生，“笔丢了”，丢的动作是过去发生的。因此用must + have done表示对过去事实的肯定猜测。
3．C 原题中的yesterday这一信息词告诉考生，在wish后的宾语从句中，用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
4．B 从原题中的I didn’t hear the phone.这一信息可以判断出，用must have done表示过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。
5．A 从原题中last Saturday这一信息词可知，条件句中用表示与过去 事实相反的过去完成时，主句用would + have done。
6．A might have + 过去分词，在次是虚拟语气，表示“本来可以给你更多的帮助”，而事实则是帮助较少。
7．C 从原题中的yesterday这一信息词暗示考生，该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时，If it had not been for … “要不是因为……”。
8．D 原题中的Without electricity相当于一个条件句：If there were no electricity,故主句用human life would be quite difficult today.
9．A can可以表示一种客观上的能力，本句can’t，表示“不能，不会”。
10．B 从原题总的“I wonder why she changed her mind”“我不知道为何他改变了主意了。”这句话告诉考生Janny没有守诺言。因此，用should + have done，表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没有做”。
11．C 可参看10题。意思是：“昨晚本应该学习，但是却去听音乐会了。”
12．C 原题中的could不是过去时，而表示一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用could提问时，用can回答。同样用would，might提问，用will和may回答。[注意]①— Would you rather do such a thing? — Yes, I would.
②— Would you like some tea? — Yes, I would.
这两个对话中的would rather，would like是惯用法，故不能用will来回答。因为在这两个句型中，will不能去替换would。
13．A 可参看10、15题。该句意思是：“汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有伤害你的意思。”ought not to have done = shouldn’t have done
14．B 从答语中的Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately这一信息句可提示考生，条件句应填表示与过去事实相反的时态。
15．B 从原题中的but he isn’t very sure yet这一信息句可暗示考生，Peter当晚来的可能性不大。A是“准来，肯定来”，D是“将要来”。
16．C 可参看10、11、13题。“本应该”而事实上没有……
17．D 从原题中I didn’t see your sister at the meeting和后文she would have met my brother这两个信息句可知，if条件句中应填与过去事实相反的过去完成时。可参看6、7、14题。
18．A 你不必告诉他。因为I’ve told him already这一信息句已暗示考生了。
19．C 当as if引导虚拟语气的句子是，如果主句与从句中的谓语词所表达的动作同时发生时，as if后接一般过去时。例如：He walked as if he were lame.如果从句中的谓语动作发生个在主句谓语动作之前，则用过去完成时。例如：He talked as if he had known the secret.不论主句中的谓语是现在时还是过去时。
20．C 只要考生抓住nearly一词和后文at any moment（随时的意思）这两个信息词语，就能很快选出C项，表示逻辑推测，意思是“快七点钟了，杰克一会儿就该到了。”
21．D 根据句意，是对过去情况的推测。“当时决不可能是一次舒服的乘车。”must表示对过去的推测只能用于肯定句。
22．B mustn’t表示“禁止”；may表示“有可能”。句子的意思是：“你不可以玩刀，可能会伤你自己。”
23．D 该题在考考生could与was able to之间的区别。Was able to表示在困难的情况下，经过一番周折而“能……”，并且成功地做了。
24．B 该题考查情态动词should表推测的用法。Can和might都可以表示可能性，用might则语气更加不肯定。Need表示“需要”、“必需”。Should可以表示推测，结合实际，合乎逻辑，意为“应当”、“该”。根据第一个说话者说的I need them tomorrow afternoon的语境，可以确定正确答案为B。
25．A 该题在考查“情态动词+不定式的完成式”的用法，从会话的语境看，空白处应填“could + have +过去分词”表示过去本来能做到的事而事实上没有做到。
26．B 该题考查表示请求的英语口语，用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表达一种意愿和请求，是以疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“请你……，好吗？”，对于这种问句的肯定答语可用Sure! Certainly! Yes, of course. I’d be glad to等；否定回答通常是I’m sorry, I can’t. No, I’m afraid I can’t. I’m sorry, but … I ‘d like to, but …等。
27．D might表示“可能性”。
28．C 意思是“我会的”。对祈使句的肯定回答。
29．B shouldn’t have done为本来不该做某事，而事实上做了。
30．D 用may not可表示“可能不”。而can not则表示断然的否定推测“不可能”。A，C意思不符
I. 前言：情态动词有词义，表说话人对某一动作或状态的感情和态度，与动词一起构成谓语。
II．情态动词的用法
may/might,can/could ,must,ought to, will/would,shall/should ,need,dare,used to
1.may:
1）表示“允许”
---May I use your car for a few days ? 可以
--- Yes , please./Certainly./ You may. 或 No, you may not./No, you mustn’t./You’d better not.
People may not pick flowers in the park. 不得
2）表示事实上的“可能”（用于肯定句和否定句） It may rain tomorrow. He may not be serious.
疑问句用likely/can 如：Is it likely to rain? Do you think it is likely to rain? Can that be true?
2．Might
1) may 的过去式 He asked me if he might（可以） take it away. He thought it might（可能） be true.
2) 表示“允许“ 语气更委婉 ---Might I use your dictionary? ---Yes , please.
3) 表示“可能”语气更不肯定 He might come tomorrow.
3.can
1) 表示“能力” Can you speak English?
2) 表示“许可”--Can I go now? –Yes, you can. //No , you can’t.
3）表示“可能” --Can the news be true? –No, it can’t be true
Lightening can be dangerous. （可能是）
Smoking can cause cancer.(有可能)
Even Experienced teachers can make mistakes.
She can be very naughty at times.
注：can 用于肯定句表示从理论上和逻辑上的可能性或一时的情况“有时会”
4）用于否定句或疑问句表示惊讶或不相信 How can you be so conceited?
4．could
1) can的过去时 He could sing very well when he is young.
The fire spread the building but everyone was able to escape.(was able to 表某一特定或具体的能力，不用could它表示泛指过去的能力)
2) 指现在/将来的“能力/意愿”
Could you run the company by youself?
Come when you like ,I could see you at any time
3) 指现在/将来的“可能性”
You mustn’t smoke while you are walking. You could start a fire.
Don’t eat it. It could be poisonous.
There could be trouble at the match tomorrow.
4) 指现在/将来的“允许”（比can更具有试探性和不肯定性）
I wonder if I could use your phone.
Could I see you now /tomorrow?
Could you lend me your pen?
5.must
1）表示“必须”（用于疑问句和肯定句） Everyone must obey the law.
回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to。
--Must I go now? --No, you needn’t. // No,You don’t have to // Yes, you must.
注意：must没有过去时/将来时/完成时， 要用have to代替
注意：mustn’t 表示“不准，不许” You mustn’t smoke here.
2）表示“一定” 用于肯定句
You must be joking. There must be a mistake.
若表“一定不”用can not 如He can’t have been to your home. He does’t know your address.
3）表示 “偏要，硬要”
If you must smoke, at least you could use an ashtray.
Why must it always rain on Saturtdays?
6.ought to
表示“应该”（义务）=should You ought to take care of her.
Ought I to go now? –Yes, you ought to . //No, you oughtn’t to.
表示“应当已经，想必”（推测） Tom ought to know her address. // She ought to (=should)be home by now.
7．will
1) 表示“愿意，打算，意志”
I will(=am willing to) lend you the book if you need it.
I will write to her tomorrow.
I will never give up.绝不会放弃
2) 在疑问句中用于第二人称，表示“请求”
Will you please take a message for him?
Let us go to the cinema, will you? 好吗
Come down quickly, will/won’t you? 好吗
Don’t run in the street, will you? 好吗
3）表示习惯性动作
A drowning man will catch at a straw.
He’ll talk for hours, if you let him.总是要
When I get on a bus and I see an advert, I will read it.总是要
4)表规律 表示某些自然规律必定会发生，它表示现在时间，不是将来时间。
Oil will float on water.
Oil and water will not mix.
5) 表示“意愿” 否定句中 won’t 的主语可以是人或物 （通过拟人化的手段来实现的）
If he will pay , I’ll go with him.愿意
If he won’t help us, all our plans will be ruined.
The door won’t open/refuses to open.打开
I bought this radio here yesterday, but it won’t work/doesn’t work. 24班级 here
6)表推测 “可能/大概” （说话人有很好的理由根据）
There is a ring at the door. That will be my wife, I suppose.
Let’s not go shopping today. The shops will be crowded.
He will have gone back to London.可能已经
She will have had her dinner by now.想必/可能
It will be snowing now in London. 可能正在
7）表示命令“必须”
You will report to the principle at once.
No one will leave the examination room before 12 o’clock
8.would
1) will的过去时 He felt that he would never recover.
2) 表示委婉地提出请求，愿望，看法 Would you do me a favor ? I would like to ask you a question.
3) 表过去习惯动作，“过去常常” 后不接be, have, believe但Used to 后可以接任何动词
He would sit there for hours sometimes, doing nothing at all.
Often at night he would hear a long low whistle.
People used to believe that the earth was flat.
4) 表示“执意，坚持”
His parents wouldn’t let im marry anyone whose family was poor.
I handed him some money, but he wouldn’t take the money.
9.shall
1) 用于问句（用于一，三人称）表示征询听话人意见(要求听者做决定)“要不要”
Shall we eat out tonight?
Shall I open the window?
Shall he wait here or outside?
2) 在陈述句中， 用于第二，三人称，表示说话人给对方以命令， 警告， 允诺或威胁或宣布法规
You shall go with me.
Tell her that he shall have the book tomorrow.
He shall be punished if he does it again.
The candidates(应考人) shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
10.should
1) 表示责任，义务 “应当” You should pay him.
2) 用于虚拟条件句和名词性从句中（虚拟语气）
3) 与完成式连用表示“本应该” You should have finished your homework yesterday.
4) 表示（按道理应该---“有猜测的含义） They should be at home by now.
The concert should be great fun. The poems should be out in a month.
5) 表示惊异，不以为然等情绪
Why should you talk to her like that? 竟然
I can’t think why he should have said that. 想不明白他为什么竟然---
11.need
1)实意动词 You don’t need to go. The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
2) 情态动词（没有过去时）
只用于否定句和疑问句，“需要”、“必须”
--Need I go now?
--Yes, you must.或I’m afraid you must.或No, you needn’t (=don’t have to)
12.dare
1) 实意动词 dare to do He doesn’t dare (to) answer. Does he dare (to)go?
2) 情态动词 （用于疑问句和否定句中，有过去时）
Dare you go home alone?=Do you dare to go home?
She dare not go out alone at night. (dared not go/ didn’t dare (to)go / doesn’t dare(to)go
情态动词小结
1表示推测的词may/might/must+ 三种时态 注意翻译疑问句
2.may not 可能不can not不可能 must not 不许
3．Ought to have done本应该做 ---/应当已经
He ought to have arrived by now. 应当已经 You ought to have done it by youself.
4. should have done本应该做--- You should have come to the meeting earlier.
5.must have done一定做过了--- 此结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。如：He must have arrived in Shanghai.
6.may/might have done 可能已经 He might/may have caught a cold.
Might have done 本来有可能---的（推测过去有可能发生，但已确定并未发生的事）
You might have given him more help, though（虽然） you were busy.
7.can /could not have done 不可能---的 They can’t/couldn’t have gone out because the light’s on !
8.could have done 本来能/可能已经 You could have helped me.
The letter could have got lost in the post.
The accident could have been prevented, but he was too careless.
9.was/were to have done 想做而没做 He was to have given the first talk, but he came late. 他本来第一个发言，但来晚了。
10.would like/love to have done 本想做— 但没做成 I would like to have gone to the party, but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
11.needn’t have done 本不必做--- You needn’t have got up so early.
12.was/were supposed to do 本该做--- You were not supposed to smoke in here.你本不应该在这吸烟。
13.can have done 对过去事件的可能性推测，只用于否定/疑问句
情态动词的用法比较
1．Can / be able to
The baby will be able to walk in a few weeks.（be able to 有将来时，而can没有）
He has been able to talk to us in English since he was four.（be able to 有完成时。而can 没有）
The fire spread through the hotel quickly but everyone was able to get out.
(was able to表示某人某一场合设法作成了某事，不用could)
He could read when he was five years old.（could 表示过去习惯性动作的完成，was able to 无此用法）
2.Would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式。如：
I’d rather not say anything.
Would you rather work on a farm?
---Wouldn’t you rather stay here?
---No, I would not. I’d rather go there.
由于would rather表选择，因而后可接than。如：
I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.
I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.
I’d rather you didn’t talk about this to anyone. （句中的’d rather不是情态动词，would在此是表愿望的实义动词）
情态动词精练
1. "When _____ he leave the hospital?" I asked the doctor.
A. will B. shall C. can D. may
2.--- They have not finish the work up to now.
---Well, they ______
A. should have B. should C. ought to D. ought have
3. Since it is already midnight, we______.
A. had better leaving B. ought to have leave
C. should take our leave D. might as well leave
4.____ you be happy!
A. May B. Can C. Must D. Would
5. Must we come tomorrow?
A. No, you can't B. No, you needn't
C. No, you mustn't D. No, you may not
6. You ___miss the lesson, though we___ have it on Thursday.
A. mustn't...needn't B. needn't....mustn't
C. mustn't...mustn't D. needn't...needn't
7. To succeed in a difficult task,_____.
A. one needs to work hard B. to work hard is needed
C. you need be a hard working person D. to work hard is what one needs
8. In case I______, I would try again.
A. will fail B. would miss C. should fail D. shall miss
9. Some people feel that handguns______.
A. should control B. should be controlled
C. must be controlling D. can be control
10. ______ open the door for you ?
A. Would you like that I B. Do you want that I
C. Will I D. Shall I
11. He doesn’t have to work tomorrow, but you have got to,___ you?
A. don’t B. haven’t C. haven’t got D. can’t
12. You ____wake me up when I fall asleep,____ you?
A. haven’t better; have B. would not rather; would
C. had better not; should. D. had not better; must
13---Why! I couldn’t get you on the phone this morning.
---We ____tennis in the yard when you phoned me.
A. could be playing B. must be playing C. must have been playing D. should have played
14. ---We didn’t see him at the lecture.
---Neither did anybody else. He ___ it.
A. may not have attended B. mustn’t attend C. can’t have attended D. couldn’t attend
15. ---I came here by taxi and the driver charged me 50 Yuan.
---Really? You ___have come by bus.
A. could B. must C. may D. should
16. ----Do you still remember when we went to the great wall
----I can’t remember it well, but____ it have been sometimes last may?
A. should B. must C. could D. would
17. ---I wonder why Mr lin didn’t come to work.
---He ___have been ill.
A. needn’t B. should C. might D. can
18.---No one passed the mathematics last night.
---I guess we___ the exercises last night.
A. could review B. should review C. might review D. should have reviewed
19. She____the hospital so soon, for she hasn’t yet recovered.
A. wouldn’t have left B. shouldn’t have left C. needn’t have left D. hadn’t
20. Why didn’t you tell me there was no meeting today? I ___ all the way. Here through the heavy snow.
A. needn’t have driven B. can’t have driven
C. must have driven D. shouldn’t have driven
练习题答案
BADAB AACBD
BCCCD CCDBA
十年高考情态动词考点回放
1. ----Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there? (04. NMET1. 29)
----No, it ____ be him. I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
2. You ____ be tired— you’ve only been worked for an hour. (04. NMET2. 29)
A. must not B. won’t C. can’t D. may not
3. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I ____ report it to the police? (04. NMET3. 21)
A. should B. may C. will D. can
4. ----Tom graduated from college at a very young age. (04. NMET4. 22)
----Oh, he ____ have been a very smart boy then.
A. could B. should C. might D. must
5. ----I don’t mind telling you what I know. (04. 江苏 . 22)
----You ____. I’m not asking you for it.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
6. ----Who is the girl standing over there? (04. 天津. 31)
---- Well, if you ____ know, her name is Mabel.
A. may B. can C. must D. shall
7. I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday. (04. 浙江. 26)
A. should B. might C. would D. could
8. ----Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
----You ____ have my computer if you don’t take care of it. (04. 湖南. 28)
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
9. ----I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. (04. 福建. 32)
-----You ____ her last week.
A. ought to tell B. would have told
C. must tell D. should have told
10. ----Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
----Sorry, I am not sure. But it ____ be. (04. 湖北. 26)
A. might B. will C. must D. can
11. Children under 12 years of age in that country ____ be under adult supervision when in a public library. (04. 上海. 28)
A. must B. may C. can D. need
12. “The interest ____ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge. (04. 重庆. 24)
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
13. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ____ not like the design of the furniture.(o4,上海春招，29)
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
14. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. (03. NMET. 28)
A. should B. can C. must D. will
15. How ____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article? (03. 上海. 29)
A. can B. must C. need D. may
16. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter ____ go and do the opposite. (03. 春招.)
A. may B. can C. must D. should
17．----The room is so dirty. _____ we clean it?
----Of course.( 03. 北京春招,21)
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
18．My English-Chinese dictionary has been disappeared. Who ____ have taken it? (03. 上海春招. 24)
A. should B. must C. could D. would
19. ----Is John coming by train?
----He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car. (02. NMET. 25)
A. must B. can C. need D. may
20. ----I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
----It ____ true because there was little snow there. (02. NMET.北京 31)
A. may not be B. won’t C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t
21. It has been announced that candidates _____ remain in their seats until all papers have been collected.(02, 上海, 27)
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
22. ----I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. ____ I have a look?
----Yes, certainly. (02. NMET.春季北京 29)
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. should
23. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I so much fried chicken just now. (02. 春季上海28)
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
24. I was really anxious about you. You home without a word. (01. NMET. 33)
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left
C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
25. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman be so rude to a lady. (01, 上海, 34)
A. might B. need C. should D. would
26. ----Write to me when you get home.
---- . (01. NMET.春季北京 6 )
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
27. Mr. Bush is on time for everything. How it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? (01. NMET.春季上海 27)
A. can B. should C. may D. must
28. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he your lecture. (00, 上海, 23)
A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended
C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended
29. Sorry, I’m late. I have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again. (00. NMET.春季北京 20 )
A. might B. should C. can D. will
30. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You come, but why didn’t you? (99, 上海, 14)
A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have
31. ----When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
----They be ready by 12:00. (98. NMET. 13)
A. can B. should C. might D. need
32. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone get out. (97. NMET. 24)
A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
33. When he was there, he go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. (96. 上海. 12)
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
34. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack be here at any moment. (95. NMET. 30)
A. must B. need C. should D. can
35. ----____ she use the computer in the office?
----Yes, please.
A. Shall B. Would C. Can D. Will
36. Everything has two sides. Beautiful song, sometimes ____ be just noise to others.
A. must B. may C. should D. could
37. Why didn’t you tell me yesterday that you could lend me some money? I ____ money from the bank.
A. needn’t borrow B. can’t have borrowed
C. needn’t have borrowed D. may not have borrowed
38. The director insisted the plan ____ reasonable and we _____.
A. was; carry it out B. were; carried it out
C. was; carried it out D. be; carry it out
39. ----I saw Mr. Smith at West Beijing Station this morning.
----You ____. He’s still on holiday in Hawaii.
A. couldn’t have B. mustn’t have
C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
40. Someone ____ my umbrella. I found it wet yesterday.
A. was using B. must have used
C. has used D. has been using
the key to Modal Verbs
1----5 ACADD 6----10 CAADA 11-----15 ADCBA 16----20 CBCDC
21---25 DBCBC 26---30 CAAAD 31----35 BCACA 36----40 BCAAB
情态动词专项练习
Ⅰ. 单项选择
1.I thought you like something to read, so I have brought you some books.[ ]
A. may B. might C. could D. must
2. You to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.[ ]
A. needn't to come B. don't need come
C. don't need coming D. needn't come
3. He you more help, even though he was very busy. [ ]
A. might have given B. might give
C. may have given D. may give
4.─ I help you with some shoes, madam?
─ Yes, I would like to try on those brown ones. [ ]
A. Will B. Should C. May D. Must
5. The reason why they leave wasn't explained to us. [ ]
A. had B. had to C. must D. might
6. I searched for my wallet and it wasn't there. I thought I it at home. [ ]
A. left B. have left
C. might have left D. could have left
7. I asleep because it took me a long time to realize that the telephone was ringing. [ ]
A. could have fallen B. should have fallen
C. must have fallen D. mustn't have fallen
8. The only thing that really matters to the children is how soon they return to their school. [ ]
A. can B. must C. have to D. ought to
9. I want to go to the chemist's, but you go with me. [ ]
A. need not B. must not C. need D. must
10. I thought it over, but come to no conclusion. [ ]
A. can B. could C. should D. would
11. What we get seems better than what we have. [ ]
A. can B. could C. can't D. Couldn’t
12.─My goodness! I've just missed the train.
─That's too bad. I am sure you it, if you had hurried. [ ]
A. could have caught B. had caught
C. would catch D. could catch
13. Look! What you've done! You more careful.[ ]
A. may be B. had to
C. should have been D. would be
14. I repeat the question? [ ]
A. Shall B. Will C. Do you want that D. Do
15. Professor Li, many students want to see you. they wait here or outside![ ]
A. Do B. Will C. Shall D. Are
16. You read that book if you don't want to. [ ]
A. haven't B. can't C. mustn't D. needn't
17. Johnny, you play with the knife; you hurt yourself.[ ]
A. won't; can't B. can't; shouldn't
C. shouldn't; must D. mustn't; may
18. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack be here at any moment. [ ]
A. must B. need C. can D. should
19. ─ There were already 5 people in the car, but they managed to take me as well.
─ It a comfortable journey. [ ]
A. can't be B. shouldn't be
C. couldn't have been D. mustn't have been
20. Tom ought not to me your secret, but he meant no harm.[ ]
A. have told B. tell
C. be telling C. having told
21. Everyone is here. we start the meeting? [ ]
A. Can B. Must C. Should D. Shall
22. I parked my car right here but now it's gone. It . [ ]
A. must be stolen B. may be stolen
C. must have stolen D. must have been stolen
23. He the work yesterday, but he didn't.[ ]
A. must have finished B. need have finished
C. finished D. should have finished
24. He did not pass the examination. As a good student, he .[ ]
A. mustn't have failed
B. may not have failed
C. needn't have failed
D. shouldn't have failed
25. it be true that Albert passed the test in geography? [ ]
A. May B. should C. Could D. would
26. You lead a horse to the water but you not make it drink.[ ]
A. will; can B. may; can
C. may; dare D. dare; can
27. ─Must we finish the composition in class?
─No, you . [ ]
A. needn't B. mustn't
C. won't D. shouldn't
28. Her eyes were red. She .[ ]
A. must cry B. must be cried
C. must have been crying D. may cry
29. Mary his letter, otherwise she would have replied before now. [ ]
A. has received
B. must receive
C. couldn't have received
D. shouldn't have received
30. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I for her. [ ]
A. had to write it out
B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out
D. ought to write it out
Ⅱ. 用所给动词的适当形式填空
─Hello. Gerry speaking.
─Hello, Gerry. It's me John here. Why aren't you here at the meeting?
─Well, I'm terribly sorry, but I'm not feeling very well.
─Is that all? We thought you might (have) an accident or (forget) the day or something.
─No, I'm sorry. I was sick all night. I think it must (be) the fish I ate last night.
─Well, I think you should at least (phone) Kate and (tell) her you weren't coming to the meeting.
─Yes, I suppose I should (do) so. I'm sorry about that. Anyway, I think I'll be able to get in to work tomorrow.
─OK, Take care and don't eat any more fish.
─I won't. Thanks for calling.
─That's all right.
Ⅲ. 用would, should, must , have to 填空
1.─ I have not a raincoat with me.
─That's why I wait until the rain stops.
2. you be so kind as to keep an eye on my house while I am away?
3. It is important that I see him at once.
4. the pain return，take one of these pills.
5. They didn't dare to leave the train lest they be attacked by wolves.
6. He ordered that Tom leave the house at once.
7. The last bus has left. We walk home.
8. The weather was bad. We wait for two hours at the airport before we took off.
9. You come and see us sometime.
10.The letter be translated into English.
Ⅳ. 把下列句子译成英语
1.她一定把钥匙丢了.
2.他们一定走了,可是应当给我留一个条子呀!
3.你本不必要把整个课文都译成汉语.
4.我是可能早一些来的,可是我在路上碰到一个朋友.
5.下一次你应该更小心些.
参考答案
Ⅰ.
1.B 2.D 3.A 4. C 5. B 6. C 7. C 8. A 9. A 10. B
11.C 12.A 13.C 14.A 15.C 16.D 17.D 18.D 19.C 20.A
21.D 22.D 23.D 24.D 25. C 26.B 27.A 28.C 29.C 30.C
Ⅱ. have had; forgotten; be; have；honed; told; have done;
Ⅲ. 1. have to 2. Would 3. should 4. Should 5. should 6. should 7. have to/will have to
8. had to 9. must 10. must
Ⅳ.
1. She must have lost her key.
2. The must have left, but they should have left us a note.
3. You needn't have translated the whole text into Chinese.
4. I could have arrived a little earlier, but I met a friend of mine on the way.
5. You should be more careful next time.
情态助动词专题训练
概 说
助动词(auxiliary)主要有两类：基本助动词(primary auxiliary)和情态助动词(modal auxiliary)。基本助动词有三个：do, have和be；情态助动词有十三个：may, might; can, could; will, would; shall, should; must, need, dare, used to, ought to. 上述两类助动词的共同特征是，在协助主动词构成限定动词词组时，具有作用词的功能：
1） 构成否定式：
He didn’t go and neither did she.
The meeting might not start until 5 o’clock.
2） 构成疑问式或附加疑问式：
Must you leave right now?
You have been learning French for 5 years, haven’t you?
3） 构成修辞倒装：
Nowhere can he obtain any information about his sister.
Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.
4） 代替限定动词词组：
A: Who can solve this crossword puzzle?
B: Tom can.
A: Shall I write to him?
B: Yes, do.
情态助动词的特征
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是，基本助动词本身没有词义，而情态助动词则有自己的词义，能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法，或表示主观设想：
What have you been doing since? （构成完成进行体，本身无词义）
I am afraid I must be going. （一定要）
You may have read some account of the matter. （或许已经）
除此之外，情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征：
1） 除ought和used以外，其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话，那么，所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式：
We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.
2） 情态助动词在限定动词词组总总是位居第一：
They need not have been punished so severely.
3） 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候，没有词形变化，即其词尾无-s形式：
She dare not say what she thinks.
4） 情态动词没有非限定形式，即没有不定式、-ing分词和-ed分词形式：
Still, she needn’t have run away.
5） 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合，情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间：
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
6） 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的，即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词，但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用：
You should have washed the wound.
Well, you shouldn’t be reading a novel.
现将情态助动词的各种形式列表如下：
肯定式
否定式
简略否定式
may
might
may not
might not
mayn’t
mightn’t
can
could
can not, cannot
could not
can’t
couldn’t
will, ’ll
would, ’d
will not, ’ll not
would not, ’d not
won’t
wouldn’t
shall
should
shall not
should not
shan’t
shouldn’t
must
must not
mustn’t
need
need not
needn’t
dare
dare not
daren’t
used to
used not to
didn’t use(d) to
usedn’t to
ought to
ought not to
oughtn’t to
情态助动词的意义和用法
情态助动词从最普通的意义上来说，是修饰分句意义的一种方式，它可以反映说话者对其表述是否真实和可能的程度作出判断。但不同的情态助动词本身所包含的意义和用法又不同，下面逐个分析。
1） can和could的用法
1． 表示能力或客观可能性，还可以表示请求和允许。如：
Can you finish this work tonight?
Man cannot live without air.
— Can I go now? — Yes, you can.
注意：①could也可表示请求，预期委婉，主要用于疑问句，不可用于肯定句，答语应用can（即could不能用于现在时态的简略答语中）。如：
Could I come to see you tomorrow?
Yes, you can. （否定答语可用No, I’m afraid not.）
②can表示能力时，还可用be able to代替。如：
I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.
2． 表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度。（主要用在否定句、疑问句或惊叹句中）
Can this be true?
How can you be so careless!
This cannot be done by him.
3． “can(could) + have + 过去分词”的疑问或否定形式表示对过去发生的行为怀疑或不肯定。如：
He cannot have been to that town.
Can he have got the book?
2） may和might的用法
1． 表示许可。
表示请求、允许时，might比many的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn’t表示“不可以”、“禁止”、“阻止”之意。如：
You may drive the car.
— Might I use your pen? — No, you mustn’t.
用May I ... 征询对方许可在文体上比较正式，在口气上比较客气。在日常口语中，用Can I ... 征询对方意见在现代口语中更为常见。
2． 用于祈使句中表示祝愿。如：
May you succeed!
3． 表示推测、可能（疑问句不能用于此意）。
He may be very busy now.
4． “may(might) + have + 过去分词”表示对过去发生的行为的推测。如：
He may not have finished the work.
3） must和have to的用法
1． 表示必须、必要。如：
You must come in time.
回答must引出的问句时，如果是否定的回答，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to。
— Must we hand in our exercise books today?
— Yes, you must. (No, you don’t have to.)
2． “must be + 表语”的结构表示推测，它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
This must be your pen.
3． “must + have + 过去分词”的结构常用在肯定句中，表示对过去发生的行为的推测。它的否定或疑问式用can代替must。
He must have been to Shanghai.
4． have to的含义与must相似，两者往往可以互换使用，但have to有各种形式，随have的变化而定。must与have to有下列几点不同：
① must表示的是说话人的主观看法，而have to则往往强调客观需要。如：
The play is not interesting. I really must go now.
I had to work when I was your age.
② must一般只表现在，have则有更多的时态形式。
③ 二者的否定意义不大相同。如：
You mustn’t go. 你可不要去。
You don’t have to go. 你不必去。
④ 询问对方的意愿时应用must。如：
Must I clean all the room?
4） dare和need的用法
1． need表示“需要”或“必须”，作情态动词时，仅用于否定句或疑问句中，在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to,或should代替。如：
You needn’t come so early.
— Need I finish the work today?
— Yes, you must.
注意：needn’t + 不定式的完成式“表示本来不必做某事而实际上做了某事”。如：
You needn’t have waited for me.
2． Dare作情态动词时，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，一般不用在肯定句中。如：
How dare you say I’m unfair.
He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?
3． Dare和need常用作实义动词，有时态、人称和数的变化，所不同的是，作实义动词时，在肯定句中，dare后面通常接带to的不定式，在否定和疑问句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。如：
I dare to swim across this river.
He does not dare (to) answer.
Don’t you dare (to) touch it!
I wondered he dare (to) say that.
He needs to finish it this evening.
5） shall和should的用法
1． Shall用于第一人称，表示征求对方的意愿。如：
What shall we do this evening?
2． Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。如：
Shall we begin our lesson?
When shall he be able to leave the hospital?
3． Shall用于第二、第三人称，表示说话人给对方命令、警告、允诺或威胁。如：
You shall fail if you don’t work harder. （警告）
He shall have the book when I finish reading. （允诺）
He shall be punished. （威胁）
4． Should表示劝告、建议、命令，其同义词是ought to；在疑问句中，通常用should代替ought to。如：
You should go to class right away.
Should I open the window?
Should的含义较多，用法较活，现介绍三种其特殊用法。请看下面的句子：
① I should think it would be better to try it again. 我倒是认为最好再试一试。
② You are mistaken, I should say. 依我看，你是搞错了。
③ I should advise you not to do that. 我倒是劝你别这样做。
④ This is something I should have liked to ask you. 这是我本来想问你的。
从以上例句可以看出：情态动词should用于第一人称时可以表示说话人的一种谦逊、客气、委婉的语气。
Should还可以用在if引导的条件从句，表示一件事听起来可能性很小，但也不是完全没有可能。相当于“万一”的意思。从句谓语由should加动词原形构成，主句谓语却不一定用虚拟语气。如：
⑤ Ask her to ring me up if you should see her. 你万一见到她，请让她给我打个电话。
⑥ If you should change your mind, please let us know. 万一你改变主意，请通知我们。
⑦ Should I (If I should) be free tomorrow I will come. 万一我明天有时间，我就来。
此外，Why(or How) + should结构表示说话人对某事不能理解，感到意外、惊异等意思。意为“竟会”。如：
⑧ Why should you be so late today? 你几天怎么来得这么晚？
⑨ — Where is Betty living? — 贝蒂住在哪里？
— How should I know? — 我怎么会知道呢？
⑩ I don’t know why you should think that I did it. 我真不知道你凭什么认为这件事是我干的。
5． “should + have + 过去分词”结构一般表示义务，表示应该做到而实际上没有做到，并包含一种埋怨、责备的口气。如：
She should have finished it.
I should have helped her, but I never could.
You should have started earlier.
6） will和would的用法
1． 表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。如：
Would you pass me the book?
2． 表示意志、愿望和决心。如：
I will never do that again.
They asked if we would do that again.
3． 用“will be”和“will(would) + have + 过去分词”的结构表示推测，主要用于第二、三人称。前者表示对目前情况的推测，后者表示对已经完成的动作或事态的推测。如：
This will be the book you want.
He will have arrived by now.
The guests would have arrived by that time.
I thought you would have finished this by now.
4． Would可表示过去反复发生的动作或某中倾向。Would表过去习惯时比used to正式，并没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。如：
The wound would not heal.
During the vacation he would visit me every week.
5． 表料想或猜想。如：
It would be about ten when he left home.
What would she be doing there?
I thought he would have told you all about it.
7） ought to的用法
1． Ought to表示应该。如：
You ought to take care of him.
2． 表示推测。注意与must表示推测时的区别：
He must be at home by now. （断定他已到家）
He ought to be home by now. （不十分肯定）
This is where the oil must be. （比较直率）
This is where the oil ought to be. （比较含蓄）
3． “ought to + have + 过去分词”表示过去应做某事而实际未做。如：
You ought to have asked him (but you didn’t).
这时，ought to和should可以互相换用。
注意：在美国英语中，ought to用于否定句和疑问句时，to可以省略。如：
Ought you smoke so much?
You oughtn’t smoke so much.
8） used to，had better，would rather的用法
1． Used to表示过去的习惯动作或状态，现在已不存在，在间接引语中，其形式可不变。如：
He told us he used to play football when he was young.
在疑问句、否定句、否定疑问句或强调句中，可有两种形式：
疑问句
Did you use to go to the same school as your brother?
Used you to go to the same school as your brother?
否定句
I usedn’t to go there.
I didn’t use to go there.
Usedn’t 亦可拼作usen’t，但发音皆为[ju:znt]。
否定疑问句
Usen’t you to be interested in the theatre?
Didn’t you use to be interested in the theatre?
强调句
I certainly used to smoke, but it was a long time ago.
I certainly did use to smoke, but it was a long time ago.
其反意疑问句或简略回答中，也有两种形式：
She used to be very fat, didn’t she? （正式）/ use(d)n’t she? （口语）
Did you use to play chess? Yes, I did.
Used you to get up early in the morning? Yes, I did. (Yes, I used to.)
2． Had better意为“最好”，后接不带to的不定式。如：
— We had better go now.
— Yes, we had (we’d better / we had better).
Hadn’t we better stop now? (Had we better not stop now?)
I think I’d better be going. （用于进行时态，表“最好立即”）
You had better have done that. （用于完成时态，表未完成动作）
注：①had best与had better同意，但较少用。②You had better … 用于同辈或小辈，对长辈不可用。
3． Would rather意为“宁愿”，表选择，后接不带to的不定式。如：
I’d rather not say anything.
Would you rather work on a farm?
— Wouldn’t you rather stay here?
— No, I would not. I’d rather go there.
由于would rather表选择，因而后可接than。如：
I would rather work on a farm than in a factory.
I would rather watch TV than go to see the film.
I would rather lose a dozen cherry trees than that you should tell me one lie.
I’d rather you didn’t talk about this to anyone. （句中的’d rather不是情态动词，would在此是表愿望的实义动词）
练习部分
一、基础训练
1）单项选择
1. You ___ hand it in at once, you may hand it in tomorrow.
(A) needn't (B) may not (C) can't (D) must not
2. "That must be a mistake." "No it ___ a mistake."
(A) must not be (B) needn't be (C) cannot be (D) would not be
3. You ___ go now. It's getting late.
(A) had rather (B) would (C) had better (D) would
4. Since the bus is crowded, we ___.
(A) had better walk to home (B) have better walk home
(C) had better walk home (D) had better to walk home
5. "You ___ come in now, Mary! It's getting cold!" “I ___ go on playing in the garden."
(A) had better...had better (B) would rather...had better
(C) had better...would rather (D) had better...would have better
6. When I was a boy, I ___ chocolate.
(A) would like (B) was used to like (C) should like (D) used to like
7. I wasn't supposed to go to the movies, but I ___ myself.
(A) cannot help (B) couldn't but (C) had to help (D) couldn't help
8. Looking at my determined face, the big boy ___ pick up the fight.
(A) dares not (B) dare not (C) doesn't dare (D) dares not to
9. He began to write two hours ago. He ___ have finished the article now.
(A) must (B) ought (C) ought to (D) had to
10. You ___ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
(A) needn't to come (B) don't need come (C) don't need coming (D)needn't come
11. ___ you be here at eight o'clock tomorrow morning?
(A) Would (B) Should (C) Can (D) Could
12. ___ I have a talk with the Party Secretary now?
(A) Will (B) Did (C) May (D) Can
13. "You ___ read that article if you don’t want to.”
(A) needn't (B) mustn’t (C) haven't (D) can’t
14. When the storm comes all windows ___.
(A) ought to close (B) ought to be closing (C) ought to be closed (D) ought to closed
15. I ___ me what happened.
(A) would like you tell (B) would like you to tell
(C) would like you telling (D) would like you that you tell
16. I hope you can visit my country soon, because___ to show you some of the beautiful places near my home.
(A) I like (B) I'd like (C) I will like (D) I shall like
17. She ___ for yesterday's test, but she didn’t.
(A)should have studied (B) would study (C) might be studying (D)must have studied
18. He ___ breakfast at eight o'clock when he lived alone. But nowadays he ___ it at seven.
(A) was used to have ... is having (B) was used to having ...is having
(C) used to have ... has (D) used to having ...was
19. In the old society Grandpa Zhou ___ to work long hours a day.
(A) was working (B) was having (C) had (D) has
20. Everybody ___ in bed.
(A) has to spend some time (B) have to spend some time
(C) has to spend sometimes (D) have to spend sometimes
2) 选择合适的词或词组填空
1. I have a headache. I __________ take an aspirin.
(had better; would better)
2. He looks sleepy. He must __________ bed very late last night.
(go; have gone)
3. I want to go to the office, but you __________ with me.
(need not to go; need not go)
4. I ought __________ those books to the library last week.
(to have taken; to take)
5. The mother is telling her son, “You __________ eat with your fingers!”
(wouldn’t; mustn’t)
6. He was a good swimmer so he _______ swim to the river bank when the boat sank. (was able to; could)
7. To travel from England to Scotland you __________ a passport.
(don’t need; needn’t)
8. He went on foot, but he __________ by bus.
(ought have gone; should have gone)
9. A: Did Ken take the job in the bookstore?
B: No, but I think he __________.
(must have; should have)
10. He __________ talk for hours, if you let him.
(can; will)
11. You __________ use this toothbrush, it’s mine.
(may not; shall not)
12. No matter what people say, I __________ do as I like.
(shall; will)
13. “I’m willing to let you take whatever you like.” Means “you ______ take whatever you like.” (shall; will)
14. A: I haven’t felt well for a week.
B: You __________ see a doctor.
(had better; should have to)
15. A: He is late, __________ he have missed the bus?
B: Yes, he must have missed the bus.
(Can; Must)
二、强化练习
1) 选择填空
1. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
2. One ought _____ for what one hasn’t done.
A. not to be punished B. to not be punished
C. to not punished D. not be punished
3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must ___ always ___ so much.
A. not; be smoking B. not; have smoked
C. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking
4. With so much work on hand, you _____ to see the game last night.
A. mustn’t go B. shouldn’t go C. couldn’t have gone D. shouldn’t have gone
5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it ______ better organized.
A. had been B. had to be C. must have been D. could have been
6. I’m surprised that he _____ in the exam.
A. should fail B. would have failed C. may have failed D. should have failed
7. The little girl _____ there alone.
A. not dare go B. dares not go C. dare not go D. dare not to go
8. “Must we do it now?” “No, you _____.”
A. won’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. don’t
9. He said he would rather not _____ it right now.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing
10. You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come C. don’t need coming D. needn’t come
11. Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
12. I _____ play football than baseball.
A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer
13. I thought you _____ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might C. could D. must
14. There was plenty of times. She _____.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
15. The plant is dead. I _____ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given
16. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
17. It’s still early, you _____.
A. mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry
18. Please open the window, _____?
A. can’t you B. aren’t you C. do you D. will you
19. We _____ for her because she never came.
A. mustn’t have waited B. shouldn’t have waited
C. mustn’t wait D. needn’t wait
20. — May I stop here? — No, you _____.
A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t
21. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, _____.
A. won’t we B. will we C. don’t we D. shall we
22. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
23. — Please don’t make a noise.
— _____. I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. Yes, I won’t B. No, I won’t C. No, I will D. Yes, I will
24. The young man has made so much noise that he _____ not have been allowed to attend the concert.
A. could B. must C. would D. should
25. — Where is John? — He _____ in the library.
A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been
26. Since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.
A. it must rain B. it must be raining
C. it must have rained D. it must have been rain
27. — Will your brother stay home tonight?
— I’m not quite sure. He _____ to the cinema tonight.
A. must go B. can go C. may go D. may be going
28. She’s already two hours late. What ______ to her?
A. can have happened B. may have happened
C. should have happened D. must happen
29. You must be a writer, _____?
A. mustn’t you B. are you C. must you D. aren’t you
30. I got up early that morning, but I _____ so because I had no work to do.
A. mustn’t have done B. didn’t need to do
C. needn’t have done D. can’t have done
31. He _____ have come here yesterday, but he didn’t.
A. could B. should C. ought to D. all the above
32. I missed the last bus, so I _____ go home on foot.
A. must B. have to C. may D. had to
33. He ought to win the first prize, _____ he?
A. oughtn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. both A and B
34. Everyone _____ do his best for the modernizations of our country.
A. can B. may C. should D. might
35. Let’s clean our classroom, _____?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
36. Let us play basketball, ______?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
37. He asked me for this book many times. Please tell him that he _____ have it tomorrow.
A. must B. may C. shall D. both B and C
38. “Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 9568442.”
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
39. Mother _____ us stories when we were children.
A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling
40. She would rather _____ more money on books _____ on clothes.
A. cost … not B. to spare … don’t C. pay … than D. spend … than
2）强化练习题
1) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing.
A) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washed
C) must not have washed D) can not have washed
2) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he____ last night.
A) should study B) should have studied
C) must have studied D) must have to study
3) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned.
A) can't have been B) shouldn't have been
C) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been
4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.
A) must have sailed B) can sail C) might have sailed D) should have sailed 5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.
A) should have been B) must have been C) must be D) should be 6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He ____ his mind.
A) can't have changed B) wouldn't have changed
C) must have changed D) shouldn't have changed
7) You____ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.
A) needn't go B) had better not go C) should not go D) needn't have gone
8) We____ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.
A) must receive B) ought to receive
C) must have received D) ought to have received
9) With all the work on hand, he____ to the cinema last night.
A) mustn't go B) shouldn't have gone C) could not go D) couldn't have gone
10) Eve was late for class again. She ____earlier.
A) should get up B) must get up C) need to get up D) should have got up
11) I am feeling sick. I____ so much chocolate.
A) needn't have eaten B) couldn't have eaten
C) mustn't have eaten D) shouldn't have eaten
12) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I ____.
A) had B) would do C) should have D) might have to
13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he____ Tom to go with him.
A) might have asked B) should asked C) must have asked D) should have asked
14) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I____ there earlier.
A) ought to get B) ought to have got C) must have got D) must get
15) The road was muddy. It____ last night.
A) must rained B) must have rained C) must be rained D) could have rained
16) She can speak quite fluent English. She____.
A) must been in the U.S.A. for some time
B) must have been in the U.S.A. for some time
C) should have been in the U.S.A. for some time
D) May be in the U.S.A. for some time
17) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he____.
A) was used to be B) used to be C) was used to D) use to
18)“We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He ___it.”
A) mustn't visit B) can't have visited C) should have gone to see D) may see
19) Mary ____my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
A) should have received B) has received
C) couldn't have received D) ought to have received
20) I ____ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.
A) would have liked to give B) liked to give
C) have liked to give D) would like to give
21)“Where ____ my umbrella?”“Somebody ____ it away by mistake.”
A) is, must have taken B) is, must take
C) have been, must take D) is, takes
22) What ____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?
A) will you suppose B) you suppose
C) do you suppose D) you would suppose
23) Two eyes ____see more than one.
A) can B) may C) will D) should
24) ____ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.
A) Would B) Will C) May D) Should
25) We ought to help each other in our work, ____?
A) oughtn't we B) should we C) shouldn't we D) ought to we
26) Tom ____ better than to ask Dick for help.
A) shall know B) shouldn't know C) has known D) should have known
27) You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.
A) had better got B) had to get better C) had better to get D) had better get
28) When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we ____.
A) needn't hurry B) didn't need hurry
C) needn't to hurry D) needn't have hurried
29) It was really very dangerous; you ____ him seriously.
A) might have injured B) could injure
C) should have injured D) must injure
30) As he had heart attack, he was told that he ____ continue the work.
A) needn't B) may not C) mustn't D) can't
31) An Englishman who ____not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.
A) must B) could C) may D) might
32) I ____like to make a suggestion.
A) could B) would C) must D) might
33) I know things are hard with you, but you ____try to get over the difficulties.
A) can B) may C) must D) ought
34 I can't find the recorder in the room. It ____ by somebody.
A) may have been taken away B) may leave
C) may take away D) must have taken away
35) He ____the 9:20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25.
A) can reach B) could catch C) may not catch D) couldn't have caught
3) 单句改错（先判断句子是否正确，正确的句子不需改动。）
1. Ought you smoke so much?
2. If Fred didn’t leave here before five, he mustn’t be home yet.
3. I’m going home. I don’t want to but I must, because my mother asked me not to go out after dark.
4. After I’ve finished my course, I’ll can speak English fluently.
5. I can be seeing the top of the tower in this bedroom.
6. You are not able to play football in the park on Sundays, though you may do so on weekdays.
7. He can’t be working at this hour!
8. Mary Blake ought to not be home by now.
9. His luggage is still here, he must not have left.
10. I used to writing poetry myself when I was his age.
三、能力提升
1. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
2. Where is my pen? I _____ it.
A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost
3. I wish I _____ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
4. I didn’t hear the phone. I _____ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
5. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
6. He _____ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might have C. may have given D. may give
7. If it _____ for the snow, we _____ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
8. Without electricity human life _____ quite difficult today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
9. A computer _____ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
10. Jenny _____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
11. We _____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study
12. — Could I borrow your dictionary?
— Yes, of course you _____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
13. Tom ought not to _____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
14. — If he _____, he _____ that food.
— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
15. Peter _____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
17. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
18. — Shall I tell John about it?
— No, you _____. I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
20. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
21.— There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
— It _____ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
22. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
24. — When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
— They _____ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
25. — I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
— Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
26. — Will you stay for lunch?
— Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
27. — Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
— I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
28. — Write to me when you get home.
— _____.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
29. I was really anxious about you, you _____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
30. — Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
解答部分
基础训练部分
1——5 ACCCC 6——10 DDBCD 11——15 CCACB 16——20 BACCA
1. had better 2. have gone 3. need not go 4. to have taken
5. mustn’t 6. was able to 7. don’t need 8. should have gone
9. should have 10. will 11. shall not 12. will
13. shall 14. had better 15. Can
强化练习1）选择填空部分答案解析
1. D. must表示推测时不用于否定句；shouldn’t have done sth. 表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”；needn’t have done sth. 表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”；couldn’t have done sth. 表示“不可能做过某事”。根据题意，选D。
2. A. 情态动词ought 后要接带to的不定式，ought to do 的否定式是ought not to do，所以答案是A。
3. A. must not always be doing sth. 表示“不要老是做谋事”，含有埋怨、指责、反感等感情色彩。
4. D. 题中的A项和B项都指现在情况；couldn’t have gone表示“不可能去过”；shouldn’t have gone表示“本不应该去而实际上去了”。根据题意，选D。
5. D. could have done sth. 表示“本来能够做某事而实际上未能做成”。
6. D. should可用于表示惊奇、感叹、不满等感情色彩的句子，如指过去的动作，则要用should have done sth. Would 和 may通常不带感情色彩。
7. C. 题中的dare是情态动词，后接不带to的不定式，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
8. B. must开头的疑问句，否定答语用needn’t或don’t have to。
9. C. would rather通常也视为情态动词（组），后接动词原形，其否定形式为would rather not。
10. D. need作为情态动词，其否定形式为needn’t；作实义动词时，其否定形式为don’t (doesn’t) need to do。
11. D. must用在肯定句中表推测时，语气比could, would等肯定得多。此处“must + 不定式进行式”表“想必正在……”之意。
12. A. would rather … than …，意为“宁愿（做）……而不（做）……”。
13. B. 由句意可知，这是对过去发生的事情不太有把握的推测。
14. D. needn’t have done意为“过去不必做而做了某事”。
15. D. should have done表示“过去应该做而没有做某事”。
16. C. can’t（不能），mustn’t（不准），may not（不可以），均不合题意。
17. D. don’t have to = needn’t
18. D. will用在第二人称的疑问句中，为询问（或征求）对方的意愿或向对方提出请求之意。
19. B. should not have done表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”，“批评”之意。
20. A. may开头的疑问句，否定答语常用mustn’t。
21. D. 疑问句中shall用于第一、三人称，用来征询对方的意见。
22. D. 推测“她不可能在会上发言”，must表示推测时，不能用于否定句中。
23. B. will在此处表示“意志（向）”。
24. D. should not have done表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”，“批评”之意。
25. B. must do表示对现在的事实进行推测。
26. C. must have done用于对过去发生的事情进行推测，且较有把握。
27. C. 表示推测时，must比may语气肯定。
28. A. can表推测，只用于否定句和疑问句中。
29. D. must表示推测时，其后的反意问句有两种情况：①对现存状态（现在的事实）进行推测时，反意疑问句中动词用其一般现在形式。②对过去发生的事情进行推测时，若有表过去的时间状语，反意问句用动词的过去式。
30. C. needn’t have done表示“过去不必做而做了某事”，若表示“不必做某事（且实际上未做）”则用“didn’t / don’t / doesn’t need to.”
31. D. A表示“本能够”，B, C表“本应该”。
32. D. have to表示客观上要求做某事，must表示主观上认为必须做某事。
33. D. ought to的反意问句应用oughtn’t或shouldn’t开头。
34. C. should 含“按理应该做……”、“有义务做……”之意。
35. C. Let’s 中的us一般包括对方在内。
36. A. Let us中的us一般不包括对方在内。
37. D. may和shall均可表“允诺”。
38. A. 由句后得知句意为“我开始没听清楚对方的电话号码”，为对过去的事实或发生动作的表述。
39. C. used to do“过去（常）做某事”，be used to doing“习惯于做某事”。
40. D. would rather后接动词原形。Spend … on sth.为常用结构。
强化练习2）答案
1——5 ACACB 6——10 CDDDD 11——15 DCDBB 16——20 BBCCA
21——25 ACACA 26——30 DDDAC 31——35 BBCAD
强化练习3）单句改错答案
1. (No mistake)在否定句和疑问句中，ought后面的to可省。
2. mustn’t — can’t 3. must — have to 4. can — be able to
5. be seeing — see 6. are not able to — cannot 7. (No mistake)
8. to not — not to 9. must — can 10. writing — write
能力提升答案全解
1．C 从原题中You can keep it till next week if you like这一信息句可知，“你不必现在还”。
2．D 从原题中Where is my pen?这一信息句可告诉考生，“笔丢了”，丢的动作是过去发生的。因此用must + have done表示对过去事实的肯定猜测。
3．C 原题中的yesterday这一信息词告诉考生，在wish后的宾语从句中，用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
4．B 从原题中的I didn’t hear the phone.这一信息可以判断出，用must have done表示过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。
5．A 从原题中last Saturday这一信息词可知，条件句中用表示与过去 事实相反的过去完成时，主句用would + have done。
6．A might have + 过去分词，在次是虚拟语气，表示“本来可以给你更多的帮助”，而事实则是帮助较少。
7．C 从原题中的yesterday这一信息词暗示考生，该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时，If it had not been for … “要不是因为……”。
8．D 原题中的Without electricity相当于一个条件句：If there were no electricity,故主句用human life would be quite difficult today.
9．A can可以表示一种客观上的能力，本句can’t，表示“不能，不会”。
10．B 从原题总的“I wonder why she changed her mind”“我不知道为何他改变了主意了。”这句话告诉考生Janny没有守诺言。因此，用should + have done，表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没有做”。
11．C 可参看10题。意思是：“昨晚本应该学习，但是却去听音乐会了。”
12．C 原题中的could不是过去时，而表示一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用could提问时，用can回答。同样用would，might提问，用will和may回答。[注意]①— Would you rather do such a thing? — Yes, I would.
②— Would you like some tea? — Yes, I would.
这两个对话中的would rather，would like是惯用法，故不能用will来回答。因为在这两个句型中，will不能去替换would。
13．A 可参看10、15题。该句意思是：“汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有伤害你的意思。”ought not to have done = shouldn’t have done
14．B 从答语中的Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately这一信息句可提示考生，条件句应填表示与过去事实相反的时态。
15．B 从原题中的but he isn’t very sure yet这一信息句可暗示考生，Peter当晚来的可能性不大。A是“准来，肯定来”，D是“将要来”。
16．C 可参看10、11、13题。“本应该”而事实上没有……
17．D 从原题中I didn’t see your sister at the meeting和后文she would have met my brother这两个信息句可知，if条件句中应填与过去事实相反的过去完成时。可参看6、7、14题。
18．A 你不必告诉他。因为I’ve told him already这一信息句已暗示考生了。
19．C 当as if引导虚拟语气的句子是，如果主句与从句中的谓语词所表达的动作同时发生时，as if后接一般过去时。例如：He walked as if he were lame.如果从句中的谓语动作发生个在主句谓语动作之前，则用过去完成时。例如：He talked as if he had known the secret.不论主句中的谓语是现在时还是过去时。
20．C 只要考生抓住nearly一词和后文at any moment（随时的意思）这两个信息词语，就能很快选出C项，表示逻辑推测，意思是“快七点钟了，杰克一会儿就该到了。”
21．D 根据句意，是对过去情况的推测。“当时决不可能是一次舒服的乘车。”must表示对过去的推测只能用于肯定句。
22．B mustn’t表示“禁止”；may表示“有可能”。句子的意思是：“你不可以玩刀，可能会伤你自己。”
23．D 该题在考考生could与was able to之间的区别。Was able to表示在困难的情况下，经过一番周折而“能……”，并且成功地做了。
24．B 该题考查情态动词should表推测的用法。Can和might都可以表示可能性，用might则语气更加不肯定。Need表示“需要”、“必需”。Should可以表示推测，结合实际，合乎逻辑，意为“应当”、“该”。根据第一个说话者说的I need them tomorrow afternoon的语境，可以确定正确答案为B。
25．A 该题在考查“情态动词+不定式的完成式”的用法，从会话的语境看，空白处应填“could + have +过去分词”表示过去本来能做到的事而事实上没有做到。
26．B 该题考查表示请求的英语口语，用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表达一种意愿和请求，是以疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“请你……，好吗？”，对于这种问句的肯定答语可用Sure! Certainly! Yes, of course. I’d be glad to等；否定回答通常是I’m sorry, I can’t. No, I’m afraid I can’t. I’m sorry, but … I ‘d like to, but …等。
27．D might表示“可能性”。
28．C 意思是“我会的”。对祈使句的肯定回答。
29．B shouldn’t have done为本来不该做某事，而事实上做了。
30．D 用may not可表示“可能不”。而can not则表示断然的否定推测“不可能”。A，C意思不符。
五、情态动词与助动词
强化训练题
1. —You know that you were driving 100 km an hour, don't you?
—No officer, I ____. This car doesn't do more than 80.
A. may not have been B. couldn't have been C. mustn't have been D. shouldn't have been
2. I think he could have joined us, but he ____
A. doesn't B. did C. didn't D. couldn't
3. —Jones is in hospital.
—Oh really? I ____. ____ visit her.
A. didn't know, I'll go and B. don' t know, I' 11 go and
C. didn't know, I' m going to D. haven' t known, I' m going to
4. I ___ have written to him because he phoned me afterwards.
A. ought to B. must C. couldn't D. needn't
5. You ____ phone him if you want to, but you. He'll surely phone you.
A. may, mustn't B. have to, needn't C. might, won't D. can, needn't
6. —Why ____ it rain now? I ____ go to the concert at 7.
—What a pity!
A. can, might not B. should, needn't C. must, can't D. need, mustn't
7. —Where shall we meet tomorrow?
—Well. I ___ come to your house if you like.
A. could B. might C. should D. would
8. The line is busy. Someone ____ the telephone.
A. may be using B. may have used C. must have been using D. must be using
9. He was caught in the rain last night. That _____ his cold.
A. can bring about B. ought to bring about
C. should have brought about D. may have brought about
10. —Did you visit the famous museum?
—No, we ___, but we spent too much time shopping.
A. could have visited B. must have visited C. can' t have visited D. shouldn't have visited
11. —You must phone us every week.
—Yes, I _____.
A. must B. have to C. will D. should
12. I wonder how he ____ that to his parents.
A. dare to say B. dared say C. dares to say D. didn't dare to say
13. Don't throw the bottles away. They ____ in the future.
A. may need B. are needed C. can be needing D. might be needed
14. English is a language that many people around the world ____ not speak perfectly but ___ at least understand.
A. may, can B. would, might C. will, must D. could, might
15. —Shall I book a table for the dinner?
— _____. The restaurant won't be full this evening.
A. Yes, you may B. No, you mustn't C. No, you needn't D. No, you can't
16. —I wonder why Mr. Wang didn't attend the lecture.
—He ____ another one.
A. could have B. must have C. might have had D. should have had
17. He was taken away by the police. He ___ for a robber.
A. must be mistaken B. was being mistaken C. must mistake D. must have been mistaken
18. There are only eight photos here. I ____ twenty-two.
A. ought to have been B. ought to be C. ought to have D. ought to have had
19. —I wonder if I ____ smoke here.
—No, you. Could you see the sign "No Smoking" there?
A. can, needn't B. shall, won’t C. must, can't D. may, mustn't
20. —I haven't seen Mr. White for weeks.
—What _____ to him?
A. must have happened B. may have happened C. can have happened D. may happen
21. —I didn't go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down.
—You mine. I wasn't using it.
A. might borrow B. could have borrowed C. can have borrowed D. ought to borrow
22. —A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband.
—It ___ her husband. He has been dead for ages.
A. mustn't be B. couldn't have been C. may not have been D. mustn't have been
23. —Is there a flight to Paris this evening?
—There ___ be. I' 11 phone the airport and find it out.
A. must B. would C. might D. can
24. —Tom, would you like to our dinner party?
— ____.
A. Yes, I would B. Yes, with pleasure C. No, I can't come D. Yes, I may
25. —Shall I go and buy two more bottles of beer?
—No, I've already bought twenty. That ____ be enough for us two.
A. ought to B. will C. may D. might
26. Considering that Tom always did well in all his subjects, he ____ in the final exam.
A. mustn't fail B. couldn't have failed C. ought not to fail D. mustn't have failed
27. She ___ the hospital so soon, for she has not yet recovered.
A. wouldn't have left B. shouldn't have left C. mustn't have left D. didn't have to leave
28. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture.
A. couldn't have attended B. needn't have attended
C. mustn't have attended D. shouldn't have attended
29. They didn't want to come with us at first, but then we ____ persuade them.
A. would B. could C. were able to D. had to
30. —It is said that China will soon be a member of WTO.
—Well, it's wonderful that the Chinese people ___ have made so much progress these years.
A. must B. can C. should D. may
31. —It rained so heavily that I had no choice but to stay at home.
—Anybody in your position ____ the same.
A. does B. will do C. has done D. would have done
32. —I promise her daughter ____ get a nice present on her birthday.
—Will it be a big surprise to her?
A. should B. must C. would D. shall
33. —Will you stay here for supper, Jane?
—Sorry, I ____. My parents are waiting for me at home.
A, can't B. needn't C. mustn't D. won't
34. —What's wrong with your pen'?
—The ink ____ come out.
A. can't B. doesn't C. hasn't D. won' t
35. "Whatever you want, you _____ have it on condition that you get the best result." said the boss.
A. would B. ought to C. shall D. could
36. Tom, you are so lazy! This work ___ hours ago.
A. should finish B. must have finished C. should have been finished D. might have finished
37. He could have come to help me, but ____.
A. he didn’t B. he hadn’t C. he hadn’t D. he can’t
38. He was busy, or he ___ her more help.
A. had given B. would give C. could have given D. give
39. Jim ___ his strict father, for he has failed in the examination once again.
A. dare not to see B. not dare see C. didn’t dared to see D. didn’t dare to see
40. You ___ go out, lazy boy!
A. shall B. need C. dare D. might
历届高考题
1.“Can I leave this door open at night?” “You ____ better not.” (‘1985)
A. should B. would C. could D. had
2. Put on more clothes. You ____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. (‘1985)
A. can B. could C. would D. must
3. I thought you ___ like something to read so I have brought you some books. (‘1986)
A. may B. might C. could D. must
4. There was plenty of time. She ____. (‘1987)
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
5. The plant is dead. I ___ it more water. (‘1987)
A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given
6. It’s freezing outside. You _____ put on your overcoat. (‘1987)
A. had better to B. had better C. would better D. would better to
7. You ____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. (‘1988)
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
8. Where is my pen? I _____ it. (‘1988)
A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost
9. I didn’t hear the phone. I ___ asleep. (‘1989)
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
10. He ___ you more help, even though he was very busy. (‘1990)
A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give
11. A computer ___ think for itself; it must be told what to do. (‘1991)
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
12. --- Could I borrow your dictionary?
--- Yes, of course you ____. (‘1992)
A. might B. will C. can D. should
13. ---Shall we go skating or stay at home?
-- Which _____ do yourself? (‘1992)
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
14. Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm. (‘1993)
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
15. Peter ____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet. (‘1993)
A. must B. may C. can D. will
16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I __ for her. (‘1994)
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
17. ─ Shall I tell John about it?
─ No, you ___ . I've told him already. (‘1994)
A. needn't B. wouldn't C. mustn't D. shouldn't
18. ─There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
─ It ___ a comfortable journey. (‘1995)
A. can't be B. shouldn't be C. mustn't have been D. couldn't have been
19. It's nearly seven o'clock. Jack ___ be here at any moment. (‘1995)
A. must B. need C. should D. can
20. Johnny, you ___ play with the knife, you ___ hurt yourself. (‘1996)
A. won't; can't B. mustn't; may C. shouldn't; must D. can't; shouldn't
21. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ____ get out. (‘1997)
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
22. ─ When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
─ They _____be ready by 12:00. (‘1998)
A. can B. should C. might D. need
23. ─ I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
─ Oh, did you? You ____ with Barbara. (‘1998)
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
24. ─ Will you stay for lunch?
─ Sorry, ＿＿＿＿, My brother is coming to see me. (‘1999)
A. I mustn't B. I can't C. I needn't D. I won't
25. ─ Are you coming to Jeff's party?
─ I'm not sure . I _______ go to the concert instead. (2000)
A. must B. would C. should D. might
26. I was really anxious about you. You _______ home without a word. (2001)
A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave
27. –– Is John coming by train? (2002)
–– He should, but he ___ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
28. A left-luggage office is a place where bags _______ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will (2003)
29.-- -Write to me when you get home. (2001 北京春)
--- ____.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
30. --I hear you've got a set of valuable Australian coins. ____I have a look? (2002北京春)
--Yes, certainly.
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. Should
31. I should have been there, but I _______ not find the time. (2000上海春)
A. would B. could C. might D. should
32. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ___ your lecture. (2000上海)
A. couldn't have attended B. needn't have attended C. mustn't have attended D. shouldn't have attended
33. Mr.Bush is on time for everything. How ____ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? (2001上海春)
A. can B. should C. may D. must
34. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ____ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)
A. might B. need C. should D. would
35. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach, I ____ so much fried chicken just now. (2002上海春)
A. shouldn’t cut B. mustn’t have eaten C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
36. It has been announced that candidates ____ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected．
A．can B．will C．may D．shall (2002上海)
37. -—I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter．
—It ____ true because there was little snow there． (2002北京)
A. may not be B．won't be C．couldn't be D．mustn't be
38. —The room is so dirty. ____ we clean it? (2003北京春)
—Of course.
A．Will B．Shall C．Would D．Do
39. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared．Who ________ have taken it？ (2003上海春)
A．should B．must C．could D．would
40. How ___ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?
A. can B. must C. need D. may (2003上海)
Keys:
强化训练题
1-5 B CADD 6-10 CACDA 11-15 CBDAC 16-20 CDCDC 21-25 BBCBA 26-30 BBACC 31-35 DDADC 36-40 CACDA
高考题
1-5 DDBDD 6-10 BCDBA 11-15 ACBAB 16-20 CADCB 21-25 DBABD 26-30 BDBCB 31-35 BAACC 36-40 DCBCA
第十二章 情态动词
1. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack ______ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
2. He said he would rather not _____ it right now.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing
3. You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come
C. don’t need coming D. needn’t come
4. —May I pick a flower in the garden?
— _____.
A. No, you needn’t B. Not, please
C. No, you mustn’t D. No, you won’t
5. You’d better ______ late next time.
A. don’t B. not be C. not being D. won’t be
6. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _______ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
7. Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
8. I thought you ___ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might C. could D. must
9. There was plenty of time. She ___.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
10. The plant is dead. I ___ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given
C. must give D. should have given
11. It’s freezing outside. You _____ put on your overcoat.
A. had better to B. had better
C. would better D. would better to
12. You ______ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
13. Where is my pen? I_____ it.
A. might lose B. would have lost
C. should have lost D. must have lost
14. I didn’t hear the phone. I______ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been
C. should be D. should have been
15. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might give
C. may have given D. may give
16. A computer _____ think for itself; it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
17. —Could I borrow your dictionary?
—Yes, of course you ___.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
18. —Shall we go skating or stay at home?
—Which _____ do yourself?
A. do you rather B. would you rather
C. will you rather D. should you rather
19. Tom ought not to ___ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
20. Peter ___ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
21. —Shall I tell John about it?
—No, you _____. I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
22. —Don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
— _____.
A. I don’t B. I won’t C. I can’t D. I haven’t
23. —There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
—It ___ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be
C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
24. When he was there, he _____ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day.
A. would B. should C. had better D. might
25. Johnny, you ___ play with the knife, you ___ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may
C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
26. Your brother’s failed again. You ___ him more help in English.
A. must have given B. ought have given
C. ought to have given D. ought give
27. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
28. One ought _____ for what one hasn’t done.
A. not to be punished B. to not be punished
C. to not punished D. not be punished
29. That young man has made so much noise that he ___ not have been allowed to attend the concert.
A. could B. must C. would D. should
30. He said he ______ get tired when he played table tennis.
A. didn’t use to B. didn’t used to
C. usedn’t D. usen’t
31. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must _____ always _____ so much.
A. not; be smoking B. not; have smoked
C. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking
32. Michael _____ be a policeman, for he’s much too short.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. should D. may
33. Susan _____ written a report like this.
A. can have B. mustn’t have C. can’t have D. ought to not have
34. I wonder how he _____ that to the teacher.
A. dare to say B. dare saying C. not dare say D. dared say
35. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could
36. Sir, you _____ be sitting in this waiting room. It is for women and children only.
A. oughtn’t to B. can’t C. won’t D. needn’t
37. —Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?
—No, it ____ be him. I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
A. can’t B. must not C. won’t D. may not
38. You ____ be tired— you’ve only been worked for an hour.
A. must not B. won’t C. can’t D. may not
39. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You come, but why didn’t you?
A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have
40. I often see lights in that empty house. Do you think I ____ report it to the police?
A. should B. may C. will D. can
41. Sorry, I’m late. I have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.
A. might B. should C. can D. will
42. —I don’t mind telling you what I know.
—You ____. I’m not asking you for it.
A. mustn’t B. may not C. can’t D. needn’t
43. —Who is the girl standing over there?
—Well, if you ____ know, her name is Mabel.
A. may B. can C. must D. shall
44. I ____ pay Tracy a visit, but I’m not sure whether I will have time this Sunday.
A. should B. might C. would D. could
45. —Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to type a report.
—You ____ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.
A. shan’t B. might not C. needn’t D. shouldn’t
46. —I’ll tell Mary about her new job tomorrow.
—You ____ her last week.
A. ought to tell B. would have told
C. must tell D. should have told
47. —Excuse me. Is this the right way to the Summer Palace?
—Sorry, I am not sure. But it ____ be.
A. might B. will C. must D. can
48. Children under 12 years of age in that country ____ be under adult supervision when in a public library.
A. must B. may C. can D. need
49. “The interest ____ be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides,” declared the judge.
A. may B. should C. must D. shall
50. You might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ____ not like the design of the furniture.
A. must B. shall C. may D. need
51. A left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station.
A. should B. can C. must D. will
52. How ____ you say that you really understand the whole story if you have covered only part of the article?
A. can B. must C. need D. may
53. Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter ____ go and do the opposite.
A. may B. can C. must D. should
54. —The room is so dirty. _____ we clean it?
—Of course.
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
55. My English-Chinese dictionary has been disappeared. Who ____ have taken it?
A. should B. must C. could D. would
56. —Is John coming by train?
—He should, but he ____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
57. —I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter.
—It ____ true because there was little snow there.
A. may not be B. won’t C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t
58. It has been announced that candidates _____ remain in their seats until all papers have been collected.
A. can B. will C. may D. shall
59. —I hear you’ve got a set of valuable Australian coins. ____ I have a look?
—Yes, certainly.
A. Do B. May C. Shall D. should
60. Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten
C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat
答案与解析：
1. C。should 表示推断时，意为“应该，很可能”，语气较肯定，暗示合乎常理，指非常可能的事。nearly 暗示“时间不早了”，Jack 按理应当(should)随时(at any moment)都有可能到达这里。must 语气过强；can 一般不用于肯定推测；need 意义不通，也不用于肯定句。
2. C。would rather (not)后接动词原形，意为“宁愿(不)做……”。
3. D。needn’t do 意为“没必要做……”。句意为：“如果你有很重要的事情要做，今天下午你没必要来参加会议了。”
4. C。回答以 may 提出的请求，作肯定回答时，用 can；作否定回答时，用 mustn’t 或can’t。
5. B。had better (not) do 意为“最好(不)做……”。
6. C。“ought to / should have+过去分词”表示后悔当初该做某事却没有做。句意为：“我告诉 Sally 怎么去那儿，但也许我本该把详细地址写给她的。”
7. D。must 表示非常肯定的猜测。句意为：“穿多点，只穿一件衬衣你会感冒的。”
8. B。might 意为“可能”，不是很有把握，其余三项不符合题意。句意为：“我以为你想读点东西，所以我带了一些书给你。”
9. D。needn’t have done 意为“没必要做某事”。句意为：“还有足够的时间，她没必要匆忙。”
10. D。should have done 意为“本应该做某事却没有做”。句意为：“那棵植物死了，我本应该多浇点水的。”
11. B。had better do 意为“最好做……”。
12. C。根据句意“如果你愿意，你可以保留到下个星期”，知“你现在不需要还书”，所以用 needn’t。
13. D。must have done 意为“一定做了……”，是对过去发生的事情进行肯定推测。“我”在找笔，一定是“我”在过去把它弄丢了。
14. B。must have done 意为“一定做了……”，是对过去发生的事情进行肯定推测。句意为：“我没听到电话铃，我一定是睡着了。”
15. A。might have done 意为“有可能做……”，是对过去有可能发生的事进行推测。句意为：“尽管他很忙，他也有可能给你更多的帮助。”
16. A。can’t 意为“不能”。句意为：“计算机不能自主思考。必须要人下指令做事。”
17. C。表示自己允许别人做某事时，要用 can 或 may。本题中 could 不是过去式，而是表示委婉语气，所以只能选 C。
18. B。本题考查的是would rather 的一般疑问句形式。句意为：“我们去滑冰还是呆在家里？”“你想做什么呢？”
19. A。ought not to have done 表示“本不应该发生的事已经发生了”。句意为：“Tom 本不应该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有恶意。”
20. B。由后面 but he isn’t very sure yet 可知，是对Peter 晚上来不来的没有把握的猜测。
21. A。由 I’ve told him already(我已经告诉他了)可知，你“没有必要”再告诉他这件事了。
22. B。上句提醒的是明天的事情，所以下句要用一般将来时。I won’t 实际上是 I won’t forget to go to your birthday party tomorrow. 的省略。
23. D。“couldn’t have+过去分词”表示对过去情况的推测。既然小汽车上“已有五人”，且是“设法”才把你带去的，如此拥挤，旅途当然“不可能”舒服。
24. A。would 可以表示过去的习惯或意愿。句意为：“那时当他在那儿的时候，他每天下班后他都会去那个咖啡店。”
25. B。mustn’t(不许、千万不)表示禁止。may 表示可能性。句意为：“你千万不要玩刀子，可能会弄伤自己的”。
26. C。根据题意“你弟弟英语考试又不及格”，知你“本应该”多帮他学英语。must have done 表示对过去的事情进行肯定推测；ought to have done 表示“本应该做某事而没有做”。
27. D。根据题意“我今天早上在会议室没有看见她”，知她“不可能”在会议上发言了。couldn’t have done 意为“不可能做过某事”。
28. A。ought to 的否定形式直接在 to 前加 not，又依题意，须用被动语态，所以选 A。
29. D。根据题意“这个小伙子弄出那么多响声”，知“本不应该”让他参加这个音乐会的。shouldn’t have done 意为“本不应该做某事却做了”。
30. A。used to 意为“过去常常……”，其否定形式有两种：didn’t use to 或 usedn’t to。
31. 根据题意“如果你真的想保持健康的话”，你“本不应该”抽那么多的烟。mustn’t have done 表示“本不应该做的事情却做了”。
32. B。根据题意“他太矮了”，所以他“不可能”是警察。needn’t 意为“不需要，不必要”； can’t 意为“不可能”，表示对现在发生的事进行有把握的否定推测；should 表推测时，意为“应该”，语气较强；may 意为“有可能”。
33. C。mustn’t have done 表示“本不应该做的事情却做了”；can’t have done 表示对过去发生的事进行否定推测，意为“不可能”。句意为：“Susan 不可能写出这样的报告。”
34. A。dare既可以作情态动词，又可以作实意动词。用作情态动词时，意为“敢”，后接动词原形，通常只用于否定句或疑问句以及 if 与 whether 之后，一般不用于肯定句。用作实意动词时，意为“敢于”，后要接不定式符号 to，有时也可省略。
35. C。be able to 表示“具体某次通过努力能够做成某事”。could 是 can 的过去式，表示客观的能力。
36. 根据题意“这是给妇女和儿童专用的候车室”，知“你不应该坐在这儿”。oughtn’t to 意为“不应该”。
37. A。根据后文的“我肯定他没有戴眼镜”，知“那不可能是他”。can’t 表示有把握的否定猜测。
38. C。根据后文的“你才工作了一个小时”可知，此题选表示否定推测的can’t最恰当。
39. D。ought to have done 表示“本应该做的事却没有做”。句意为：“昨晚的聚会真的很好玩。你本应该参加的，但是你为什么没参加呢？”
40. A。should 在此表“应该”。句意为：“我经常看到那见空房子里有灯光。你认为我是否应该向警察报告？”
41. A。might have done 表示对过去发生的事进行不太有把握的肯定推测，意为“有可能”，其余三项都不符合题意。句意为：“对不起，我迟到了。我有可能把闹钟关掉，继续睡了。”
42. D。根据题意“我并没要你讲”，知needn’t(不必)符合题意。
43. C。must在此表示坚持，其意为“一定要，非得要”。
44. A。should 表猜测时，意为“很有可能、应该”，可能性较大。其余三项不符合题中的时态要求。
45. A。shall与第二、三人称连用时，表示说话人的意图、命令、恫吓、决心等。句意为：“如果你不爱护好，你就不能用。”
46. D。should have done 表示“本应该做的事却没有做”。句意为：“明天我将告诉 Mary 关于她的新工作的事。”“你本应该上个星期就说的。”
47. A。根据前文的I am not sure可知，后文应用推测语气较弱的might。
48. A。must 意为“必须”；may 意为“可能，可以”；can 意为“可以”；need 意为“需要”。比较四个选项，只有 A 最符合题意。句意为：“在那个国家，12 岁以下的孩子去公共图书馆的时候必须有大人的看管。
49. D。shall 表示规定。句意为：“根据双方签定的协议，利益应被分为五部分。”
50. C。might just as well 意为“不妨、还是……为好”。比较四个选项，只有 C 符合题意。句意为：“你不妨告诉制造商，男性顾客有可能不喜欢这件家具的样式。”
51. B。can 表示“可以”。should(应该), must(必须), will(愿意)均不符合语境。
52. A。can 在疑问句中，表示疑惑、怀疑，根据情况可译作“能、可以”等。
53. C。由Naturally(很自然地)知，“我的女儿和我唱反调”的可能性比较大。比较四个选项，只有C最符合题意。
54. B。shall 表示征求意见。
55. C。could have done 表示对过去发生的事进行推测，意为“有可能”，其他三项都不符合题意。
56. D。由“他自己喜欢开车”这一习惯推断，“他可能不会(may not)坐火车来”。can not意为“不可能”，语气太肯定。
57. C。由 because there was little snow there可知，他们“不可能”去山上滑雪。couldn’t 用于对过去发生的事情进行有把握的否定推测。
58. D。shall 表规定。在规章中告诫应考者，在收完所有试卷前“必须”留在教室里。
59. B。由答句“当然可以”知问句是在请求允许。may 表示请求对方允许，意为“我可以做……吗？”
60. C。根据句意“我现在胃不舒服”，知我刚才“不应该”吃那么多炸鸡。shouldn’t have done 表示“本不应该做的事却做了”。
情态动词练习与讲解
一、基础训练
1）单项选择
1. You ___ hand it in at once, you may hand it in tomorrow.
(A) needn't (B) may not (C) can't (D) must not
2. "That must be a mistake." "No it ___ a mistake."
(A) must not be (B) needn't be (C) cannot be (D) would not be
3. You ___ go now. It's getting late.
(A) had rather (B) would (C) had better (D) would
4. Since the bus is crowded, we ___.
(A) had better walk to home (B) have better walk home
(C) had better walk home (D) had better to walk home
5. "You ___ come in now, Mary! It's getting cold!" “I ___ go on playing in the garden."
(A) had better...had better (B) would rather...had better
(C) had better...would rather (D) had better...would have better
6. When I was a boy, I ___ chocolate.
(A) would like (B) was used to like (C) should like (D) used to like
7. I wasn't supposed to go to the movies, but I ___ myself.
(A) cannot help (B) couldn't but (C) had to help (D) couldn't help
8. Looking at my determined face, the big boy ___ pick up the fight.
(A) dares not (B) dare not (C) doesn't dare (D) dares not to
9. He began to write two hours ago. He ___ have finished the article now.
(A) must (B) ought (C) ought to (D) had to
10. You ___ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
(A) needn't to come (B) don't need come (C) don't need coming (D)needn't come
11. ___ you be here at eight o'clock tomorrow morning?
(A) Would (B) Should (C) Can (D) Could
12. ___ I have a talk with the Party Secretary now?
(A) Will (B) Did (C) May (D) Can
13. "You ___ read that article if you don’t want to.”
(A) needn't (B) mustn’t (C) haven't (D) can’t
14. When the storm comes all windows ___.
(A) ought to close (B) ought to be closing (C) ought to be closed (D) ought to closed
15. I ___ me what happened.
(A) would like you tell (B) would like you to tell
(C) would like you telling (D) would like you that you tell
16. I hope you can visit my country soon, because___ to show you some of the beautiful places near my home.
(A) I like (B) I'd like (C) I will like (D) I shall like
17. She ___ for yesterday's test, but she didn’t.
(A)should have studied (B) would study (C) might be studying (D)must have studied
18. He ___ breakfast at eight o'clock when he lived alone. But nowadays he ___ it at seven.
(A) was used to have ... is having (B) was used to having ...is having
(C) used to have ... has (D) used to having ...was
19. In the old society Grandpa Zhou ___ to work long hours a day.
(A) was working (B) was having (C) had (D) has
20. Everybody ___ in bed.
(A) has to spend some time (B) have to spend some time
(C) has to spend sometimes (D) have to spend sometimes
2) 选择合适的词或词组填空
1. I have a headache. I __________ take an aspirin.
(had better; would better)
2. He looks sleepy. He must __________ bed very late last night.
(go; have gone)
3. I want to go to the office, but you __________ with me.
(need not to go; need not go)
4. I ought __________ those books to the library last week.
(to have taken; to take)
5. The mother is telling her son, “You __________ eat with your fingers!”
(wouldn’t; mustn’t)
6. He was a good swimmer so he _______ swim to the river bank when the boat sank. (was able to; could)
7. To travel from England to Scotland you __________ a passport.
(don’t need; needn’t)
8. He went on foot, but he __________ by bus.
(ought have gone; should have gone)
9. A: Did Ken take the job in the bookstore?
B: No, but I think he __________.
(must have; should have)
10. He __________ talk for hours, if you let him.
(can; will)
11. You __________ use this toothbrush, it’s mine.
(may not; shall not)
12. No matter what people say, I __________ do as I like.
(shall; will)
13. “I’m willing to let you take whatever you like.” Means “you ______ take whatever you like.”
(shall; will)
14. A: I haven’t felt well for a week.
B: You __________ see a doctor.
(had better; should have to)
15. A: He is late, __________ he have missed the bus?
B: Yes, he must have missed the bus.
(Can; Must)
二、强化练习
1) 选择填空
1. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
2. One ought _____ for what one hasn’t done.
A. not to be punished B. to not be punished
C. to not punished D. not be punished
3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must ___ always ___ so much.
A. not; be smoking B. not; have smoked
C. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking
4. With so much work on hand, you _____ to see the game last night.
A. mustn’t go B. shouldn’t go C. couldn’t have gone D. shouldn’t have gone
5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it ______ better organized.
A. had been B. had to be C. must have been D. could have been
6. I’m surprised that he _____ in the exam.
A. should fail B. would have failed C. may have failed D. should have failed
7. The little girl _____ there alone.
A. not dare go B. dares not go C. dare not go D. dare not to go
8. “Must we do it now?” “No, you _____.”
A. won’t B. needn’t C. can’t D. don’t
9. He said he would rather not _____ it right now.
A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing
10. You _____ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do.
A. needn’t to come B. don’t need come C. don’t need coming D. needn’t come
11. Put on more clothes. You _____ be feeling cold with only a shirt on.
A. can B. could C. would D. must
12. I _____ play football than baseball.
A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer
13. I thought you _____ like something to read, so I have brought you some books.
A. may B. might C. could D. must
14. There was plenty of times. She _____.
A. mustn’t have hurried B. couldn’t have hurried
C. must not hurry D. needn’t have hurried
15. The plant is dead. I _____ it more water.
A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given
16. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
17. It’s still early, you _____.
A. mustn’t hurry B. wouldn’t hurry C. may not hurry D. don’t have to hurry
18. Please open the window, _____?
A. can’t you B. aren’t you C. do you D. will you
19. We _____ for her because she never came.
A. mustn’t have waited B. shouldn’t have waited
C. mustn’t wait D. needn’t wait
20. — May I stop here? — No, you _____.
A. mustn’t B. might not C. needn’t D. won’t
21. It’s a fine day. Let’s go fishing, _____.
A. won’t we B. will we C. don’t we D. shall we
22. I didn’t see her in the meeting room this morning. She _____ at the meeting.
A. mustn’t have spoken B. shouldn’t have spoken
C. needn’t have spoken D. couldn’t have spoken
23. — Please don’t make a noise.
— _____. I’ll be as quiet as a mouse.
A. Yes, I won’t B. No, I won’t C. No, I will D. Yes, I will
24. The young man has made so much noise that he _____ not have been allowed to attend the concert.
A. could B. must C. would D. should
25. — Where is John? — He _____ in the library.
A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been
26. Since the road is wet this morning, _____ last night.
A. it must rain B. it must be raining
C. it must have rained D. it must have been rain
27. — Will your brother stay home tonight?
— I’m not quite sure. He _____ to the cinema tonight.
A. must go B. can go C. may go D. may be going
28. She’s already two hours late. What ______ to her?
A. can have happened B. may have happened
C. should have happened D. must happen
29. You must be a writer, _____?
A. mustn’t you B. are you C. must you D. aren’t you
30. I got up early that morning, but I _____ so because I had no work to do.
A. mustn’t have done B. didn’t need to do
C. needn’t have done D. can’t have done
31. He _____ have come here yesterday, but he didn’t.
A. could B. should C. ought to D. all the above
32. I missed the last bus, so I _____ go home on foot.
A. must B. have to C. may D. had to
33. He ought to win the first prize, _____ he?
A. oughtn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D. both A and B
34. Everyone _____ do his best for the modernizations of our country.
A. can B. may C. should D. might
35. Let’s clean our classroom, _____?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
36. Let us play basketball, ______?
A. will you B. don’t we C. shall we D. do you
37. He asked me for this book many times. Please tell him that he _____ have it tomorrow.
A. must B. may C. shall D. both B and C
38. “Your phone number again? I _____ quite catch it.” “It’s 9568442.”
A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t
39. Mother _____ us stories when we were children.
A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling
40. She would rather _____ more money on books _____ on clothes.
A. cost … not B. to spare … don’t C. pay … than D. spend … than
2）强化练习题
1) You____ all those clothes! We have a washing machine to do that sort of thing.
A) needn't have washed B) shouldn't have washed
C) must not have washed D) can not have washed
2) John's score on the test is the highest in the class; he____ last night.
A) should study B) should have studied
C) must have studied D) must have to study
3) The room is in a terrible mess; it ____cleaned.
A) can't have been B) shouldn't have been
C) mustn't have been D) wouldn't have been
4) Nobody knows how people first came to these islands. They ____ from South America on rafts.
A) must have sailed B) can sail C) might have sailed D) should have sailed 5) Mary was not in her bedroom yesterday afternoon. She ____ in her classroom.
A) should have been B) must have been C) must be D) should be 6) Bob said he was going to join our club but he didn't. He ____ his mind.
A) can't have changed B) wouldn't have changed
C) must have changed D) shouldn't have changed
7) You____ to town to see the film yesterday. It will be on TV tonight.
A) needn't go B) had better not go C) should not go D) needn't have gone
8) We____ the letter yesterday, but it didn't arrive.
A) must receive B) ought to receive
C) must have received D) ought to have received
9) With all the work on hand, he____ to the cinema last night.
A) mustn't go B) shouldn't have gone C) could not go D) couldn't have gone
10) Eve was late for class again. She ____earlier.
A) should get up B) must get up C) need to get up D) should have got up
11) I am feeling sick. I____ so much chocolate.
A) needn't have eaten B) couldn't have eaten
C) mustn't have eaten D) shouldn't have eaten
12) I didn't send out my application form last week, but I ____.
A) had B) would do C) should have D) might have to
13) Walking alone in the deserted village, John was scared. He thought he____ Tom to go with him.
A) might have asked B) should asked C) must have asked D) should have asked
14) When I got to the cinema, the film had already started; I____ there earlier.
A) ought to get B) ought to have got C) must have got D) must get
15) The road was muddy. It____ last night.
A) must rained B) must have rained C) must be rained D) could have rained
16) She can speak quite fluent English. She____.
A) must been in the U.S.A. for some time
B) must have been in the U.S.A. for some time
C) should have been in the U.S.A. for some time
D) May be in the U.S.A. for some time
17) You should bear in mind that he is not so strong as he____.
A) was used to be B) used to be C) was used to D) use to
18)“We didn't see him at the exhibition yesterday.”“He ___it.”
A) mustn't visit B) can't have visited C) should have gone to see D) may see
19) Mary ____my letter, otherwise she would have replied before now.
A) should have received B) has received
C) couldn't have received D) ought to have received
20) I ____ you a valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money.
A) would have liked to give B) liked to give
C) have liked to give D) would like to give
21)“Where ____ my umbrella?”“Somebody ____ it away by mistake.”
A) is, must have taken B) is, must take
C) have been, must take D) is, takes
22) What ____ would happen if the director knew you felt that way?
A) will you suppose B) you suppose
C) do you suppose D) you would suppose
23) Two eyes ____see more than one.
A) can B) may C) will D) should
24) ____ you continue in your efforts and achieve new and greater successes.
A) Would B) Will C) May D) Should
25) We ought to help each other in our work, ____?
A) oughtn't we B) should we C) shouldn't we D) ought to we
26) Tom ____ better than to ask Dick for help.
A) shall know B) shouldn't know C) has known D) should have known
27) You ____ your tooth pulled out before it rot completely.
A) had better got B) had to get better C) had better to get D) had better get
28) When we got to the cinema, the film hasn't started yet, so we ____.
A) needn't hurry B) didn't need hurry
C) needn't to hurry D) needn't have hurried
29) It was really very dangerous; you ____ him seriously.
A) might have injured B) could injure
C) should have injured D) must injure
30) As he had heart attack, he was told that he ____ continue the work.
A) needn't B) may not C) mustn't D) can't
31) An Englishman who ____not speak Italian was once traveling in Italy.
A) must B) could C) may D) might
32) I ____like to make a suggestion.
A) could B) would C) must D) might
33) I know things are hard with you, but you ____try to get over the difficulties.
A) can B) may C) must D) ought
34 I can't find the recorder in the room. It ____ by somebody.
A) may have been taken away B) may leave
C) may take away D) must have taken away
35) He ____the 9:20 train because he didn't leave home till 9:25.
A) can reach B) could catch C) may not catch D) couldn't have caught
3) 单句改错（先判断句子是否正确，正确的句子不需改动。）
1. Ought you smoke so much?
2. If Fred didn’t leave here before five, he mustn’t be home yet.
3. I’m going home. I don’t want to but I must, because my mother asked me not to go out after dark.
4. After I’ve finished my course, I’ll can speak English fluently.
5. I can be seeing the top of the tower in this bedroom.
6. You are not able to play football in the park on Sundays, though you may do so on weekdays.
7. He can’t be working at this hour!
8. Mary Blake ought to not be home by now.
9. His luggage is still here, he must not have left.
10. I used to writing poetry myself when I was his age.
三、能力提升
1. You _____ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. may not
2. Where is my pen? I _____ it.
A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost
3. I wish I _____ you yesterday.
A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see
4. I didn’t hear the phone. I _____ asleep.
A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been
5. If my lawyer _____ here last Saturday, he _____ me from going.
A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent
C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented
6. He _____ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given B. might have C. may have given D. may give
7. If it _____ for the snow, we _____ the mountain yesterday.
A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb
C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb
8. Without electricity human life _____ quite difficult today.
A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be
9. A computer _____ think for itself, it must be told what to do.
A. can’t B. couldn’t C. may not D. might not
10. Jenny _____ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind.
A. must B. should C. need D. would
11. We _____ last night, but we went to the concert instead.
A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study
12. — Could I borrow your dictionary?
— Yes, of course you _____.
A. might B. will C. can D. should
13. Tom ought not to _____ me your secret, but he meant no harm.
A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told
14. — If he _____, he _____ that food.
— Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.
A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken
C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken
15. Peter _____ come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. will
16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _____ for her.
A. had to write it out B. must have written it out
C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out
17. I didn’t see your sister at the meeting. If she _____, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
18. — Shall I tell John about it?
— No, you _____. I’ve told him already.
A. needn’t B. wouldn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _____.
A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken
20. It’s nearly seven o’clock. Jack _____ be here at any moment.
A. must B. need C. should D. can
21.— There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.
— It _____ a comfortable journey.
A. can’t be B. shouldn’t be C. mustn’t have been D. couldn’t have been
22. Johnny, you _____ play with the knife, you _____ hurt yourself.
A. won’t; can’t B. mustn’t; may C. shouldn’t; must D. can’t; shouldn’t
23. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _____ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
24. — When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
— They _____ be ready by 12:00.
A. can B. should C. might D. need
25. — I stayed at a hotel while in New York.
— Oh, did you? You _____ with Barbara.
A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed
26. — Will you stay for lunch?
— Sorry, _____. My brother is coming to see me.
A. I mustn’t B. I can’t C. I needn’t D. I won’t
27. — Are you coming to Jeff’s party?
— I’m not sure. I _____ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
28. — Write to me when you get home.
— _____.
A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can
29. I was really anxious about you, you _____ home without a word.
A. mustn’t leave B. shouldn’t have left C. couldn’t have left D. needn’t leave
30. — Is John coming by train?
— He should, but he _____ not. He likes driving his car.
A. must B. can C. need D. may
解答部分
基础训练部分
1——5 ACCCC 6——10 DDBCD 11——15 CCACB 16——20 BACCA
1. had better 2. have gone 3. need not go 4. to have taken
5. mustn’t 6. was able to 7. don’t need 8. should have gone
9. should have 10. will 11. shall not 12. will
13. shall 14. had better 15. Can
强化练习1）选择填空部分答案解析
1. D. must表示推测时不用于否定句；shouldn’t have done sth. 表示“本不应该做某事而实际上做了”；needn’t have done sth. 表示“本来不必做某事而实际上做了”；couldn’t have done sth. 表示“不可能做过某事”。根据题意，选D。
2. A. 情态动词ought 后要接带to的不定式，ought to do 的否定式是ought not to do，所以答案是A。
3. A. must not always be doing sth. 表示“不要老是做谋事”，含有埋怨、指责、反感等感情色彩。
4. D. 题中的A项和B项都指现在情况；couldn’t have gone表示“不可能去过”；shouldn’t have gone表示“本不应该去而实际上去了”。根据题意，选D。
5. D. could have done sth. 表示“本来能够做某事而实际上未能做成”。
6. D. should可用于表示惊奇、感叹、不满等感情色彩的句子，如指过去的动作，则要用should have done sth. Would 和 may通常不带感情色彩。
7. C. 题中的dare是情态动词，后接不带to的不定式，主要用于疑问句、否定句和条件句中。
8. B. must开头的疑问句，否定答语用needn’t或don’t have to。
9. C. would rather通常也视为情态动词（组），后接动词原形，其否定形式为would rather not。
10. D. need作为情态动词，其否定形式为needn’t；作实义动词时，其否定形式为don’t (doesn’t) need to do。
11. D. must用在肯定句中表推测时，语气比could, would等肯定得多。此处“must + 不定式进行式”表“想必正在……”之意。
12. A. would rather … than …，意为“宁愿（做）……而不（做）……”。
13. B. 由句意可知，这是对过去发生的事情不太有把握的推测。
14. D. needn’t have done意为“过去不必做而做了某事”。
15. D. should have done表示“过去应该做而没有做某事”。
16. C. can’t（不能），mustn’t（不准），may not（不可以），均不合题意。
17. D. don’t have to = needn’t
18. D. will用在第二人称的疑问句中，为询问（或征求）对方的意愿或向对方提出请求之意。
19. B. should not have done表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”，“批评”之意。
20. A. may开头的疑问句，否定答语常用mustn’t。
21. D. 疑问句中shall用于第一、三人称，用来征询对方的意见。
22. D. 推测“她不可能在会上发言”，must表示推测时，不能用于否定句中。
23. B. will在此处表示“意志（向）”。
24. D. should not have done表示“过去不应该做而做了某事”，含有“后悔”、“责备”、“劝告”，“批评”之意。
25. B. must do表示对现在的事实进行推测。
26. C. must have done用于对过去发生的事情进行推测，且较有把握。
27. C. 表示推测时，must比may语气肯定。
28. A. can表推测，只用于否定句和疑问句中。
29. D. must表示推测时，其后的反意问句有两种情况：①对现存状态（现在的事实）进行推测时，反意疑问句中动词用其一般现在形式。②对过去发生的事情进行推测时，若有表过去的时间状语，反意问句用动词的过去式。
30. C. needn’t have done表示“过去不必做而做了某事”，若表示“不必做某事（且实际上未做）”则用“didn’t / don’t / doesn’t need to.”
31. D. A表示“本能够”，B, C表“本应该”。
32. D. have to表示客观上要求做某事，must表示主观上认为必须做某事。
33. D. ought to的反意问句应用oughtn’t或shouldn’t开头。
34. C. should 含“按理应该做……”、“有义务做……”之意。
35. C. Let’s 中的us一般包括对方在内。
36. A. Let us中的us一般不包括对方在内。
37. D. may和shall均可表“允诺”。
38. A. 由句后得知句意为“我开始没听清楚对方的电话号码”，为对过去的事实或发生动作的表述。
39. C. used to do“过去（常）做某事”，be used to doing“习惯于做某事”。
40. D. would rather后接动词原形。Spend … on sth.为常用结构。
强化练习2）答案
1——5 ACACB 6——10 CDDDD 11——15 DCDBB 16——20 BBCCA
21——25 ACACA 26——30 DDDAC 31——35 BBCAD
强化练习3）单句改错答案
1. (No mistake)在否定句和疑问句中，ought后面的to可省。
2. mustn’t — can’t 3. must — have to 4. can — be able to
5. be seeing — see 6. are not able to — cannot 7. (No mistake)
8. to not — not to 9. must — can 10. writing — write
能力提升答案全解
1．C 从原题中You can keep it till next week if you like这一信息句可知，“你不必现在还”。
2．D 从原题中Where is my pen?这一信息句可告诉考生，“笔丢了”，丢的动作是过去发生的。因此用must + have done表示对过去事实的肯定猜测。
3．C 原题中的yesterday这一信息词告诉考生，在wish后的宾语从句中，用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反的愿望。
4．B 从原题中的I didn’t hear the phone.这一信息可以判断出，用must have done表示过去事实的准确的肯定猜测。
5．A 从原题中last Saturday这一信息词可知，条件句中用表示与过去 事实相反的过去完成时，主句用would + have done。
6．A might have + 过去分词，在次是虚拟语气，表示“本来可以给你更多的帮助”，而事实则是帮助较少。
7．C 从原题中的yesterday这一信息词暗示考生，该句应选用与过去事实相反的过去完成时，If it had not been for … “要不是因为……”。
8．D 原题中的Without electricity相当于一个条件句：If there were no electricity,故主句用human life would be quite difficult today.
9．A can可以表示一种客观上的能力，本句can’t，表示“不能，不会”。
10．B 从原题总的“I wonder why she changed her mind”“我不知道为何他改变了主意了。”这句话告诉考生Janny没有守诺言。因此，用should + have done，表示“过去本应该做某事，而实际上没有做”。
11．C 可参看10题。意思是：“昨晚本应该学习，但是却去听音乐会了。”
12．C 原题中的could不是过去时，而表示一种委婉、客气的礼貌用语。因此用could提问时，用can回答。同样用would，might提问，用will和may回答。[注意]①— Would you rather do such a thing? — Yes, I would.
②— Would you like some tea? — Yes, I would.
这两个对话中的would rather，would like是惯用法，故不能用will来回答。因为在这两个句型中，will不能去替换would。
13．A 可参看10、15题。该句意思是：“汤姆本来不该告诉我你的秘密，但他没有伤害你的意思。”ought not to have done = shouldn’t have done
14．B 从答语中的Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately这一信息句可提示考生，条件句应填表示与过去事实相反的时态。
15．B 从原题中的but he isn’t very sure yet这一信息句可暗示考生，Peter当晚来的可能性不大。A是“准来，肯定来”，D是“将要来”。
16．C 可参看10、11、13题。“本应该”而事实上没有……
17．D 从原题中I didn’t see your sister at the meeting和后文she would have met my brother这两个信息句可知，if条件句中应填与过去事实相反的过去完成时。可参看6、7、14题。
18．A 你不必告诉他。因为I’ve told him already这一信息句已暗示考生了。
19．C 当as if引导虚拟语气的句子是，如果主句与从句中的谓语词所表达的动作同时发生时，as if后接一般过去时。例如：He walked as if he were lame.如果从句中的谓语动作发生个在主句谓语动作之前，则用过去完成时。例如：He talked as if he had known the secret.不论主句中的谓语是现在时还是过去时。
20．C 只要考生抓住nearly一词和后文at any moment（随时的意思）这两个信息词语，就能很快选出C项，表示逻辑推测，意思是“快七点钟了，杰克一会儿就该到了。”
21．D 根据句意，是对过去情况的推测。“当时决不可能是一次舒服的乘车。”must表示对过去的推测只能用于肯定句。
22．B mustn’t表示“禁止”；may表示“有可能”。句子的意思是：“你不可以玩刀，可能会伤你自己。”
23．D 该题在考考生could与was able to之间的区别。Was able to表示在困难的情况下，经过一番周折而“能……”，并且成功地做了。
24．B 该题考查情态动词should表推测的用法。Can和might都可以表示可能性，用might则语气更加不肯定。Need表示“需要”、“必需”。Should可以表示推测，结合实际，合乎逻辑，意为“应当”、“该”。根据第一个说话者说的I need them tomorrow afternoon的语境，可以确定正确答案为B。
25．A 该题在考查“情态动词+不定式的完成式”的用法，从会话的语境看，空白处应填“could + have +过去分词”表示过去本来能做到的事而事实上没有做到。
26．B 该题考查表示请求的英语口语，用will来向第二人称提问的疑问结构，是表达一种意愿和请求，是以疑问的形式来表达较为婉转的祈使语气，意思是“请你……，好吗？”，对于这种问句的肯定答语可用Sure! Certainly! Yes, of course. I’d be glad to等；否定回答通常是I’m sorry, I can’t. No, I’m afraid I can’t. I’m sorry, but … I ‘d like to, but …等。
27．D might表示“可能性”。
28．C 意思是“我会的”。对祈使句的肯定回答。
29．B shouldn’t have done为本来不该做某事，而事实上做了。
30．D 用may not可表示“可能不”。而can not则表示断然的否定推测“不可能”。A，C意思不符
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