黑篮之我是青峰大辉:英语前缀、后缀和词根

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List 5: Prefixes, Suffixes and Roots

表5:前缀、后缀和词根

A. PREFIXES  前缀 Prefix 前缀 Meaning 代表 Example 例词 a- not amoral 不道德,atypical 不典型,amorphous 无定形 ab- away from abnormal 异常,abrupt 突然,abstain 弃权 ante- before, in front of anteroom 接待室,antecedent 先行,antedate 先期 anti- against, opposite antidote 解毒剂,antipathy 反感,antiseptic 防腐剂 arch- chief, prime archbishop 大主教, archangel 天使长, archenemy 头号敌人 bene- well benefactor 恩人,benefit 效益, benevolent 仁 bi- two bisect 对开,bifocal 双光焦,bigamy 重婚 circum- around, on all sides circumvent 所有方面,circumscribe 限定、周围画线, circumnavigate 绕过、规避 con- with conversation 交谈,confound 混淆,convoy 车队 col- with collage 拼贴,collateral 附带、抵押, collapse 崩溃 cor- with correlate 相关,correspond 对应,correct 正确的 co- with co-worker 合作者, co-exist 共存, co-author 共同作者 contra- against, opposite contradict 矛盾,contraband 违禁品,contravene 违反 de- not, away from, down from descend 下降,deflate 紧缩,deviate 偏离 dis- apart, away, not distrust 不信任,disinterested 无私,disorder 混乱 ex-, e- out from, former exit 退出, excavate 挖掘,ex-governor 前州长,egress 出口 extra- outside, beyond extraordinary 非凡,extrasensory 超感觉的,extravagant 奢侈 in- into, not inhale 吸入,inept 不称职的,innocent 无辜的 im- into, not imbalance 不平衡的,immoral 不道德的, impel 促使 il- into, not illiterate 文盲,illegal 非法的,illegible 难以辨认 ir- into, not irregular 不正常的,irresponsible 不负责任的,irresolute 犹豫不决 inter- between, at intervals intersperse 点缀, intermittent 间歇性,intervene 干预 intra- within intracellular 细胞内的 mal- ill, badly, bad, wrong malfunction, 故障,malnutrition 营养不良, malevolent 恶意 mis- not, wrong, wrongly, misunderstanding 误解,misuse 误用,mistrust 不信任 non- not nonexistent 不存在,nonpaymen 不付款,nonconformist 不妥协 peri- around, about, enclosing perimeter 周长, periscope 潜望镜,periphery 周边 post- behind, after posterity 子孙 posthumous 死后,postscript 附言 pre- before, earlier, in front of preconceive 预感, premonition 前线, predict 预测 pro- forward, before propulsion 推进, prologue 开场白,project 项目 re- back, again reappear 重新出现,recapture 再次抓到,reclaim 回收 retro- backwards retrospect 回顾, retroactive 追溯,retroflex 卷舌音 se- aside, apart seclusion 隔离、隐居,secede 分裂,seduce 引诱 semi- half, partly semiannual 半年,semicircle 半圆,semiprecious 次贵重的 sub- under, below submarine 潜艇,subnormal 次正常, submerge 淹没 super- over, above, extra superimpose 额外叠加,supernatural 超自然的,superfluous 多余的 syn-, sym- together with synchronize 同步,synthesis 合成,sympathy 同情 trans- across, over, through, beyond transition 过渡,transcend 超越,transgress 违背 ultra- beyond, excessively ultraconservative 极端保守,ultramodern 现代,ultraviolet 紫外线 uni- one uniform 统一的,unicameral 一院制,unique 独特的 vice- one who takes the place of another vice-president 副总统,viceroy 总督,vice-consul 副领事 B. SUFFIXES 后缀 Noun Suffixes 名词后缀 Suffix 后缀 Meaning 代表 Example 例词 -ance, -ence act of, state of attendance 出席,precedence 优先,reliance 依赖 -ancy, -ency act of, state of hesitancy 犹豫不决,presidency 主席, consistency 一致状态 -ation state, action, institution fixation 固定, exploration 勘探,starvation 饥饿,foundation 基础,organization 组织 -dom domain, condition of freedom 自由,wisdom 智慧,kingdom 王国 -er one who painter 画家,receiver 接收器,baker 面包师 -or one who actor 演员,governor 省长,inspector 稽查 -ar one who bursar 财务主管,liar 骗子,beggar 乞丐 -eer one who profiteer 牟取暴利,racketeer 敲诈勒索,pamphleteer 小册子作者 -ist one who segragationist 种族隔离主义者,realist 现实主义者,cyclist 骑自行车者 -ess one who actress 女演员,poetess 女诗人,lioness 雌狮 -hood state of boyhood 少年时代,falsehood 谎言,manhood 男子汉气概 -ism doctrine, point of view mannerism 习气,idealism 理想主义,realism 现实主义 -ity state, quality sanity 理智, rapidity 迅速,elasticity 弹性 -ment state, quality, act of amazement 惊讶,payment 付款,embodiment 体现 -ness state of fullness 丰满,shyness 羞怯,sickness 疾病 -ocracy system of government democracy 民主,autocracy 专制,plutocracy 富豪 -ship state, condition friendship 友谊,dictatorship 独裁,membership 成员 Adjective Suffixes 形容词后缀 Suffix 后缀 Meaning 代表 Example 例词 -able, -ible capable of capable 有能力的,edible 可食用的,visible 可见的 -al like, pertaining to criminal 刑事的,practical 务实的, musical 音乐的 -ful full of, having useful 有益的,hopeful 有希望的,successful 成功的 -ish like, pertaining to foolish 愚蠢的,childish 幼稚的,selfish 自私的 -ic like, pertaining to democratic 民主的,heroic 英雄的,specific 具体的 -ive like, pertaining to active 积极的,explosive 爆炸的,sensitive 敏感的 -less without speechless 话少的,childless 无子女的,harmless 无害的 -like having the qualities of childlike 孩子般的,stringlike 似绳的,statesmanlike 政治家的 -ly having the qualities of beastly 兽性的,manly 男子气的,wordly 世俗的 -ous pertaining to, like courageous 勇敢的,ambitious 雄心勃勃的,grievous 严重的 Adverb Suffixes 副词后缀 Suffix 后缀 Meaning 代表 Example 例词 -ly in a ... manner happily 愉快的方式,strangely 奇怪的是,comically 滑稽地 -ward(s) manner and direcion of movement backward(s) 向后,earthward 回地球,homeward 回家 -wise in the manner of, as far as ... is concerned crabwise 小心翼翼,clockwise 顺时针方向,corkscrew-wise 螺旋地 education-wise 教育方面,weather-wise 天气方面 Verb Suffixes 动词后缀 Suffix 后缀 Meaning 代表 Example 例词 -en become, make deafen 使耳聋,ripen 成熟, widen 拓宽 -ify cause, make beautify 美化,diversity 多样化,simplify 简化 -ize cause, make symbolize 象征, hospitalize 住院, publicize 宣传

Roots 词根

A. LATIN 拉丁词根 Root 词根 Meaning 代表 Example 例词 agr field, farm agriculture 农业,agronomy 农学 aud hear auditorium 观众席,audience 观众 aqua water aquatic 水生的,aqueduct 渡槽 cid kill suicide 自杀,genocide 种族灭绝 celer speed, hasten accelerate 加快推进,celerity 敏捷 clud, clus close, shut seclusion 隐居,include 包括 cur, curr run incur 招致,current 目前 dict say diction 说词,contradict 矛盾 duct lead induce 引诱,abduct 绑架 fact make, do manufacture 制造,factory 工厂 flect bend inflection 拐点,deflect 偏转 frater brother fraternal 兄弟,fratricide 兄弟残杀 fund, fus pour refund 退款,effusive 热情洋溢 gress, grad go, step progress 进展,gradual 逐步 jud judgement judicial 司法判决,judicious 明智的 lect, leg read, choose collect 收集,legend 传说 loq, loc speak eloquent 雄辩,locution 惯用语 manu hand manuscript 手稿, manicure 修指甲 mar sea maritime 海洋,submarine 海底 mater mother maternal 孕产妇, matriarch 女族长 med middle intermediary 媒介的,medium 中间 min smaller, inferior diminish 缩小,minute 分钟 mort death mortician 办丧事的人,殡仪人,mortal 凡人 nom name nomenclature 命名,nominal 名义的 pater father paternal 父亲,patriotic 爱国 的 ped, pod foot pedal 脚踏,tripod 三脚架 pend hang, weigh depend 依赖,ponderous 沉闷 plic fold complicate 复杂,duplicate 复制 port carry portable 轻便携带的,import 进口 pos, pon place, put postpone 推迟,position 位置 reg, rect rule, manage direct 指导,regulate 调控 rupt break rupture 破裂,disrupt 破坏 scrib, scrip write inscribe 登记,conscription 征兵 tact, tang touch tactile 触觉的,tangible 有形 vacu empty vacuum 真空,evacuate 撤离 voca call vocal 呼叫声,invocation 调用 vora devour voracious 贪婪的,carnivorous 食肉的 GREEK 希腊词根 Root 词根 Meaning 代表 Example 例词 anthro man anthropoid 人猿,misanthrope 厌世 astro star astrology 占星术,astronaut 宇航员 auto self automatic 自动,automobile 汽车 biblio book bibliography 书目,bibliophile 藏书 bio life biology 生物学,biography 传记 chronos time chronicle 纪事,chronology 年表 demo people democrat 民主,demography 人口 geo earth geology 地质geography 地理 glot tongue polyglot 通晓数种语言, glottal 声门 gram something written telegram 电报,grammar 语法 graph write autograph 签名, biography 传记 hetero different heterogeneous 全然不同的 homo same homogeneous 同源,homosexual 同性恋 hydra water dehydrate 脱水,hydrant 消火栓 kosmo world cosmopolitan 都市,cosmonaut 宇航员 krat power democrat 民主主义者,autocrat 独裁者 logo study anthropology 人类学, chronology 年表 mega big megaphone 扩音器, megaton 百万吨级 micro small microscope 显微镜,microphone 麦克风 naut sailor astronaut 宇航员,nautical 航海 necro death necromancer 巫师 neo new neophyte 新手, neoclassical 新古典主义 neuro nerve neurology 神经学neurotic 神经 nomo knowledge, law autonomy 自主权 astronomy 天文学 patho suffering, disease pathetic 可怜的, pathology 病理 Philo love philosophy 哲学,philanthropist 慈善家 phobo fear hydrophobia 狂犬病,phobia 恐惧症 phone sound, voice phonology 音韵学,telephone 电话 photo light photography 摄影,photosynthesis 光合作用 poli city cosmopolitan 国际都会,politician 政治家 poly many polyglot 通晓数种语言,monopoly 垄断 psych of the mind psychic 精神,psychology 心理 scop examine scope 范围, telescope 望远镜 soph wise sophisticated 成熟,philosophy 哲学 tele distant telegraph 电报, telepathy 心灵感应 typ intake typical 典型, typewriter 打字机