Metro's X-ray machines are 'illegal'

2011年10月11日 02:20
来源：京华时报

字号:T|T

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深圳罗湖站地铁安检口，每天有大量的乘客需要经过这道安检口进站。《南方都市报》供图

深圳地铁罗湖站地铁安检口，每天有大量乘客经安检口进站。X光线行李安检机能造成辐射泄漏、空气中臭氧浓度提高，虽然两者数值并不高，但还是引起一些市民的不满。市民反映，深圳地铁站设置的280多台X线安检机没有经过人居环境委的批准，没有做过环境影响评估，没有办许可证，违反了国家法律法规。深圳人居环境委证实这些机器确实是违法设置。

质疑1

安检机无许可证

据深圳市轨道办介绍，深圳为举办世界大学生运动会，从今年6月28日开始，在五条地铁线路的地铁站设置了286台X线行李安检机，它们来自3个厂家，最便宜的是30万元，286台机器总价值约1.2亿元。

不过，从事医疗放射工作的李先生注意到，这些安检机均没有环保部门颁发的《辐射安全许可证》，这个证是由省、自治区、直辖市人民政府环境保护主管部门审批颁发的许可证。按照《中华人民共和国放射性污染防治法》第28条、《放射性同位素与射线装置安全和防护条例》第五条，生产、销售、使用放射性同位素和射线装置的单位，应当申领许可证。不但如此，按照原国家环境保护总局2006年公布的《放射性同位素与射线装置安全许可管理办法》第十一条规定，生产、销售、使用Ⅲ类射线装置的，申请领证单位应当填报环境影响评价文件。而地铁站所用的X光行李安检机正是属于Ⅲ类射线装置。

李先生今年7月路过地铁老街站，他看到站在那里做乘客行李安检工作的是几名大学生，他就问他们这些安检机有没有环保部门的许可证？大学生们茫然不知。李找到地铁工作人员，工作人员说，这些机器是公安局公交分局放在地铁站的，且是口头通知要求设置机器，他们依令执行。

记者上月下旬咨询深圳人居环境委员会，深圳地铁站设置的X线行李安检机全都没有广东省环境保护局颁发的《辐射安全许可证》，也没有进行过X光行李安检机对环境的影响评估，而这个评估应由人居环境委员会来进行。

质疑2

使用并不规范

由于没有通过审批，地铁站X光安检机的使用上并不规范，记者9日在科学馆地铁站了解到，深圳保安公司配备的移动式射线泄漏测量仪并没有被用起来，因为没电池了，事实上最开始的时候，保安公司发了一节电池后，就再也没有发放过。至于人员的培训和考核上，也存在不规范的地方，据在这里值班的来自武汉警官职业学院的安检员称，他们虽然经过理论和实操培训，不过并未进行过任何考核。

为什么X光线行李安检机的使用需要办许可证？X光线是一种电磁辐射形式，是对人体有害的射线。不过行李安检机上下左右都用厚实的铅制成，铅能有效阻挡X射线的穿透，行李安检通道也用铅门帘遮了起来，但是仍然存在泄漏的可能。

根据国家公布的《电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准》（GB18871-2002）规定，公众受到人工辐射剂量一年不能超过1毫希伏，因职业而被照射者，年均剂量均值不能超过20毫希伏。其中1毫希伏相当于做十次胸透拍片接受的辐射剂量。如果接受的辐射过量，致病的概率就会增加，更易出现癌症、染色体畸变以及胚胎受影响等。地铁站的X光行李安检机的辐射泄漏比较低，但仍然在国家管控的范围内。

质疑3

安检机被豁免

地铁X光行李安检机的辐射泄漏情况如何？会对环境造成什么样的影响？记者了解到，不但X光行李安检机要办理《辐射安全许可证》，环保部门还要对X光机对环境的影响进行评估，并形成书面的文件。

不过从X光机设置在地铁站开始，一直到大运会结束，深圳市人居环境委员会下属的核与辐射管理中心都没有对X光机的安全性及它对环境的影响进行评估，虽然他们早就知道了X光机的存在。上月24日，他们在接受采访时表示，他们也跟普通市民一样，是在坐地铁的时候，发现X光机的存在，事先并没有人通知他们地铁安放安检机的事情。不过在发现X光机没有许可证后，他们并没有对安检机的设置进行环境影响评估，直到9月21日记者发了采访函之后，他们也仅是到上梅林地铁站做了一次检测，检测结果是“X光行李安检机辐射水平已达到豁免水平”。

相关新闻：

Metro's X-ray machines are 'illegal'

By Xu Chi   (Shanghai Daily)

09:01, October 11, 2011

ALL 528 X-ray security inspection machines in Shanghai's Metro stations are "illegal devices" operating without radiation safety licenses, officials with the city's environmental protection bureau said yesterday.

"None of the X-ray machines in the Metro stations has gone through an environment impact assessment to get a radiation safety license as the law requires, which means they are all illegal devices in operation," said Chen Jiliang, deputy director of the radiation inspection department under the Shanghai Environmental Protection Bureau.

In response, the city's railway police said they would complete assessments to all the machines by the end of this month to ensure their safety, but they would not stop the machines operating in the meantime.

Under the law, X-ray machines need to be tested and given safety licenses before they are put into operation. The move is to prevent the risk of radiation leaks. 

Radiation experts told the Southern Metropolis Daily that without the assessments and licenses, the X-ray machines, which were meant to ensure safer journeys for Metro passengers, were posing hidden dangers of excessive radiation and emissions of ozone and nitric oxide that may affect air quality.

Environmental assessments of the machines would include an inspection of their working environment, the impact of their radiation, the training of workers and protective measurements to meet emergencies. 

The machines must go through all the assessments before they can be licensed and put into use, Chen said.

He said they had asked Metro operators to have the machines checked and licensed when the machines were first used for the World Expo which opened in May last year, but the operators refused, telling them they couldn't wait for assessment results as security measures needed to be enforced immediately. 

"It's embarrassing as we have to put the security measurements of the World Expo as the first priority, and the licenses had to be delayed," said Chen. 

But he said that all the machines in Metro stations had been inspected during the Expo and there had been no evidence of radiation leaks. 

The bureau is urging the Metro operators to have the machines licensed for safety considerations if they are to continue to use them. 

Railway police said they had already checked 245 machines and the remainder would be carried out by the end of the month. 

The police said the two producers of the X-ray machines used in the stations held radiation safety licenses in Shanghai and Beijing.

At East Nanjing Road Station, passengers expressed concern about radiation leaks after hearing the machines were operating illegally. 

"I hope the operators can give us a clear response whether the machines are illegally operating or not," said a passenger surnamed Wang. "If they prove to be illegal, I don't think I should risk my health passing my handbags through them."

But Chen said that passengers need not worry about radiation as long as they didn't put their hands into the machines. 

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