鬼泣4多少关:宋遼金书法家【苏 轼】资料库

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苏 轼（1037-1101)

《洞庭春色赋》局部

    字子瞻，号东坡居士，眉山(今属于四川)人。他和他的父亲苏洵，弟弟苏 辙以诗文称著于世，世称“三苏”。他的书法从“二王”，颜真卿，柳公权，褚遂良，徐浩，李北海，杨凝式各家吸取营养，在继承传统的基础上 努力革新。他讲自己书法时说：“作字之法，识浅见狭学不足，三者终不能尽妙，我则心目手俱得之矣。”他 讲他的书法艺术创作过程时说：“我书意造本无法，点画信手烦推求。”他重在写“意”，寄情于“信手”所书之点画。他在对书法艺术深刻理解的基础上用传统技法去进行书法艺术创造，在书法艺术创造中去丰富和发 展传统技法，不是简单机械的去模古。
    苏轼早年学“二王”，中年以后学颜真卿、杨凝式，晚年又学李北海，又广泛涉猎晋唐其他书家，形成深厚朴茂的风格。他的书法，用笔多取侧势，结体扁平稍肥。这与他握笔的姿势也很有关系，苏轼执笔为“侧卧笔”，即毛笔侧卧于虎口之间，类似于现在握钢笔的姿势，故其字右斜，扁肥。
　　黄庭坚将苏轼书法分为早、中、晚三个时期：早年姿媚、中年圆劲、晚年沉著。早期代表作为《治平帖》，笔触精到，字态妩媚。中年代表作为《黄州寒食诗帖》。此诗帖系元丰五年（1082）苏轼因为乌台诗案遭贬黄州时所写诗两首。诗句沉郁苍凉又不失旷达，书法用笔、墨色也随着诗句语境的变化而变化，跌宕起伏，气势不凡而又一气呵成，达到“心手相畅”的几近完美的境界。所以元朝鲜于枢把它称为继王羲之《兰亭序》、颜真卿《祭侄稿》之后的“天下第三行书”;。晚年代表作有行书《洞庭春色赋》、《中山松醪赋》等，此二赋以古雅胜，姿态百出而结构紧密，集中反映了苏轼书法“结体短肥”的特点。其最晚的墨迹当是《与谢民师论文帖》（1100年）。
    其代表作有《天际乌云帖》、《洞庭春色赋》、《中山松醪赋》、《寒食诗》、《醉翁亭记》等。苏轼的书法，后人赞誉颇高。最有发言权的莫过于黄庭坚，他在《山谷集》里说，“本朝善书者，自当推（苏）为第一”。

SU Shi is a great literary master in Song Dynasty who called himself "Dong Po Ju Shi". Three literary masters were born into the Su family. Both Su Shi's father, Su Xun, and brother, Su Ce, were literary masters, too. Cultivated in such a family, his calligraphy is expressively rich, beautiful, elegant and with heavenly ease. One of his other great achievements was that he had a dike built along the West Lake while he was in Hangzhou. That dike was named Su Dike in his memory. The construction was very important for water conservancy and prevention of floods, and the mythical wonder has been lying across the beautiful West Lake to this very day.

In 1057 A.D., 22 year-old Su Shi participated in a civil service examination, and impressed O Young Xiu, the official in charge, with an essay entitled "On Punishment During War." Su Shi began his political career at the age of 25. Several years later Prime Minister Wong An Shi launched a series of reforms with which Su disagreed. The forthright Su Shi finally gave up his post in the capital and asked to be transferred to Hang Zhou. The three year stay in Hung Zhou made one of the most dramatic pages in Su's life.

Beside the beautiful West Lake, Su Shi revealed without reserve his love for poetry, wine and beautiful women. He not only did extensive travelling, enjoying all the beautiful scenery of Hang Zhou, but also took a second wife named Zhao Yun, literally "Morning Cloud," who followed him loyally throughout his much frustrated life lying before him. Su Shi was a very outspoken man. Whenever he saw policies against people's will, and endangering their interests, he gave vent to his indignation through his essays and poems. That eventually led to his banishment and frequent transfer of posts. After he served his term in Hangchow, he was transferred to Mi Zhou, later to Chuchow, and after that to Fuchow, by which time he had already turned 44. Less than three months after he was transferred to Chu Zhou , he was put into prison on the charge of slandering the emperor and the prime minister. It was an unjustified literary persecution. Someone deliberately misinterpreted some of his poems. Su Shi however was not defeated. He learned to train his personality in distress. Gradually an outspoken, offensive and bold character gave way to a moderate, broadminded and mature one. When he was released about 100 days later, Su shi was a completely different person. From then on no sadness in life could defeat him, from then on no trouble in life could worry him. A man was seen walking out from the prison, reborn to life.

A much frustrated life almost always helps to make a great man. Su shi served one good example. Had it not been for a literary persecution, Su shi might not have cultivated such a broad minded attitude toward life, nor could he have come up with some of the greatest masterpieces of Chinese literature. After he was released from jail, Su was banished to Huangzhou, where he served as a deputy captain of the local militia. Forty five year old Su accepted the lowly post philosophically.

Su's five year stay in Huangchow marked the turning point of his life. The passions and arrogance of his younger days wore out gradually in remote and impoverished Huangzhou. His writing style therefore witnessed dramatic change.

Impoverished as he was, Su shi was a happy man. In casual attire he mingled joyfully with villagers and aging?? rustic people.

In 1084, Su left Huangzhou for Huzhou on the emperor's orders. It was such a long, wearing journey that his youngest son died on the way. Grief stricken, Su petitioned the emperor to let the family stay in Chang Zhou temporarily because Ruzhou was very far away and they were running out of money. His request was granted. But just as the Sus were about to go to Chang Zhou, the emperor passed away. The new emperor treated Su Dong Po with great respect. Within less than two years, Su received several promotions and finally was called back to serve in the capital. That was the climax of his political career. Unfortunately, it didn't last long. Back in the capital, Su got into constant strife while fighting for the welfare of the people. In such an unpleasant atmosphere, Su decided to leave the capital. When Su was 54, the emperor approved his transfer to Hangchow.

Sixteen years after his last stay in Hangchow, Su returned with joy. He was much welcomed by the people there. As soon as Su took his post he found his hands full dealing with natural disasters and man made calamities. One of his great achievements was to have a dike built along the West Lake. That dike was named Su Dike in his memory. The construction was very important for water conservancy and prevention of floods. Several years later, Su was called back to the capital on the order of the emperor's mother, but he was soon transferred to a post away from the capital.

The exile didn't come to an end until Emperor Gui Zhong came to the throne in 1101 and an amnesty was given? Unfortunately the poet's life also came to an end. A year later Su Dung Po died; he was 66.

Elegant Forever Su Shi--Biography

"Eastward flows the great river, whose waves have washed away gallant heroes of eternity.

"West of the old fort they say stands the red cliff where General Zhou of the Three Kingdoms won his early fame.

Jagged rocks pierce the clouds, towering waves dash on the shore, rolling up a thousand heaps of snow.

What a fair picture of rivers and mountains. How many heroes there were at that time? I think of the day when Feng Ji first married Xiao Qiao, He was so brave and bright. A plumed fan in hand and silk cap on his head, he was laughing, jesting.

A strong enemy was annihilated like smoke and dust. Traveling through the old kingdom in my dream, I should be laughed at for such sentiments. My hair turning gray at such an early age. Life is full of dreams. I pour out this wine .

Well, you probably heard of this big name. The man is Su Shi, a great literary master who called himself "Dong Po Ju Shi".

About nine hundred years ago, there lived a family, surnamed "Su," in Mei Shan, Si Chuan Province. Maybe blessed by heaven, three literary masters were born into the Su family. That made an interesting topic in Chinese literature. Both Su Shi's father, Su Xun, and brother, Su Ce, were literary masters, too.

In 1057 A.D., 22 year-old Su Shi participated in a civil service examination, and impressed O Young Xiu, the official in charge, with an essay entitled "On Punishment During War."? The senior literary master, O Young, could not help admiring young Su Shi's talent. He said "I should make way for this young man, so he can cut a brilliant figure." Su Shi began his political career at the age of 25 when his political talent started to bloom. Several years later Prime Minister Wong An Shi launched a series of reforms with which Su disagreed. The disagreement was such that they became almost incompatible. The forthright Su Shi finally gave up his post in the capital and asked to be transferred to Hang Zhou. The three year stay in Hung Zhou made one of the most dramatic pages in Su's life. He once wrote with passion.

"The lake filled with green ripples under a sunny sky, the mountain vast with hazy mist, but the West Lake which, compared to Xi Shi, is as beautiful as ever, light or heavy makeup."

Beside the beautiful West Lake, Su Shi revealed without reserve his love for poetry, wine and beautiful women. He not only did extensive travelling, enjoying all the beautiful scenery of Hang Zhou, but also took a second wife named Zhao Yun, literally "Morning Cloud," who followed him loyally throughout his much frustrated life lying before him. Su Shi was a very outspoken man. Whenever he saw policies against people's will, and endangering their interests, he gave vent to his indignation through his essays and poems. That eventually led to his banishment and frequent transfer of posts. After he served his term in Hangchow, he was transferred to Mi Zhou, later to Chuchow, and after that to Fuchow, by which time he had already turned 44. Less than three months after he was transferred to Chu Zhou , he was put into prison on the charge of slandering the emperor and the prime minister. It was an unjustified literary persecution. Someone deliberately misinterpreted some of his poems. Su Shi however was not defeated. He learned to train his personality in distress. Gradually an outspoken, offensive and bold character gave way to a moderate, broadminded and mature one. When he was released about 100 days later, Su shi was a completely different person. From then on no sadness in life could defeat him, from then on no trouble in life could worry him. A man was seen walking out from the prison, reborn to life.

A much frustrated life almost always helps to make a great man. Su shi served one good example. Had it not been for a literary persecution, Su shi might not have cultivated such a broad minded attitude toward life, nor could he have come up with some of the greatest masterpieces of Chinese literature. After he was released from jail, Su was banished to Huangzhou, where he served as a deputy captain of the local militia. Forty five year old Su accepted the lowly post philosophically.

Su's five year stay in Huangchow marked the turning point of his life. The passions and arrogance of his younger days wore out gradually in remote and impoverished Huangzhou. His writing style therefore witnessed dramatic change.

Impoverished as he was, Su shi was a happy man. In casual attire he mingled joyfully with villagers and aging?? rustic people.

In 1084, Su left Huangzhou for Huzhou on the emperor's orders. It was such a long, wearing journey that his youngest son died on the way. Grief stricken, Su petitioned the emperor to let the family stay in Chang Zhou temporarily because Ruzhou was very far away and they were running out of money. His request was granted. But just as the Sus were about to go to Chang Zhou, the emperor passed away. The new emperor treated Su Dong Po with great respect. Within less than two years, Su received several promotions and finally was called back to serve in the capital. That was the climax of his political career. Unfortunately, it didn't last long. Back in the capital, Su got into constant strife while fighting for the welfare of the people. In such an unpleasant atmosphere, Su decided to leave the capital. When Su was 54, the emperor approved his transfer to Hangchow.

Sixteen years after his last stay in Hangchow, Su returned with joy. He was much welcomed by the people there. As soon as Su took his post he found his hands full dealing with natural disasters and man made calamities. One of his great achievements was to have a dike built along the West Lake. That dike was named Su Dike in his memory. The construction was very important for water conservancy and prevention of floods. Several years later, Su was called back to the capital on the order of the emperor's mother, but he was soon transferred to a post away from the capital. The exile didn't come to an end until Emperor Gui Zhong came to the throne in 1101 and an amnesty was given? Unfortunately the poet's life also came to an end. A year later Su Dung Po died; he was 66.   作品欣赏 寒食帖[全本]
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丰乐亭记
天际乌云帖
桤木卷帖
答谢民师论文帖卷
治平帖
王晋卿帖
跋挑耳图帖
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书林逋诗后
春中帖
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覆盆帖
令子帖
邂逅帖
次辩才韵诗帖
次韵三舍人省上诗帖
次韵秦太虚
宝月帖
获见帖
啜茶帖
致季常尺牍
新岁展庆帖
人来得书帖
北游帖
致运句太博帖
廷平郭君帖
定惠院诗稿
京酒帖
满庭芳词
职事帖
阳羡帖
久留帖
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致南圭使君帖
近人帖
归园帖
宸奎阁碑
司马温公神道碑
附苏轼诗词选
苏轼书论精粹
苏过手札
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