马特·卢卡斯:[稀饭阅读]高中版:2011高考英语阅读理解强化练习(37)

   背景知识：
    
    慈善
    
    意思：慈善应是在慈悲的心理驱动下的善举。两层意思，一是慈悲的心理，二是善举.真正意义的慈善行为应是一种不附加要求的施舍。施舍本身就是一种快乐，一种满足。
    
    英文：(alms offering；almsgiving；benefaction；beneficence；benevolence；philanthropy；charitable enterprise)仁慈；富有同情心。
    
    《魏书?崔光传》：“ 光宽和慈善，不忤於物，进退沉浮，自得而已。”《警世通言?苏知县罗衫再合》：“ 徐继祖 是个慈善的人，也是天性自然感动，心内到可怜这婆婆。” 清 昭连 《啸亭杂录?孝亲》：“﹝ 孝圣宪皇后 ﹞天性慈善，屡劝上减刑罢兵，以免苍生屠戮，上无不顺从，以承欢爱。” 王西彦 《古屋》第一部二：“他发议论时，好像是个具有一副慈善心肠的人。”
    
    中国现有的《辞源》、《辞海》、《现代汉语辞典》中都没有“慈善家”的词条。前些年出版的 《中国大百科全书》中有相关的“慈善事业” 的词条，释义是：“从同情、怜悯或宗教信仰出发对贫弱者以金钱或物品相助，或者提供其他一些实际援助的社会事业……带有浓重的宗教和迷信，其目的是为了做 好事求善报；慈善者通常把慈善事业看作是一种施舍……它只是对少数人的一种暂时的、消极的救济……它的社会效果存有争议。” 而《大不列颠百科全书》“慈善基金会”条目的释义是：“ 一种民间非营利性组织，由捐赠人提供财产 文字并由它自己的职员进行管理，以其收入服务于对社会有益的目的 。”《大美百科全书》“慈善事业”条目的释义是：“ 最悠久的社会传统之一 ，它借由金钱的捐助和其他服务，来提升人类的福祉 。” 关于“慈善事业”的理念，褒贬相差如此之大！事实上，我国已有了“中华慈善总会” 之类组织，所以，看来很有必要重新定义“慈善事业”、“慈善家”等词语。
    
    外国词义的翻译：慈善是出于对人类的热爱，为了增进人类的福利所做的努力。捐款是其手段之一。
    
    拓展阅读：
    
    I love charity(慈善) shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street. The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all at very good prices. You can get things you won’t find in the shops anymore. The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies, and you are not damaging the planet, but finding a new home for unwanted goods.The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam. The famous charity’s appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful it had been flooded with donations(捐赠物). They decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal. Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK. My favourite charity shop in my hometown is the Red Cross shop, where I always find children’s books, all 10 or 20 pence each.
    
    Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers, although there is often a manager who gets paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public. Every morning you see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops, although they don’t encourage this, rather ask people to bring things in when the shop is open.
    
    The shops have very low running costs: all profits go to charity work. Charity shops raise more than ￡110 million a year, funding（资助）medical research, overseas aid, supporting sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people, and much more. What better place to spend your money? You get something special for a very good price and a good moral sense. You provide funds to a good cause and tread lightly on the environment.
    
    1. The author loves the charity shop mainly because of _______.
    
    A. its convenient location      B. its great variety of goods
    
    C. its spirit of goodwill      D. its nice shopping environment
    
    2. The first charity shop in the UK was set up to_______.
    
    A. sell cheap products      B. deal with unwanted things
    
    C. raise money for patients     D. help a foreign country
    
    3. Which of the following is TRUE about charity shops?
    
    A. The operating costs are very low.
    
    B. The staff are usually well paid.
    
    C. 90% of the donations are second-hand.
    
    D. They are open twenty-four hours a day.
    
    4. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?
    
    A. What to Buy at Charity Shops
    
    B. Charity Shop: Its Origin & Development
    
    C. Charity Shop: Where You Buy to Donate
    
    D. The Public’s Concern about Charity Shops
    
    答案
    
    1．C
    
    解析：推理判断题。由第一段第四句"The thing I like best about them is that your money is  going to a good cause”“我“最喜欢慈善商店的一点是你的钱用于有用的事业可推断出C项为正确答案。"goodwill”含义为“好意”
    
    2．D
    
    解析：事实细节题。由第二段第二、三两句"the famous charity’s appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful……” 可知第一个慈善商店的建立是为了筹钱援助战后的希腊。而从文章的第一段可知作者是英国人。因此，D项正确。C项中的"patients”未提。
    
    3. A
    
    解析：事实细节题。由第四段第一句"The shops have very low running costs”可知A项正确。"running”相当于"operating”含义为“运营”由第三段第一句中"volunteer（志愿者）"可知B项不正确。由第三段第二句可知慈善商店中90%以上的商品为公众捐赠，但并不能推出是“二手货”，故C项不正确。D项未提
    
    4. C
    
    解析：主旨大意题。本文的最后一句为主题句。由"a good moral sense (好的道德感)"和"You provide funds to a good cause（你为一项有意义的事业提供资金）"可知 C项为最好题目。"Charity Shop: Where You Buy To  Donate. （慈善商店----一个买东西就相当于捐款的地方。）