九乡新闻网顺德区建南华府营业点:初 中 英 语 教 学 大 钢
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( Daily Expressions in Communication)
1. 问候 Greetings
a. Good morning / afternoon / evening.
Hello / Hi.
How are you?
b. Fine, thank you. And you?
Very well, thank you.
2. 介绍 Introductions
a. This is Mr / Miss / Mrs. . . .
b. How do you do?
Nice / Glad to see / meet you.
c. My name is. . . I’m a student / worker etc. (here).
3. 告别 Farewells
a. I think its time for us to leave now.
b. Goodbye! ( Bye-bye! Bye!)
See you later / tomorrow. (See you. )
Good night.
4. 打电话 Making telephone calls
a. Hello! May I speak to. . . ?
b. Hold on, please.
He / She isn’t here right now.
Can I take a message for you?
c. I’m calling to tell / ask you. . . .
d. Goodbye.
5. 感谢和应答 Thanks and responses
a. Thank you (very much).
Thanks a lot.
Many thanks.
Thanks for. . . .
b. Not at all.
That’s all right.
You’re welcome.
6. 祝愿、祝贺和应答 Wishes, congratulations and responses
a. Good luck!
Best wishes to you.
Have a nice / good time.
Congratulations!
b. Thank you.
c. Happy New Year!
Merry Christmas!
Happy birthday to you.
d. The same to you.
7. 意愿 Intentions
I’m going to. . . .
I will. . . .
I’d like to. . . .
I want / hope to. . . .
8. 道歉和应答 Apologies and responses
a. I’m sorry. (Sorry. )
I’m sorry for / about. . . .
Excuse me.
b. That’s all right.
It doesn’t matter.
That’s nothing.
9. 遗憾和同情 Regrets and sympathy
What a pity!
Im sorry to hear. . . .
10. 邀请和应答 Invitations and responses
a. Will you come to. . . ?
Would you like to. . . ?
b. Yes, I’d love to. . . .
Yes, it’s very kind / nice of you.
c. I’d love to, but. . . .
11. 提供 ( 帮助等)和应答 Offers and responses
a. Can I help you?
What can I do for you?
Here, take this / my. . . .
Let me. . . for you.
Would you like some. . . ?
b. Thanks. That would be nice / fine.
Thank you for your help.
Yes, please.
c. No, thanks / thank you.
That’s very kind of you, but. . . .
12. 请求允许和应答 Asking for permission and responses
a. May I. . . ?
Can / Could I. . . ?
b. Yes / Certainly.
Yes, do please.
Of course ( you may).
That’s OK / all right.
c. I’m sorry, but. . . .
You’d better not.
13. 表示同意和不同意 Expressing agreement and disagreement
a. Certainly / Sure / Of course.
Yes, please.
Yes, I think so.
That’s true.
All right / OK.
That’s a good idea.
I agree (with you).
b. No, I don’t think so.
I’m afraid not.
I really can’t agree with you.
14. 表示肯定和不肯定 Expressing certainty and uncertainty
a. I’m sure.
I’m sure ( that). . . .
b. I’m not sure.
I’m not sure whether / if. . . .
c. Maybe / Perhaps.
15. 喜好和厌恶 Likes and dislikes
a. I like / love. . . (very much).
I like / love to. . . .
b. I don’t like ( to). . . .
I hate ( to). . . .
16. 谈论天气 Talking about the weather
a. What’s the weather like today?
How’s the weather in. . . ?
b. It’s fine / cloudy / windy / rainy, etc.
It’s rather warm / cold / hot / etc. today, isn’t it?
17. 购物 Shopping
a. What can I do for you?
May / Can I help you?
b. I want / I’d like. . . .
How much is it?
That’s too much / expensive, I’m afraid.
That’s fine. I’ll take it.
Let me have. . . kilo / box, etc.
c. How many / much do you want?
What colour / size / kind / do you want?
d. Do you have any other kind / size / colour, ect. ?
18. 问路和应答 Asking the way and responses
a. Excuse me. Where’s the men’s / ladies’ room?
Excuse me, can you tell me the way to. . . ?
How can I get to. . . ? I don’t know the way.
b. Go down this street.
Turn right / left at the first / second crossing.
It’s about. . . metres from here.
19. 问时间或日期和应答 Asking the time or date and responses
a. What day is ( it) today?
What’s the date today?
What time is it?
What’s the time, please?
b. It’s Monday / Tuesday, etc.
It’s January 10th.
It’s five o’clock / half past five / a quarter to five / five thirty, etc.
It’s time for. . . .
20. 请求 Requests
a. Can / Could you. . . for me?
Will / Would you please. . . ?
May I have. . . ?
b. Please give / pass me. . . .
Please wait ( here / a moment).
Please wait (for) your turn.
Please stand in line / line up.
Please hurry.
21. 劝告和建议 Advice and suggestions
a. You’d better. . . .
You should. . . .
You need (to). . . .
b. Shall we. . . ?
Let’s. . . .
What / How about. . . ?
22. 禁止和警告 Prohibition and warnings
a. You can’t / mustn’t. . . .
If you. . . , you’ll. . . .
b. Take care!
Be careful!
23. 表示感情 Expressing certain emotions
a. 喜悦 Pleasure, joy
I’m glad / pleased / happy to. . . .
That’s nice.
That’s wonderful / great.
b. 焦虑 Anxiety
What’s wrong?
What’s the matter (with you)?
I’m / He’s / She’s worried. Oh, what shall I / we do?
c. 惊奇 Surprise
Really?
Oh, dear!
Is that so?
24. 就餐 Taking meals
a. What would you like to have?
Would you like something to eat / drink?
b. I’d like. . . .
Would you like some more. . . ?
Help yourself to some. . . .
c. Thank you. I’ve had enough. / Just a little, please.
25. 约会 Making appointments
a. Are you free this afternoon / evening?
How about tomorrow morning / afternoon / evening?
Shall we meet at 4:30 at. . . ?
b. Yes, that’s all right.
Yes, I’ll be free then.
c. No, I won’t be free then. But I’ll be free. . . .
d. All right. See you then.
26. 传递信息 Passing on a message
a. Will you please give this note / message to. . . ?
b. . . . asked me to give you this note.
c. Thanks for the message.
27. 看病 Seeing the doctor
a. There’s something wrong with. . . .
I’ve got a cough.
I feel terrible (bad).
I don’t feel well.
I’ve got a pain here.
This place hurts.
b. Take this medicine three times a day.
It’s nothing serious.
You’ll be all right / well soon.
28. 求助 Calling for help
a. Help!
b. What’s the matter?
29. 处理交际中的障碍 Language difficulties
Pardon.
Please say that again / more slowly.
What do you mean by. . . ?
I’m sorry I can’t follow you.
I’m sorry I know only a little English.
30. 常见的标志和说明 Some common signs and instructions
BUSINESS HOURS FRAGILE
OFFICE HOURS THIS SIDE UP
OPEN MENU
CLOSED NO SMOKING
PULL NO PARKING
PUSH NO PHOTOS
ON DANGER!
OFF PLAY
ENTRANCE STOP
EXIT PAUSE
INSTRUCTIONS
语 法 项 目 表
( 加“＊”号的项目只要求理解)
1. 词类：1)名词 2)形容词 3)副词 4)动词 5)代词 6)冠词 7)数词 8)介词 9)连词 10)感叹词
＊2. 构词法：
1)合成法 classroom, something, reading-room
2)派生法 worker, drawing, quickly, careful, kindness,
cloudy, unhappy
3)转化法 hand (n. )—hand (v. )
dry ( adj. )—dry ( v. )
3. 名词
1)可数名词和不可数名词
2)名词的复数
3)专有名词
4)所有格
4. 代词
1)人称代词的主格和宾格形式
2)物主代词的形容词与名词性形式
3)反身代词 myself, himself, ourselves, etc.
4)指示代词 this, that, these, those
5)不定代词 some, any, no, etc.
6)疑问代词 what, who, whose, which, etc.
5. 数词 基数词和序数词
6. 介词 词汇表中所列介词的基本用法
7. 连词 词汇表中所列连词的基本用法
8. 形容词
1)作定语、表语、宾语补足语的基本用法
2)比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)的基本用法
( 1)构成 -er, -est; more, the most
( 2)基本句型
as＋原级形式＋as. . .
not as ( so)＋原级形式＋as. . .
比较级形式＋than. . .
the＋最高级形式＋. . . in ( of). . .
9. 副词
1)表示时间、地点、方式、程度等的基本用法
2)疑问副词when, where, how
3)比较等级 ( 原级、比较级、最高级)
( 1)构成 -er, -est; more, the most
( 2)基本句型
as＋原级形式＋as. . .
not as ( so)＋原级形式＋as. . .
比较级形式＋than. . .
the＋最高级形式＋. . . in ( of). . .
＊10. 冠词 一般用法
11. 动词
＊1)动词种类
( 1)行为动词或实义动词
1及物动词
2不及物动词
( 2)连系动词 be, look, turn, get, become, etc.
( 3)助动词 be, do, have, shall, will, etc.
( 4)情态动词 can, may, must, need, etc.
2)时态
( 1)一般现在时
I get up at six o’clock every morning.
He doesn’t speak Russian.
They are very busy.
The moon moves round the earth.
When you see him, tell him to come to my place.
I’ll go to see you tonight if I’m free.
( 2)一般过去时
I was in Grade One last year.
I got up at five yesterday.
( 3)一般将来时
1. shall ( will)＋动词原形
I shall ( will) go to your school tomorrow afternoon.
She will be here tomorrow.
2. be going to＋动词原形
I’m going to help him.
( 4)现在进行时
We’re reading the text now.
They’re waiting for a bus.
( 5)现在完成时
I have already posted the letter.
They have lived here for ten years.
＊ ( 6)过去进行时
We were having a meeting this time yesterday.
The teacher was talking to some parents when I saw her.
＊ ( 7)过去完成时
We had learned four English songs by the end of last year.
The film had already begun when I got to the cinema.
She said that she had not heard from him since he left
＊ ( 8)过去将来时
He said he would go to the cinema that evening.
Betty said she was going to visit her uncle next Sunday.
3)被动语态
( 1)一般现在时的被动语态
English is taught in that school.
( 2)一般过去时的被动语态
The song was written by that worker.
( 3)一般现在时带情态动词的被动语态
She must be sent to hospital at once.
4)动词不定式
＊ ( 1)作主语
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
It is not easy to learn a foreign language.
( 2)作宾语
They began to read.
( 3)作宾语补足语
Jim asked me to help him with his lessons.
We often heard her sing.
＊ ( 4)作定语
I have an important meeting to attend.
( 5)作状语
She went to see her grandma yesterday.
( 6)用在how, when, where, what, which等之后
I don’t know how to use a computer.
Do you know when to start?
He didn’t know what to do next.
12. 句子种类
1)陈述句 ( 肯定式和否定式)
2)疑问句 ( 一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句)
3)祈使句 ( 肯定式和否定式)
＊4)感叹句
＊13. 句子成份
1)主语
Betty likes her new bike.
He gets up early every day.
To learn a foreign language is not easy.
2)谓语
We work hard.
The boy caught a bird.
He is my brother.
They all look fine.
3)表语
Her sister is a nurse.
It’s me.
I’m ready.
He got angry.
We were at home last night.
His cup is broken.
4)宾语
Tom bought a story-book.
I saw him yesterday.
He wanted to have a cup of tea.
5)直接宾语和间接宾语
He gave me some ink.
Our teacher told us an interesting story.
6)宾语补足语
Call her Xiao Li.
You must keep the room clean.
John asked me to help him.
7)定语
This is a green jeep.
This is an apple tree.
Are these students your classmates?
Winter is the coldest season of the year.
I have something to tell you.
8)状语
You are quite right.
She will arrive in Beijing on Monday.
He stopped to have a look.
14. 简单句的五种基本句型
第一种 主语＋连系动词＋表语 ( S＋V＋P)
The bike is new.
The map is on the wall.
第二种 主语＋不及物动词 ( S＋V)
He swims.
第三种 主语＋及物动词＋宾语 ( S＋V＋O)
Children often sing this song.
第四种 主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ( S＋V＋IO＋DO)
She showed her friends all her pictures.
第五种 主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语 ( S＋V＋O＋C)
We keep our classroom clean and tidy.
15. 并列句
He likes maths, but he needs help.
I help him and he helps me.
16. 复合句
1)宾语从句
He said ( that) he felt sick.
I don’t know whether ( if) she still works in the factory.
I take back what I said.
I can’t tell who is there.
Can you tell me where the Summer Palace is?
2)状语从句
The train had left when I got to the station.
I’ll go with you to the cinema this afternoon if I’m free.
The students went to the farm because the farmers needed some help.
The earth is bigger than the moon.
He was so tired that he couldn’t walk on.
＊ Jack worked hard so that he might get a good job.
Doctor Wang went to the hospital though it rained heavily.
＊3)定语从句
Find the girl who is wearing a red skirt.
Show me the picture that you like best.
Colour the birds which ( that) are flying.