九乡新闻网非典是怎么样治好的:美国小学生行为规范55条
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美国小学生行为规范55条
2010-02-11 19:15:07| 分类： 教育 | 标签： |字号大中小 订阅
非常具体，注重细节，可操作性很强！建议再看看后面的E文原文，翻译的精简掉了很多——，Rule29原文中对餐桌礼仪特别详细。
《优秀是教出来的》的作者隆·克拉克老师年仅28岁，是全美最佳教师奖得主，是唯一被美国总统接见过三次的小学老师。他执教的学生都来自美国最贫困的家庭，学校的资源也不丰富，但是克拉克老师却硬是让这些学生成为“金凤凰”，硬是一次次地让自己所带的班级成为优秀班级。
克拉克老师先后执教过两所小学。第一所位于北卡罗来纳州偏僻的乡下，这所学校教学资源缺乏，学生学习状况与其他学校相比，普遍处于弱势。但他却把这一班的学生教到全国知名，并且让他们在圣诞节前夕，获邀前往白宫做客，与总统会面。
第二所小学位于纽约市最贫穷的哈林区。这所学校被许多老师称为“烫手的山芋”，大家都唯恐避之不及，可是克拉克老师却主动申请前去执教。结果两年后，他班上的学生，居然纷纷考上纽约市最难考的明星初中。
这是为什么呢?答案就见于克拉克老师对教育的热情以及其制订的培养学生综合习惯的55条班规了。这一套班规，不但有效地维持了班级秩序，更重要的是为学生的未来做好了准备，帮助他们形成了有利于生活、学习与事业的各种优势态度与能力。
克拉克老师制订的班规分为好几个部分。比如，生活中的永恒“班规”、学习中的行为模式等。
例如班规第1条，“遇到大人要主动问候打招呼。大人问话时，一定要回答清楚，不要光是点头摇头，也不要含糊其辞。”第2条，“当别人在讲话时，你的眼睛要一直看着他。”这些规定，都可以培养学生尊重他人的态度与习惯。
在这些班规的指导下，克拉克的学生即便去学校的餐厅进餐，在点菜时都会注意看着餐厅员工的眼睛，说：“麻烦您给一点这个”，并且经常把“谢谢”、“打扰了”、“麻烦您”等礼貌用语挂在嘴边上。这些良好的语言习惯，使得餐厅员工总是打心眼儿里称赞这群学生为“多么令人开心的好学生”。
后来，克拉克老师班上有12名学生报考纽约市的明星初中。这是一所吸引全纽约各类优秀学生的学校，但是却只提供了30个新生入学名额，结果克拉克老师的12名学生全部被录取了。
事后，克拉克老师才知道，原来是因为口试时，学生们都表现出了自己“彬彬有礼”的态度。这样良好的个人习惯让评选委员们大加赞赏与肯定。
班规第37条，“如果有人撞到你，即使不是你的错，也要说声对不起”。有一次学生们搭飞机从纽约前往洛杉矾，有位女士专门找到在机场外等候学生的克拉克老师，称赞道：“你的学生经过我头等舱的座位时，不小心碰到我的手臂，都会转头说对不起，真的非常有礼貌!你真是位了不起的老师。”
克拉克认为，一个小小的碰撞，都有可能导致第三次世界大战。这条班规就是为了化解这种没必要的争端而制订的。年轻人，尤其是小学生血气方刚，常常会因为不小心的碰撞而引起暴力事件。这都是因为双方没有养成良好的礼貌习惯所致。因此，在制订班规时，极有必要作一些化解纷争的限制性规定。
“良好习惯的建立，是一切成功的保证。”克拉克老师的55条班规中所谈到的日常生活中的基本规范，虽然常被我们忽略，但却是生活中最重要的一环。
此外，克拉克老师的55条班规中还规定，“改同学试卷时要特别谨慎”，“全班一起念课文时，要看着正念的一字一句”，“以完整的句子回答所有的问题”，“每天都要做完作业”，“换科目的时候，动作要快，要安静，要守秩序”，“老师在指定作业的时候，不要叫苦”，“别的老师来代课，也要守班规”，“课堂上发言，要起身，应该讲规矩”，“不可以上课上一半，起身去倒水”等培养学生良好习惯的规定。
克拉克老师进入北卡州那所学校时，这个班级非常混乱，学生们因为贪玩，总是不能按时完成作业。而且老师布置作业的时候，即便只留几道题，他们都会叫苦连天，认为负担太重。
于是，克拉克老师就把“每天都要做完作业”与“老师在指定作业的时候，不要叫苦”这两条班规放在醒目位置，并且不时地提醒学生。
时间一长，学生们就渐渐地习惯了，不再为作业发牢骚。以后每次老师布置作业时，他们都会安静地记录，并且当天完成所有作业。即便离开克拉克老师，他们也都一直保持这个良好的学习习惯。
关于美国小学生行为规范55条
1．与大人应对，要有礼貌，有分寸。
2.与人互动，眼睛要看着对方的眼睛。
3.别人有好表现，要替他高兴。
4.尊重别人的发言与想法。
5.自己有什么好表现，不要炫耀，输给别人也不要生气。
6.如果别人问你问题，你也要回问他问题。
7.打喷嚏、咳嗽都要说对不起。
8.不可以有不礼貌的小动作。
9.别人送你任何东西，都要说谢谢。
10.接到奖品和礼物，不可以嫌弃。
11.用小小的贴心，为别人制造惊喜。
12.改同学考卷时要谨慎。
13.全班一起念课文时，要看着正在念的一字一句。
14.以完整的句子回答所有的问题。
15.不要主动讨奖品。
16.每天都要做完作业。
17.换科目的时候，动作要快，要安静，要守秩序。
18.做什么事都要有条理。
19.老师在指定作业的时候，不要叫苦。
20.别的老师来代课，也要守班规。
21.课堂上发言或起身，应该讲规矩。
22.不可以上课上一半，起身去倒水。
23.见到每个老师，都要说某某老师好。
24.注意洗手间的卫生，把身边的病源减到最少。
25.让客人有宾至如归的感觉。
26.不要帮同学占位子。
27.同学受罚的时候，不要看着他。
28.对作业有问题，可以打电话来我家，我没接的话，你可以留言，但只要留一次就够了。
29.遵守用餐的基本礼仪。
30.吃完饭，自己的垃圾自己处理。
31.接受别人的服务要惜福、感恩。
32.坐校车或公车，都要坐好，别打扰到司机，并记得说谢谢。
33.认识新朋友，要记住对方的名字，道别时记得称呼对方。
34.吃自助餐或有人请客时，取菜不可以贪多。
35.别人掉东西，请弯身去帮他捡。
36.进门时，如果后面还有人，请帮他扶住门。
37.别人碰撞到你，不管你有没有错，都要说对不起。
38.进行校外教学时，无论是到哪一个公共场所，都要安安静静。
39.去参观别人的地方，要不吝于赞美。
40.全校师生开会的时候，不要讲话，要自爱自重。
41.接电话时的应答要得体。
42.一趟校外教学结束，要感恩及谢谢所有随行的老师和家长。
43.搭乘电扶梯时，要站右边，让赶时间的人可由左边先行。
44.列队行进时不要说话。
45.不可以插队；但看到别人插队不要大呼小叫，让老师知道就好。
46.看电影时不可以说话或干扰到别人。
47.不可以带「多力多滋」来学校（制定属于自己的班规）。
48.有谁找你麻烦，让老师知道，不要私自处理。
49.捍卫自己的理想，不因别人否定而退缩。
50.要乐观、积极地去享受人生。
51.别让将来有遗憾，想做什么就竭尽所能去实现。
52.从错误中学习，并继续向前迈进。
53.不管什么情况，一定要诚实，做错事就坦白承认。
54.把握今天，不要浪费它。
55.在你的能力范围内，做最棒、最棒的人。
原文
“The Essential 55”
by Ron Clark
Rule 1
When responding to any adult, you must answer by saying
“Yes ma’am” or “No sir.” Just nodding your head or saying
any other form of yes or no is not acceptable.
Rule 2
Make eye contact. When someone is speaking, keep your
eyes on him or her at all times. If someone makes a
comment, turn and face that person.
Rule 3
If someone in the class wins a game or does something well,
we will congratulate that person. Claps should be at least
three seconds in length with the full part of both hands
meeting in a manner that will give the appropriate clap
volume.
Rule 4
During discussions, respect other students’ comments,
opinions, and ideas. When possible, make statements like, “I
agree with John, and I also feel that…” or “I disagree with
Sarah. She made a good point I feel that…” or “I think Victor
made an excellent observation, and it made me realize…”
Rule 5
If you win or do well at something, do not brag. If you lose, do
not show anger. Instead, say something like, “I really enjoyed
the competition, and I look forward to playing you again,” or
“good game,” or don’t say anything at all. To show anger or
sarcasm, such as “I wasn’t playing hard anyway” or “You
really aren’t that good,” shows weakness.
Rule 6
If you are asked a question in conversation, you should ask a
question in return.
Me: “Did you have a nice weekend?”
You: “Yes, I had a great time. My family and I went shopping.
What about you? Did you have a nice weekend?”
It is on
them as they are in you.
Rule 7
“When you cough or sneeze or burp, it is appropriate to turn
your head away from others and cover your mouth with the
full part of your hand. Using a fist is not acceptable.
Afterward, you should say, “Excuse me.”
Rule 8
“Do not smack your lips, tsk, roll your eyes, or show
disrespect with gestures.”
Rule 9
“Always say thank you when I give you something. If you do
not say it within 3 seconds after receiving the item, I will take it
back. There is no excuse for not showing appreciation.”
Rule 10
“When you are given something from someone, never insult
that person by making negative comments about the gift or by
insinuating that it wasn’t appreciated”
Rule 11
“Surprise others by performing random acts of kindness. Go
our of your way to do something surprisingly kind and
generous for someone at least on
Rule 12
“Occasionally we may grade each other’s papers as a group.
When grading other students’ papers, if you give someone an
incorrect grade, whether it is higher or lower than they
deserve, the amount the grade differs from the actual grade
will be deducted from your paper. The on
allowed to make on others’ papers are an “X” and the number
they got incorrect.”
Rule 13
“When we read together in class, you must follow along. If I
call on you to read, you must know exactly where we are and
begin to read immediately”
Rule 14
“Answer all questions with a complete sentence. For
example, if the question asks, “What is the capital of Russia?”
you should respond by writing, “The capital of Russia is
Moscow.” Also, in conversation with others, it is imp
use complete sentences out of respect for the person’s
question. For example, if a person asks, “How are you?”
instead of just responding by saying, “Fine,” you should say,
“I’m doing fine, thank you. How about yourself?”
Rule 15
“At times throughout the year, I will give rewards for good
beha
praise. If you ever ask me for a reward, however, it will not be
given. It is rude to ask if you are getting something for good
beha
are trying to better yourself, not because you are anticipating
a reward. I usually give some sort of reward to everyone who
scores 100 on unit tests. If you make 100 and ask if you are
getting something, no on
anything.”
Rule 16
“Homework will be turned in each day for each subject by
every student with no exceptions.”
Rule 17
“When we are in transition from on
change will be swift, quiet and orderly. We should be
consistently able to turn from on
with all homework and necessary materials, as quickly as
possible. The opportune amount of time to spend in transition
should be less than ten seconds, and we will work toward a
goal of seven seconds.”
Rule 18
“You will make every effort to be as organized as possible.”
Rule 19
“When I assign homework, there is to be no moaning or
complaining. This will result in a doubled assignment.”
Rule 20
“While you are with a substitute teacher, you will obey the
same rules that you follow when I am with you. (I know this is
hard, but it is imp
Rule 21
“We will follow certain classroom protocols. We will be
organized, efficient, and on task. In order to do so, we will
follow these rules:
1. Do not get out of your seat without permission. Exception:
If you are sick, leave immediately.
2. Do not speak unless:
You raise your hand, and I call on you.
I ask you a question and you are responding.
It is a recess of lunch.
I instruct you otherwise (for example, during group work).”
Rule 22
“You may bring a bottle of water and leave it on your desk. Do
not ask me f you can get water while I am teaching a lesson.
You can even have food at your desk as long as others don’t
see it and I don’t hear you eat it.”
Rule 23
"Quickly learn the name of other teachers in the
school and greet them by saying things like, "Good
morning Mrs. Graham," or "Good afternoon Ms. Ortiz.
That is a very pretty dress." (Note: If you are in
line with the rest of class, you are not allowed to
speak to the teachers at that time because the
no-talking rule is in effect. You should speak to
other teachers if you are entering or leaving the
school, on recess, on an errand, or changing classes.)
Rule 24
"Flush the toilet and wash your hands after using the rest
room. When in a public rest room, get a paper towel before
washing your hands. After washing your hands, use the paper
towel to turn off the faucets and to press the dispenser to get
another paper towel to dry your hands. (Or use the towel to
press the button to start the dryer.) The last thing you want to
do is touch areas with clean hands that others have touched
with dirty hands."
Rule 25
"We will often have visitors to our school. If someone is
coming to visit our class, I will send two students to the front
door of the building. You will have a sign welcoming the
person. When our visitor arrives, you will shake hands, tell
him or her who you are, and welcome the person to our
school. You will then take the visitor on a small tour of the
building before bringing him or her to the classroom."
Rule 26
“Do not save seats in the lunchroom. If someone wants to sit
down, let him or her. Do not try to exclude anyone. We are a
family, and we must treat on
kindness.”
Rule 27
“If I or any other teacher in school is speaking to or
disciplining a student, do not look at that student. You
wouldn’t want others looking at you if you were in trouble or
being reprimanded, so don’t look at others in that situation. If
you are the student I am talking to, do not get angry or fuss at
students who are looking at you. Let me know and I will
handle the situation.”
Rule 28
"If you have a question about your homework, you may call
me. If I am not there to answer the phone, please leave a
message in the following manner: "Hi, Mr. Clark, this is
_______________. I need help with the _______________
homework. You can call me back until ___:00. Thank you."
There is no need to leave this message fourteen times."
Rule 29
“There are several manners dealing with food that you must
follow: I call these my ABC’s of Etiquette.
A. When you first sit down for a meal, immediately place you
napkin in your lap. If you silverware is wrapped in a napkin,
unwrap it as soon as you sit down and place the napkin in
your lap.
B. When you are finished eating, place you napkin on the table
to the left of your plate. Place it loosely beside the plate. Don’t
crumple it, because you don’t want to seem untidy. Don’t fold
it too neatly, because you don’t want the restaurant to think
you assume they are going to use it again. Never leave your
napkin on your chair. This implies that the napkin is too dirty
to be left on the table. Also, in some cultures, leaving the
napkin on the chair is known as a way to say that you don’t
intend to return to the restaurant again.
C. Never place you elbows on the table.
D. Use on
Never have your fork in on
E. Do not lick your fingers. There is a napkin provided for the
purpose of cleaning your fingers. There is no need to lick
yourself clean.
F. Do not smack you lips or chew noisily.
G. Do not chew with your mouth open.
H. Do not talk with your mouth full. Sometimes people will place
a hand over their mouth and talk anyway. Don’t do that. Wait
until you have swallowed your food to speak.
I. If something is caught in your teeth, don’t go in after it; wait
until you are in the rest room to remove it.
J. D not slurp.
K. Do not play with your food.
L. If you drop your fork, napkin, or anything else on the floor, DO
NOT pick it up. It is very rude and unsanitary to place
something on the table that has been on the floor. If you pick
up something that has dropped and hand it to a waiter, then
you will need to excuse yourself and wash your hands before
continuing with your meal. The best way to handle a situation
when something has dropped on the floor is to ask a waiter for
a replacement; leave the old on
M. You are to use your utensils for eating almost everything.
Here are ten types of food you may use your hands to eat:
1. Pizza
2. Bacon
3. Cookies
4. Bread (Always tear off a bite-sized piece to eat. If you
are going to use butter, never butter the whole piece of bread;
butter the piece you tore off, and eat that before tearing
another piece.)
5. Corn on the cob (It is appropriate to eat across instead
of eating around.)
6. Hot dogs, hamburgers, and sandwiches (including
breakfast biscuits)
7. French fries and chips
8. Fried chicken
9. Asparagus (yes, asparagus)
10. Small fruits (like grapes on a stem), apples, oranges,
carrots, etc.
N. Never reach over someone’s plate to get something. You
should say, “Will you please pass the salt?”
O. Never start eating off of your tray until you are at your seat.
P. When we are eating at a restaurant, you are not to begin
eating until everyone at the table has received food.
Q. You should never complain if the line is too long, the food isn’t
good, or if there is a wait. You don’t want to be negative to the
point where you spoil the enjoyment of the event for others.
R. If you are unsure which silverware to use, simply start with the
fork, knife or spoon that is the farthest from your plate. On the
left, you will have your salad fork on the outside and your
dinner fork on the inside. On the far right, you will have your
soupspoon. Beside it you will have the spoon you will use to
stir your coffee or tea, then your salad knife, and then your
dinner knife. The utensils above your plate are to be used for
dessert.
S. When you are finished eating, do not push your plate away
from you. Leave it where it is in the setting. If you want to
show you have finished eating, you should lay your fork and
knife together diagonally across the plate. You should place
the fork with the tines down, and you should have the sharp
side of the knife facing down. Of the two utensils, the fork
should be closest to you.
T. Never place a piece of silverware that you have used back on
the table. Leave it on a plate or saucer.
U. If you didn’t use a utensil, do not place it on a plate or saucer
when you are finished. Just leave it where it is.
V. Always look a waiter in the eyes when you are ordering,
asking a question, or saying thank you.
W. Make a point to remember the waiter’s name when he
introduces himself to you. Use his name as often as possible
throughout the course of the meal.
X. If you have to go to the rest room, you should stand up and
say, “Excuse me,” as you leave the table.
Y. When you are offered desserts or asked a question such as
“What sides would you like?” or “What dressing would you like
for your salad?” it is best to ask, “What are my options?” That
way, you aren’t going through a process of naming things the
restaurant might not have.
Z. Never talk to waiters or waitresses as if they are servants.
Treat them with respect and kindness, and remember, they
are the on
not want to be on the bad side of a waiter.”
Rule 30
“After we eat, we will clean up after ourselves. This includes
cleaning off the tables and making sure we haven’t left any
trash on the floor or around the eating area. It is imp
be responsible for your trash no matter where you are and to
be sure not to litter.”
Rule 31
"When we stay in a hotel room, it is appropriate to leave a tip
on the pillow for the hotel workers who are responsible for
cleaning the room after our stay. Two to three dollars per night
is an appropriate amount, depending on the cost of the room."
Rule 32
“When we ride on a bus, we will always sit facing forward. We
will never turn around to talk to other students, stick anything
out of the windows, or get out of our seats. When we exit the
bus, we will always thank the bus driver and tell him to have a
good day.”
Rule 33
"When we go on field trips, we will meet different people.
When I introduce you to people, make sure that you
remember their names. Then, when we are leaving, make
sure to shake their hands and thank them, mentioning their
names as you do so."
Rule 34
"Whenever you are offered food, whether it be on a buffet or
treats in class, never take more than your fair share. You
never want to be greedy and try to get more than you should,
not on
disrespectful to others when you do not leave enough for
them."
Rule 35
"Whether we are in school or on a field trip, if someone drops
something, pick it up and hand it back to them. Even if they
are closer to the object, it is on
bending down to retrieve the item."
Rule 36
“If you approach a door and someone is following you, hold
the door. If the door opens by pulling, pull it open, stand to the
side, and allow the other person to pass through it first, then
you can walk through. If the door opens by pushing, hold the
door open after you push through."
Rule 37
"If we are on a field trip, it is a good idea to compliment
something about the place where you are visiting. For
example, if we visit someone's home, it would be a nice
gesture to tell them that you think they have nice curtains.
People are always self-conscious when they have guests visit
their home, so you want to make them feel at ease. Also, if we
are visiting other places, such as a museum or theater, it
would be nice to comment on how beautiful the architecture is
or to tell the guide that you think the facility is very nice."
Rule 38
"During an assembly do not speak and do not look around
and try to get the attention of your friends in other classes. We
must uphold an image that shows we have our act together."
Rule 39
“If we are on a field trip, it is a good idea to compliment
something about the place where we are visiting. For
example, if we visit someone’s home, it would be a nice
gesture to tell them that you think they have nice curtains.
People are always self-conscious when they have guests visit
their home, so you want to make them feel at ease. Also, if we
are visiting other places, such as a museum or theater, it
would be nice to comment on how beautiful the architecture is
or to tell the guide that you think the facility is very nice.”
Rule 40
“During an assembly, do not speak and DO NOT look around
and try to get the attention of your friends in other classes. We
must uphold an image that shows we have out act together!”
Rule 41
“When you answer the phone at your house, you must do so
in an appropriate manner.”
Rule 42
“When we return from a trip, you will shake my hand as well
as the hands of every chaperone. You will thank us for taking
the time to take you on the trip, and you will let us know that
you appreciate having the opportunity to go. I am not
concerned with being thanked; I am concerned with teaching
you that is it appropriate to show appreciation when someone
has gone out of his or her way to help you.
Rule 43
“When we are on field trips and we have to go up escalators,
we will stand to the right. That will give other individuals who
are in a hurry the option of walking up the left-hand side of the
escalator. When we are going to enter an elevator, the
subway, or a doorway, we will wait for others to exit before we
enter."
Rule 44
"When in a line; walk single file, two to three feet behind the
person in front of you with your arms at your sides. You
should face forward at all times. There will be absolutely no
talking."
Rule 45
“Never cut line. If someone cuts in front of you, do not say or
do anything about it. Let it happen, but let me know about it. I
will handle the situation. If you fuss with someone who has cut
in line, you could get in trouble as well. It’s not worth it; just let
me know what happened. Please handle all disputes with
other classmates in the same manner, by coming to me with
any problems before you take matters into your own hands."
Rule 46
“When we go to a movie theater
Rule 47
"Do not bring Doritos in the school building."
Rule 48
"If any child in this school is bothering you, let me know. I am
your teacher, and I am here to look after you and protect you.
I am not going to let anyone in this school bully you or make
you feel uncomfortable. In return, I ask that you not take
matters into your own hands; let me deal with the student."
Rule 49
"Stand up for what you believe in. You shouldn't take no for an
answer if your heart and mind are leading you in a direction
that you feel strongly about."
Rule 50
"Be positive and enjoy life. Some things just aren't worth
getting upset over. Keep everything in perspective and focus
on the good in your life."
Rule 51
"Live so that you will never have regrets. If there is something
you want to do, do it! Never let fear, doubt, or other obstacles
stand in your way. If there is something you want, fight for it
with all of your heart. If there is something you want to do, go
for it and don's stop until you make it happen. If there is
something you want to be, do whatever is necessary in order
to live that dream."
Rule 52
“Accept that you are going to make mistakes. Learn from
them and move on.”
Rule 53
“No matter what the circumstances, always be honest. Even if
you have done something wrong, it is best to admit it to me,
because I will respect that, and oftentimes I will forget any
disciplinary measures because of your honesty.”
Rule 54
“Carpe Diem. You on
is made up of special moments, many of which happen when
caution is thrown to the wind and people take act
the day.”
Rule 55
“Be the best person you can be.”